Determination of water requirements of the Gavkhuni wetland,Iran: A hydrological approach     

《Journal of Arid Environments》2013

This study compared three hydrological methods – low flow frequency analysis, flow duration curve (FDC), and concentration-discharge (C-D) modeling – to determine the water requirement of the Gavkhuni wetland located in an arid region of Iran. Due to the effects of water impounding upstream on the hydrological regime of the Gavkhuni's inflow after construction of the Zayandehrud dam, none of the methods produced satisfactory results.Consequent modification of the hydrological regime of the wetland's inflow using a scaling process allowed all the methods except low flow frequency analysis to dependably estimate the base flow for the wetland. The results of the C–D method revealed that this method can provide a minimum health condition from the water quality point of view, while the results of the FDC demonstrated that not only the inflow estimated using this method can supply minimum conditions in terms of water quality parameters, but it also covers most areas of the wetland, based on the results of hydraulic modeling.The results reveal that the hydrological methods implemented in this study can dependably estimate environmental water allocation for wetlands in arid and semi-arid regions when there is no detailed knowledge about the biological requirements of the wetlands' biota.  相似文献   

Operation Fly Trap: L.A. Gangs,Drugs, and the Law. Susan A. Phillips     

Steven M. Graves 《Urban geography》2013,34(6):889-890

Globalization is constituted not only through interurban networks of global city regions, but also by intraurban linkages within city regions. In this article, we use the Madrid city region as a case study to analyze the emergence of new “globalization arenas”—dense agglomeration nodes of knowledge-intensive business services (KIBSs)—on the outskirts of large metropolises (METs). We focus on two distinct types of centers. New employment centers (NECs) are produced by intrametropolitan suburbanization and realignment of preexisting small agglomerations. Historic administrative cities (HACs) are created by suprametropolitan scale processes remaking historically autonomous centers beyond the MET, which are only now being articulated in metropolitan transformation. We use statistical, cartographic, and econometric techniques to analyze proximity and economic base characteristics of NECs and HACs. As KIBSs continue to evolve in patterns of decentralized concentration, HACs are becoming more important KIBS nodes amidst complex landscapes of functional specialization and repositioning.  相似文献   

A review on eco-hydrological effects of condensation water     

Jing Fang 《寒旱区科学》2013,5(3):0275-0281

Almost half the world is suffering from drought at different levels. Since arid and semi-arid regions are characterized by extreme shortage and precipitation uncertainty, water availability is the most important limiting factor in arid lands, and any additional source of moisture, such as condensation water, may have a positive impact upon the ecosystem. Therefore, extensive research has been carried out on condensation. Based on articles and relevant documents on the subject, this paper reviews systematically and comprehensively the latest research achievements in several main aspects, including eco-hydrological effects of condensation water on plants, small animals, microbiotic crusts, soil moisture balance, ground water recharge and anthropogenic utilization. History and trends of research about eco-hydrological effects of condensation water are intensively analyzed in order to summarize existing problems and offer opinions and suggestions for future study.  相似文献   

Soil detachment by overland flow on steep cropland in the subtropical region of China     

Qianhong Ma  Keli Zhang  Zihao Cao  Mengyao Wei  Zhicheng Yang 《水文研究》2020,34(8):1810-1820

Accurate prediction of soil detachment capacity is fundamental to establish process-based erosion models and improve soil loss assessment. Few studies were conducted to reveal the mechanism of detachment process for yellow soil on steep cropland in the subtropical region of China using field experiments. This study was performed to determine soil detachment characteristics and explore the relationships between soil detachment capacity (D _c) and flow rate, slope gradient, mean velocity, shear stress, stream power and unit stream power. Field experiments were conducted on intact soil with flow rates ranging from 0.2 × 10⁻³ to 0.5 × 10⁻³ m⁻³ s⁻¹ and slope gradients varying from 8.8 to 42.4%. The results showed the following. (a) D _c of yellow soil was smaller than other soils because of its high clay content. (b) D _c was more susceptible to flow than to slope gradient. Power functions were derived to depict the relationship between D _c and the flow rate and slope gradient (R² = 0.91). (c) D _c was better simulated by power functions of the stream power (R² = 0.83) than functions of the shear stress or the unit stream power. (d) Considering its accuracy, simplicity and accessibility, the power function based on flow rate and slope gradient is recommended to predict D _c of yellow soil in the field. The results of this study provide useful support for revealing soil detachment mechanism and developing process-based soil erosion models for the subtropical region of China.  相似文献   

宁夏及邻区地震震源参数研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

师海阔  朱新运  贺永忠  张立恒 《大地测量与地球动力学》2010,30(Z1)

利用宁夏地震台网记录的宁夏及邻区数字地震波资料,采用Brune(1970)模型,通过几何扩散校正、介质衰减校正、仪器校正等将速度记录谱归算为震源位移谱。使用遗传算法计算拐角频率及零频极限,进而计算震源半径、地震矩等小震震源参数,并系统分析了各种参数之间的关系。使用发生于2003年6月—2007年12月ML1.7~4.4的186次地震事件估算的震源参数表明:地震矩、近震震级、破裂半径、拐角频率等之间可以拟合为对数或半对数线性关系。地震应力降、视应力与震源半径没有表现出明显的依赖关系,但与地震矩之间表现出正相关关系。与其他地区相比,此研究区属于低应力释放区域。  相似文献   

可控震源在新疆准东煤田地震勘探中的应用     

赵环金  王炳华  范永杰 《山东国土资源》2010,26(1):24-29

以新疆准东煤田库兰喀孜干地区煤炭资源地震勘探为例,介绍了2年来通过可控震源进行煤炭资源勘探的实践,认为利用可控震源在沙漠地区进行煤炭资源地震勘探,可解决沙漠成孔难,找不到理想的放炮激发层位问题,取得更为满意的勘探效果。  相似文献   

武汉城市圈湿地资源现状与保护对策   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

卢会娟  刘浩  董莹  田玲玲 《湿地科学与管理》2010,6(2):40-42

利用2005年遥感影像数据,借助遥感、地理信息系统等软件统计出武汉城市圈各类型湿地的面积、特点、分布,并借助1985年、1995年遥感影像数据,通过历史文献资料,采用类型对比法,分析了城市圈湿地资源现状和存在的问题,并在此基础上提出了湿地生态保护对策,以期对湿地资源保护和合理利用提供指导。  相似文献   

Aeolian dust transportation and deposition by near-surface winds in arid and semiarid China     

JinChang Li  ZhiBao Dong  GuangQiang Qian  WanYin Luo 《寒旱区科学》2010,2(2):0137-0142

Dustfall collections were carried out in April and May 2001 and in March 2002 at six sites in northern China.Our results showed that the total deposition of dust fractions 250 μm in diameter and the deposition of Fe both decreased exponentially with increasing distances from the source areas,and that the half-attenuation distance (HAD) for dust deposition was about 229 km in this re-gion.The HAD was closely related to the grain-size distribution of the dust,and the 15 to 20 μm fractions had the longest HAD.However,the fractions 15 μm in diameter can be easily adsorbed to coarse particles and deposited after only short distances,and the HAD for the fractions 15 to 100 μm in diameter showed a power relationship with the grain-size distribution.The HAD for Fe deposition was 233 km,which was a little longer than that of total dust deposition,which suggests that the Fe content is higher in fine particles than in coarse particles,as previous studies have suggested.In addition,our analysis showed that under the control of current climatic conditions,the coarse fractions in dust derived from northwestern China cannot be transported over long distances,instead,it is transported primarily by near-surface winds (3 km above the ground).The Fe in aeolian dust generated from arid and semiarid regions of China and deposited in the North Pacific region is usually transported by the upper westerlies.  相似文献   

新疆数字测震台网的监测能力及其构造意义   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

尹光华  段天山  刘平仁  吴国栋  上官文明  袁顺 《内陆地震》2010,24(2):97-106

新疆地震监测台网从1970年前的4个台发展到2008年数字测震台网建设完成以后,共有测震台站63个,结合邻省的15个地震台站的实时数据,地震监测能力得到极大的提高。阿勒泰构造小区、西准噶尔小区、北天山西段、南天山东段和西段现今的地震监测能力为1.5~2.0级,东天山为2.0~2.5级,西昆仑、阿尔金和交汇区为2.5~3.0级,乌鲁木齐和喀什附近地区的现今监测能力为0.5~1级。新疆数字测震台网的建设着重考虑了对新疆活动构造的监测,目前对新疆大部分活动断裂带的监测能力都在1.0~1.5级,这对今后的地震监测预报和防震减灾工作有十分重要的意义。  相似文献   

基于生态地理分区的青藏高原植被覆被变化及其对气候变化的响应   总被引：10，自引：1，他引：9  

张戈丽  欧阳华  张宪洲  周才平  徐兴良 《地理研究》2010,29(11):2004-2016

基于1982~2006年GIMMS NDVI数据集和地面气象台站观测数据,分析了青藏高原整个区域及各生态地理分区年均NDVI的变化趋势,并通过偏相关分析研究不同生态地理分区植被覆被变化对气温和降水响应的空间分异特征。研究表明:(1)近25年来,高原植被覆盖变化整体上趋于改善;高原东北部、东中部以及西南部湿润半湿润及部分半干旱地区植被趋于改善,植被覆盖较差的北部、西部半干旱和干旱地区呈现退化趋势;(2)高原植被变化与气温变化的相关性明显高于与降水变化的相关性,说明高原植被年际变化对温度变化更为敏感;(3)高原植被年际变化与气温和降水的相关性具有明显的区域差异,植被覆盖中等区域全年月NDVI与气温和降水的相关性最强,相关性由草甸向草原、针叶林逐步减弱,荒漠区相关性最弱。生长季植被覆盖变化与气温的相关性和全年相关性较一致,降水则不同,生长季期间高原大部分地区植被变化与降水相关性不显著。  相似文献