Observed and modelled “chemical weather” during ESCOMPTE     

A. Dufour  M. Amodei  G. Ancellet  V.-H. Peuch 《Atmospheric Research》2005,74(1-4):161-189

The new MOdèle de Chimie Atmosphérique à Grande Echelle (MOCAGE) three-dimensional multiscale chemistry and transport model (CTM) has been applied to study heavy pollution episodes observed during the ESCOMPTE experiment. The model considers the troposphere and lower stratosphere, and allows the possibility of zooming from the planetary scale down to the regional scale over limited area subdomains. Like this, it generates its own time-dependent chemical boundary conditions in the vertical and in the horizontal. This paper focuses on the evaluation and quantification of uncertainties related to chemical and transport modelling during two intensive observing periods, IOP2 and IOP4 (June 20–26 and July 10–14, 2001, respectively). Simulations are compared to the database of four-dimensional observations, which includes ground-based sites and aircraft measurements, radiosoundings, and quasi-continuous measurements of ozone by LIDARs. Thereby, the observed and modelled day-to-day variabilities in air composition both at the surface and in the vertical have been assessed. Then, three sensitivity studies are conducted concerning boundary conditions, accuracy of the emission dataset, and representation of chemistry. Firstly, to go further in the analysis of chemical boundary conditions, results from the standard grid nesting set-up and altered configurations, relying on climatologies, are compared. Along with other recent studies, this work advocates the systematic coupling of limited-area models with global CTMs, even for regional air quality studies or forecasts. Next, we evaluate the benefits of using the detailed high-resolution emissions inventory of ESCOMPTE: improvements are noticeable both on ozone reactivity and on the concentrations of various species of the ozone photochemical cycle especially primary ones. Finally, we provide some insights on the comparison of two simulations differing only by the parameterisation of chemistry and using two state-of-the-art chemical schemes for regional photochemical modelling. Regional air quality modelling is found to be highly sensitive to the emission inventory dataset and also to the vertical and horizontal boundary conditions and detailed representation of chemistry. Interestingly enough, they infer the same range of errors compared to total model errors.  相似文献   

自组织数据地图用于近海水质分析的研究          下载免费PDF全文

牛志广  张宏伟  辛志伟  于安伟 《水科学进展》2005,16(4):569-573

通过对自组织数据地图SOM(Self Organizing Map)理论及技术的研究和应用,力求找到近海水质分析的新途径,并以渤海湾水质数据为例,采用批处理SOM算法为计算核心,利用MATLAB语言编制的SOM工具箱开发了近海水质分析软件包。该软件包通过SOM的训练对数据特征进行分析和显示,并在此基础上进一步分析SOM训练结果,将监测数据分成5种不同的污染类型,还实现了数据跟踪和新的监测数据的自动归类。应用表明,提出的方法以多种图形形式直观、综合、深入的分析近海水质,可为近海水域污染状况的辨识和采取相应措施提供决策支持。  相似文献   

水库有机污染物生化需氧量-溶解氧和温度的耦合模型研究与应用     

马瑞杰李欣  刘晓端徐清 《岩矿测试》2005,24(2):105-108

生化需氧量溶解氧(BOD5 DO)是反映水体有机污染程度的一个重要指标,而这些指标的浓度变化与水体温度有着密切关系。因此,研究三者之间的耦合数学模型,可以反映水体BOD5 DO迁移分布的规律。文章建立了三者垂向一维耦合数学模型,并给出了稳态情况下精确解的数学表达式且讨论了三者之间的关系,解决了求任意深度在温度影响下BOD5 DO的浓度值,同时还给出了耦合模型非稳态情况下的求解方法。  相似文献   

广西平南赤泥堆场地下水渗流特性试验研究     

杜长学  彭振斌  陈安  左文贵  王继华 《中国地质灾害与防治学报》2005,16(4):74-78

渗漏污染是建干岩溶地区赤泥堆场的主要环境工程地质问题。解决这一问题的关键是通过查明地下水的渗流特性，从而确定其渗漏通道。试验研究表明，堆场内各水点之间、堆场与外部各水点存在一定的水力联系，其流速受季节影响，在枯水期较为缓慢；地下水流向主要取决于地下暗河的走向；堆场区地下水流向总体是自堆场向北流向右江，局部地下水的流向受构造和岩溶裂隙控制；岩溶管道是渗流的主要通道。因此，存在因赤泥渗流污染居民生产与生活水源地的可能，污染物的扩散途径主要是岩溶通道。  相似文献   

浙江省长兴县煤山盆地地球化学异常特征及环境质量初步评价     

解怀生 《中国地质灾害与防治学报》2005,16(4):124-129

农业地质环境调查是新兴的地学研究领域。文章以长兴县农业地质环境调查结果为依据，结合区域浅层、深层土壤及浅层地下水测试分析数据的统计特征，圈定了煤山盆地土壤中Cd、Hg、As、Ni、Pb等重金属和与采煤有关的S、Br、Cl、F等不同元素的地球化学异常图，重点分析了异常的空间表现特征，并对土壤、浅层地下水环境质量进行初步评价。结果表明由于大量的煤矸石露天堆放，随着雨水的冲刷，煤矸石中的有毒、有害元素已进入土壤并发生表层富集现象，致使煤山镇、葆青煤矿一带15．5k^2土壤达到轻度一中度污染程度；煤矿矿灯厂虽然已在20世纪80年代停产关闭，但在长达30多年的生产过程中残渣、废液的排放，与之有关的Cu、Pb等有害元素对其周围1km^2左右范围内的土壤造成的重度污染，至今仍然存在。另一方面，盆地中虽然大量煤矸石的堆放已对局部土壤环境质量造成污染，但与煤矸石有关的有毒、有害物质尚未对浅层地下水造成影响。  相似文献   

天津市总悬浮颗粒物浓度分布的数值模拟   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4  

张美根  韩志伟  雷孝恩 《气候与环境研究》2000,5(1):30-35

根据天津市总悬浮颗粒物的监测结果,用化学元素质量平衡法对监测点总悬浮颗粒物的来源进行了解析,简要介绍了天津市空气污染数值预报实验中总悬浮颗粒物的预报方法及其预报结果。  相似文献   

Screening of Mercury and Persistent Organochlorine Pollutants in Long-Finned Pilot Whale (Globicephala melas) in the Faroe Islands     

Maria Dam  Dorete Bloch 《Marine pollution bulletin》2000,40(12):1090-1099

Results of mercury and organochlorine analyses in pooled muscle and blubber samples representing in all 417 long-finned pilot whales (Globicephala melas) sampled in 1997 in the Faroe Islands are presented. The 28 pooled muscle samples from (in all) 9 pods were analysed for total mercury and the same number of pooled blubber samples were analysed for PCB (IUPAC CBs no. 28, 52, 99, 101, 105, 118, 128, 138, 153, 170, 180, 183 and 187), p,p′-DDT and metabolites and o,p′-DDT and metabolites, cis () and trans (γ)-chlordane, cis- and trans-nonachlor, oxychlordane, mirex, hexachlorobenzene, β-HCH and toxaphene (Parlars no. 26 (T2), 32, 50 (T12), 62 (T20) and 69.  相似文献   

Influence of contaminated Vistula River water on the groundwater entering the Zakrzówek limestone quarry, Cracow region, Poland   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

J. Motyka  A. Postawa 《Environmental Geology》2000,39(3-4):398-404

 Chemical composition of water inflows in the Zakrzówek quarry, developed in fractured and karstified Upper Jurassic limestones, is controlled by infiltration of polluted water from the Vistula River and by infiltrating meteoric water. The river water TDS value is 2.5 g/dm³. The quarry waters have 0.6–2.0 g/dm³ TDS. Highly mineralised waters belong to Cl-Na type. With decreasing TDS the percentage of sulphates, calcium, magnesium and hydrocarbonates increases. This seems to result from various processes including dilution of polluted river water, leaching of aquifer rocks, and ion exchange. The transfer time of river water to the quarry is about 100–120 days. Concentration of contaminants contained in the river water declines during the migration through limestones to the quarry. Received: 7 March 1997 · Accepted: 7 December 1998  相似文献   

Cross-Media Models of the Chesapeake Bay Watershed and Airshed   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Linker  Lewis C.  Shenk  Gary W.  Dennis  Robin L.  Sweeney  Jeffery S. 《Water Quality and Ecosystems Modeling》2000,1(1-4):91-122

A continuous, deterministic watershed model of the Chesapeake Bay watershed, linked to an atmospheric deposition model is used to examine nutrient loads to the Chesapeake Bay under different management scenarios. The Hydrologic Simulation Program - Fortran, Version 11 simulation code is used at an hourly time-step for ten years of simulation in the watershed. The Regional Acid Deposition Model simulates management options in reducing atmospheric deposition of nitrogen. Nutrient loads are summed over daily periods and used for loading a simulation of the Chesapeake estuary employing the Chesapeake Bay Estuary Model Package. Averaged over the ten-year simulation, loads are compared for scenarios under 1985 conditions, forecasted conditions in the year 2000, and estimated conditions under a limit of technology scenario. Limit of technology loads are a 50%, 64%, and 42% reduction from the 1985 loads in total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and total suspended solids, respectively. Urban loads, which include point source, on-site wastewater disposal systems, combined sewer overflows, and nonpoint source loads have the highest flux of nutrient loads to the Chesapeake, followed by crop land uses.on assignment from NOAA Air Resources Laboratory  相似文献   

硫铁矿焙烧灰渣中铊分布规律及环境效应的研究   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

谢文彪  陈永亨  陈穗玲  毕雪贞  范小苑 《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2000,19(3):204-206

利用分光光度法测定了铊在硫铁矿焙烧灰、渣中的含量,探讨了含铊硫铁矿燃烧后铊在灰渣中的集散规律及其对环境影响。结果显示硫铁矿焙烧灰渣中铊含量远高于克拉克值和土壤背景值;与原矿石相比,铊在炉灰中富集,炉渣中含量减少。硫铁矿燃烧产生的含铊灰渣对环境危害增大。  相似文献