煤矸石堆周围土壤重金属污染特征分析--以焦作市中马村矿为例   总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15  

李东艳  方元元  任玉芬  胡斌 《煤田地质与勘探》2004,32(5):15-17

利用扇形布点法采集了焦作市中马村矿矸石堆周围土壤，对其中的Cr、Pb、Cu、Mn4种重金属含量进行了研究。结果表明：煤矸石的堆放对周围土壤造成不同程度的污染，重金属的含量随离矸石堆距离增大呈减小的趋势，主要受到风向的影响。  相似文献   

环状河网水质模型在水污染控制规划中的应用   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

曾思育  徐一剑  张天柱 《水科学进展》2004,15(2):193-196

结合一维圣维南方程及CSTR水质概念模型的机理,开发了平原环状河网非稳态水质模型,并用于温州市温瑞塘河水污染控制规划的编制中。模型由水文子模型和水质子模型两部分构成,描述了水体中COD、氨氮和DO浓度随时间、空间的动态变化。利用新开发的模型,采用试错法,估算了河网的水环境容量,并以此为基础确定了远、近期污染物排放控制目标;通过研究水质恢复的滞后性,提出可以采取引水冲污、人工曝气复氧等非常规措施来改善河网水质;并且利用情景分析方法,分别设定不同流量与不同开闸方式相组合的9种冲污情景,定量化探讨了引水冲污方案;根据曝气复氧对河网水质改善的作用特征,筛选出需要曝气复氧的重点河段和次重点河段。  相似文献   

湖相沉积物中重金属环境污染研究进展   总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6  

王静雅  李泽琴  程温莹  罗丽 《地球科学进展》2004,(Z1)

综述了湖相沉积物重金属环境污染研究进展。介绍了该领域研究的主要研究内容、主要研究方法和湖相沉积物重金属污染的评价方法。并指出了该领域研究中比较薄弱的环节以及将来的发展方向,以期推动该领域的进一步研究。  相似文献   

铜陵矿区水系沉积物中重金属存在形态特征研究   总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11  

张鑫  周涛发  袁峰  范裕 《地球科学进展》2004,(Z1)

通过对铜陵水系沉积物重金属形态分析实验,研究了重金属各种形态在沉积物中分布特征。分析结果显示,矿区水系沉积物中Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd等重金属含量都显著的高于对照样品,水系已经受到重金属的污染。提出了防治和改善铜陵地表水环境污染的措施。  相似文献   

Uranium pollution of South African streams – An overview of the situation in gold mining areas of the Witwatersrand     

F. Winde  L. A. Sandham 《GeoJournal》2004,61(2):131-149

During more than a century of gold mining in South Africa large amounts of tailings were produced, which now cover vast areas in densely populated regions. These dumps contain elevated levels of uranium and other toxic heavy metals associated with gold in the mined ore. Large-scale extraction of uranium from auriferous ore only took place during the cold war, leaving tailings with high uranium concentrations that were deposited before and after this period. Recent studies found elevated levels of the radioactive heavy metal in groundwater and streams, mainly attributed to the discharge of contaminated water from mines. In this paper the contribution of seepage from slimes dams to the uranium pollution of adjacent streams is analysed. Based on geochemical analyses of samples, field observations and long-term in situ measurements of hydraulic and hydrochemical parameters at selected mining sites across the Witwatersrand goldfields, the extent, mechanisms and dynamics of diffuse stream contamination by tailings seepage is characterised. Temporal and spatial variations of the process and the associated hazard potential are discussed. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

车载探测系统在近地面污染监测中的应用   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

魏强  赵增亮 《气象科技》2003,31(1):62-64,F003

文章介绍了车载粒子探测系统所使用的设备、显示分析软件以及2000年6月和12月在北京市城市污染大气探测中获取的数据。探测结果表明：北京市夏季和冬季近地面悬浮粒子浓度存在较大差异；同一季节北京城区及周边地区近地面悬浮粒子浓度存在较大差异；同一地区同一季节白天与黑夜存在较大差异。车载探测系统的观测试验表明：该套车载探测系统能连续记录近地面粒子尺度、汽车行驶轨迹和速度，其测量频率高，机动灵活，不受天气条件的影响；增加光阵探头个数，可以对0．1～9300．0μm的雾、气溶胶、雨和雪等粒子进行测量；可较好地应用于地面污染监测，同时还可用于云雾人工影响天气作业的地面监测。  相似文献   

北京市污染气溶胶散射特征实验及其数值模拟     

邓孺孺  田国良  孙荃  张力军  支毅乔 《遥感学报》2003,7(3):321-327

用地基遥感方法对北京市主要大气污染类型的气溶胶散射进行多角度观测实验，对比分析不同污染类型，及在不同观测角度下污染气溶胶的散射特征；并建立对各类型污染气溶胶散射率进行了数值模拟的数学模型。在此基础上求出观测时污染气溶胶的混浊度。为污染气溶胶的卫星遥感打下基础。  相似文献   

Regional Sources of Methyl Chloride, Chloroform and Dichloromethane Identified from AGAGE Observations at Cape Grim, Tasmania, 1998–2000     

M. L. Cox  G. A. Sturrock  P. J. Fraser  S. T. Siems  P. B. Krummel  S. O'Doherty 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》2003,45(1):79-99

There are large uncertainties in identifying and quantifying the natural and anthropogenic sources of chloromethanes – methyl chloride (CH₃Cl), chloroform (CHCl₃) and dichloromethane (CH₂Cl₂), which are responsible for about 15% of the total chlorine in the stratosphere. We report two years of in situ observations of these species from the AGAGE (Advanced Global Atmospheric Gas Experiment) program at Cape Grim, Tasmania (41° S, 145° E). The average background levels of CH₃Cl, CHCl₃ and CH₂Cl₂ during 1998–2000 were 551± 8, 6.3± 0.2 and 8.9± 0.2 ppt (dry air mole fractions expressed in parts per 10¹²) respectively, with a two-year average amplitude of the seasonal cycles in background air of 25, 1.1 and 1.5 ppt respectively. The CH₃Cl and CHCl₃ records at Cape Grim show clear episodes of elevated mixing ratios up to 1300 ppt and 55 ppt respectively, which are highly correlated, suggesting common source(s). Trajectory analyses show that the sources of CH₃Cl and CHCl₃ that are responsible for these elevated observations are located in coastal-terrestrial and/or coastal-seawater regions in Tasmania and the south-eastern Australian mainland. Elevated levels of CH₂Cl₂ (up to 70 ppt above background) are associated mainly with emissions from the Melbourne/Port Phillip region, a large urban/industrial complex (population 3.5 million) 300 km north of Cape Grim.Now at the Centre for Atmospheric ChemistryNow at School of Environmental Sciences  相似文献   

Dispersion modelling of air pollution caused by road traffic using a Markov Chain–Monte Carlo model     

D. Oettl  R. A. Almbauer  P. J. Sturm  G. Pretterhofer 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》2003,17(1-2):58-75

 Although the strict legislation regarding vehicle emissions in Europe (EURO 4, EURO 5) will lead to a remarkable reduction of emissions in the near future, traffic related air pollution still can be problematic due to a large increase of traffic in certain areas. Many dispersion models for line-sources have been developed to assess the impact of traffic on the air pollution levels near roads, which are in most cases based on the Gaussian equation. Previous studies gave evidence, that such kind of models tend to overestimate concentrations in low wind speed conditions or when the wind direction is almost parallel to the street orientation. This is of particular interest, since such conditions lead generally to the highest observed concentrations in the vicinity of streets. As many air quality directives impose limits on high percentiles of concentrations, it is important to have good estimates of these quantities in environmental assessment studies. The objective of this study is to evaluate a methodology for the computation of especially those high percentiles required by e.g. the EU daughter directive 99/30/EC (for instance the 99.8 percentile for NO₂). The model used in this investigation is a Markov Chain – Monte Carlo model to predict pollutant concentrations, which performs well in low wind conditions as is shown here. While usual Lagrangian models use deterministic time steps for the calculation of the turbulent velocities, the model presented here, uses random time steps from a Monte Carlo simulation and a Markov Chain simulation for the sequence of the turbulent velocities. This results in a physically better approach when modelling the dispersion in low wind speed conditions. When Lagrangian dispersion models are used for regulatory purposes, a meteorological pre-processor is necessary to obtain required input quantities like Monin-Obukhov length and friction velocity from routinely observed data. The model and the meteorological pre-processor applied here, were tested against field data taken near a major motorway south of Vienna. The methodology used is based on input parameters, which are also available in usual environmental assessment studies. Results reveal that the approach examined is useful and leads to reasonable concentration levels near motorways compared to observations. We wish to thank Andreas Schopper (Styrian Government) for providing air quality values, M. Kalina for providing the raw data of the air quality stations near the motorway and J. Kukkonen for providing the road site data set from the Finish Meteorological Institute (FMI). The study was partly funded by the Austrian science fund under the project P14075-TEC.  相似文献   

聊城市水质现状及对策     

李长青  杨兰华  唐浩 《地下水》2003,25(1):16-17,27

本文根据聊城市水量、水质、水污染的现状及2000年的水质监测资料中，主要污染的浓度、数量进行了分析，对如何解决这方面的问题提出解决的措施。  相似文献