安山岩中黄铜矿矿石分析和制硫酸铜工艺的研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

朱继存 《化工矿产地质》1997,19(1):63-68

安山岩中的黄铜矿是庐江中生代陆相火山热液型铜矿床的原生矿，矿石中主要伴生黄铁矿及少量斑铜矿、赤铁矿和褐铁矿。物相分析结果，黄铜矿的粒度很细，只有细磨才能单体解离；它在矿石中分布极不均匀，且与脉石矿物接触疏松，适于粗磨抛尾。物性分析结果，黄铜矿在４００～５３０℃、斑铜矿在４５０～６００℃、黄铁矿在５００～６８０℃氧化分解。实验研究表明，矿石经磨碎磁选，大部分的粗粒级的铁矿物能够回收；粗磨抛尾可获得铜、硫的粗精矿；然后再经硫酸化焙烧、酸浸、过滤、提纯、浓缩结晶可制得工业级硫酸铜。浸渣做炼铁原料，黄钾铁矾做Ｆｅ２Ｏ３颜料，有时还可回收金、银。  相似文献   

(Hetero)sexing Space: Gay Men and “Straight” Space in Adelaide,South Australia     

Stewart Kirby  Iain Hay 《The Professional geographer》1997,49(3):295-305

This paper examines gay men's perceptions and experiences of everyday places in Adelaide, South Australia. It illustrates the nature of social space as a heterosexual artifact. The paper also outlines ways in which gay men may contribute to the heterosexualization of space. Many gay men monitor the public and private roles they play for fear of the consequences of “discovery,” and through self-policing and restricted behaviors they may contribute to the spatial supremacy of heterosexuality. Acts of nondisclosure and the adoption of straight sexual facades constrain gay men's social and spatial lives.  相似文献   

Dynamic stochastic estimation of physical variables   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

George Christakos  Vijayanivas R. Raghu 《Mathematical Geology》1996,28(3):341-365

A fundamental problem facing the physical sciences today is analysis of natural variations and mapping of spatiotemporal processes. Detailed maps describing the space/time distribution of groundwater contaminants, atmospheric pollutant deposition processes, rainfall intensity variables, external intermittency functions, etc. are tools whose importance in practical applications cannot be overestimated. Such maps are valuable inputs for numerous applications including, for example, solute transport, storm modeling, turbulent-nonturbulent flow characterization, weather prediction, and human exposure to hazardous substances. The approach considered here uses the spatiotemporal random field theory to study natural space/time variations and derive dynamic stochastic estimates of physical variables. The random field model is constructed in a space/time continuum that explicitly involves both spatial and temporal aspects and provides a rigorous representation of spatiotemporal variabilities and uncertainties. This has considerable advantages as regards analytical investigations of natural processes. The model is used to study natural space/time variations of springwater calcium ion data from the Dyle River catchment area, Belgium. This dataset is characterized by a spatially nonhomogeneous and temporally nonstationary variability that is quantified by random field parameters, such as orders of space/time continuity and random field increments. A rich class of covariance models is determined from the properties of the random field increments. The analysis leads to maps of continuity orders and covariances reflecting space/time calcium ion correlations and trends. Calcium ion estimates and the associated statistical errors are calculated at unmeasured locations/instants over the Dyle region using a space/time kriging algorithm. In practice, the interpretation of the results of the dynamic stochastic analysis should take into consideration the scale effects.  相似文献   

Dissolved carbon in pore waters from the carbonate barrier reef of Tahiti (French Polynesia) and its basalt basement     

R. Fichez  P. Harris  G. Cauwet  P. Dejardin 《Aquatic Geochemistry》1996,2(3):255-271

This paper deals with dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and organic carbon (DOC) in pore waters from a 150 m deep hole drilled through the carbonate barrier reef of Tahiti and its underlying basalt basement. Alkalinity-pH measurements were used to calculate the DIC species concentration, and DOC was analysed according to the high temperature catalytic oxidation technique. Salinity was used as a conservative tracer to help identify water origin and mixing within the hole. Water mixing, calcium carbonate dissolution and mineralization of organic carbon combined to form three distinct groups of pore water. In the deeper basalt layers, pore water with alkalinity of 1.4 meq kg^–1 pH of 7.6 and p(CO₂) of 1.2 mAtm was undersaturated with respect to both aragonite and calcite. In the intermediate carbonate layer, pore water with alkalinity of more than 2.0 meq kg^–1, pH of 7.70 and p(CO₂) of 1.4 mAtm was supersaturated with respect to both aragonite and calcite. The transition zone between those two groups extended between 80 and 100 m depth. The shift from aragonite undersaturation to supersaturation was mainly attributed to the mixing of undersaturated pore waters from the basalt basement with supersaturated pore waters from the overlaying limestone. In the top of the reef, inputs from a brackish water lens further increased p(CO₂) up to 5.6 times the atmospheric P(CO₂).  相似文献   

Hydrous pyrolysis of a Type III source: fractionation effects during primary migration in natural and artificially matured samples     

C.S. Mishra  U. Samanta  A. Gupta  N.J. Thomas  K.N. Misra 《Organic Geochemistry》1996,25(8):489-505

A core from the Cambay Shale Formation of the Cambay Basin, containing immature Type III organic matter, was pyrolysed at 300°C for different durations of time to different maturation levels. Fractionation effects were studied employing a three-step extraction technique after removal of the expelled pyrolysate. The extractable organic matter (EOM) obtained on extraction of the whole core is assumed to be that present in open pores, while that obtained on finely crushing the sample is assumed to be that present in closed pores. The EOM obtained from 1 cm chips is termed EOM from semi-open pores. The gross composition of the pyrolysates expelled during pyrolysis is not similar to the oils reservoired in the area, and there is no significant fractionation observed between expelled pyrolysates and unexpelled EOM. Our study indicates movement of fluids between closed, semi-open and open pores. In both systems, there is a higher concentration of EOM in open pores than in semi-open and closed pores, and the fraction of EOM in open pores is much greater in the artificial system than in the natural system. Fractionation effects on n-alkane and isoprenoid hydrocarbon-based parameters were also studied. n-Alkenes are present in semi-open and closed pores of the immature core and in the core after it was pyrolysed to 300°C for 6 and 48 h, but are absent in the open pores. n-Alkenes are present in closed pores in the naturally matured core. Presence of n-alkenes in the pyrolysates expelled during the 6 and 48 h experiments, but their absence in the open pores of the core, indicates that expulsion also occurs through temporary microfractures during laboratory pyrolysis, whereas in the natural system expulsion from closed pores seems to be only via semi-open and open pores.  相似文献   

A Study on Organic Inclusions in Clastic Reservoir Rocks and Their Application to the Assessment of Oil and Gas Accumulations   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

张文淮  张志坚等 《中国地球化学学报》1996,15(3):249-257

Terrigenous clastic reservoir rocks are widespread in China,and nearly all the industrial oil and gas accumulations in eastern China occur in the clastic rocks.The study shows that organic inclusions are mostly distributed in the secondary fissures and pores which were ormed in the process of oil-rock interaction,rather than in the cements or secondary enlargements. The organic inclusions are dominantly organic gas-rich or are composed of pure hydrocarbons.Homogenization temperatures range mainly from 120℃ to 130℃，which shows a relatively high maturity of organic matter.Vertical and horizontal temperature changes provide the grounds for the investigation of basin evolution and thermal fluid-kinetics-model.Fluorescence spectral characteristics o the organic inclusions indicate that oils and gases in the area studied probably have experienced two-stage or two-time migration.Micro-fluorescence rescearch is one of the effective approaches to oil/source correlation and oil migration-stage determination.The abundance and occurrence of organic inclusions is one of the indicators of oil and gas abundance and accumulation in rock layers.With the help of other informatio,organic inclusions can provide the basis for the prospective assessment of oil and gas in clastic reservoir rocks.  相似文献   

中国区域经济差异变化的空间特征及其政策含义研究   总被引：54，自引：6，他引：54  

覃成林 《地域研究与开发》1998,17(2):36-39

采用了种省区人均国内生产总值与全国平均值的离差和比离两个指标，分别判断１９９０￣１９９５年我国区域经济绝对差异和相对差异变化的空间状态，并进一步阐明了其调控区域经济差异的政策含义。  相似文献   

Coal-generated oil in Tuha Basin     

Keming Cheng  Aiguo Su  Changyi Zhao  Zhonghua He 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》1997,40(4):439-442

The Turpan-Harmi (abbreviated to Tuha below) Basin is a typical basin of coal-generated oil accumulation in China. The Middle-Lower Jurassic coal measures are considered the main source beds. Hence, both desmocollinite and suberinite are considered the contributors for coal-generated oil. Principal geochemical features of the crude oil in the Tuha Basin are rich in alkanes (70%—80%), high pristane/phytane ratio (6—8), abundant heavy carbon isotope (δ¹³C PDB= -26%–-23%) and absolute GP sterane predominance. The hydrocarbon generation process from the coal series is characterized by multistages, early generation and early expulsion.  相似文献   

流体在同心环状空间中流动时的压力损失     

张祝新  程晓新  夏圣强 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》1997,(2)

同心环状空间是工程上较常见到的流体流动空间，在此空间中流体流动情况的分析较复杂。工程上对其流动情况的分析常常是引用流体力学中的分析结果，但往往由于对环状空间结构的条件重视不够，引用时很容易出毛病。经过仔细推导分析，指出其应用条件，并有助于对同心环状空间中流体流动时压力损失的分析与计算  相似文献   

孔隙流体压力与流体排驱的关系   总被引：2，自引：3，他引：2  

冯乔  张小莉 《地质论评》1997,43(3):297-302

本文讨论了在压实作用下孔隙流体压力的形成以及与流体排驱的关系，指出异常孔隙流体压力是因岩石渗透率变化引起毛细管力增加而产生的，且二者之间在流体压力孕育过程中一直维持一个动态平衡状态。对于连续沉积的盆地，只有当异常孔隙流体压力增加到超过岩石的抗剪强度时，因岩石发生剪切破裂导致毛细管力降低，流体才被排出；对于强烈构造变动的盆地，因地层大量剥蚀引起负荷压力降低，其降低幅度达到或超过岩石的抗张强度时，岩石  相似文献