Towards a protocol for the trace element analysis of glass from rhyolitic shards in tephra deposits by laser ablation ICP‐MS          下载免费PDF全文

NICHOLAS J. G. PEARCE 《第四纪科学杂志》2014,29(7):627-640

  相似文献   

Origin and Evolution of Silicic Magmatism at Yellowstone Based on Ion Microprobe Analysis of Isotopically Zoned Zircons   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

Bindeman  Ilya N.; Fu  Bin; Kita  Noriko T.; Valley  John W. 《Journal of Petrology》2008,49(1):163-193

The origin of large-volume Yellowstone ignimbrites and smaller-volumeintra-caldera lavas requires shallow remelting of enormous volumesof variably ¹⁸O-depleted volcanic and sub-volcanic rocks alteredby hydrothermal activity. Zircons provide probes of these processesas they preserve older ages and inherited ¹⁸O values. This studypresents a high-resolution, oxygen isotope examination of volcanismat Yellowstone using ion microprobe analysis with an averageprecision of ± 0·2 and a 10 µm spot size.We report 357 analyses of cores and rims of zircons, and isotopeprofiles of 142 single zircons in 11 units that represent majorYellowstone ignimbrites, and post-caldera lavas. Many zirconsfrom these samples were previously dated in the same spots bysensitive high-resolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP), and all zirconswere analyzed for oxygen isotope ratios in bulk as a functionof grain size by laser fluorination. We additionally reportoxygen isotope analyses of quartz crystals in three units. Theresults of this work provide the following new observations.(1) Most zircons from post-caldera low-¹⁸O lavas are zoned,with higher ¹⁸O values and highly variable U–Pb ages inthe cores that suggest inheritance from pre-caldera rocks exposedon the surface. (2) Many of the higher-¹⁸O zircon cores in theselavas have U–Pb zircon crystallization ages that postdatecaldera formation, but pre-date the eruption age by 10–20kyr, and represent inheritance of unexposed post-caldera sub-volcanicunits that have ¹⁸O similar to the Lava Creek Tuff. (3) Youngand voluminous 0·25–0·1 Ma intra-calderalavas, which represent the latest volcanic activity at Yellowstone,contain zircons with both high-¹⁸O and low-¹⁸O cores surroundedby an intermediate-¹⁸O rim. This implies inheritance of a varietyof rocks from high-¹⁸O pre-caldera and low-¹⁸O post-calderaunits, followed by residence in a common intermediate-¹⁸O meltprior to eruption. (4) Major ignimbrites of Huckleberry Ridge,and to a lesser extent the Lava Creek and Mesa Falls Tuffs,contain zoned zircons with lower-¹⁸O zircon cores, suggestingthat melting and zircon inheritance from the low-¹⁸O hydrothermallyaltered carapace was an important process during formation ofthese large magma bodies prior to caldera collapse. (5) The¹⁸O zoning in the majority of zircon core–rim interfacesis step-like rather than smoothly inflected, suggesting thatprocesses of solution–reprecipitation were more importantthan intra-crystalline oxygen diffusion. Concave-downward zirconcrystal size distributions support dissolution of the smallercrystals and growth of rims on larger crystals. This study suggeststhat silicic magmatism at Yellowstone proceeded via rapid, shallow-levelremelting of earlier erupted and hydrothermally altered Yellowstonesource rocks and that pulses of basaltic magma provided theheat for melting. Each post-caldera Yellowstone lava representsan independent homogenized magma batch that was generated rapidlyby remelting of source rocks of various ages and ¹⁸O values.The commonly held model of a single, large-volume, super-solidus,mushy-state magma chamber that is periodically reactivated andproduces rhyolitic offspring is not supported by our data. Rather,the source rocks for the Yellowstone volcanism were cooled belowthe solidus, hydrothermally altered by heated meteoric watersthat caused low ¹⁸O values, and then remelted in distinct pocketsby intrusion of basic magmas. Each packet of new melt inheritedzircons that retained older age and ¹⁸O values. This interpretationmay have significance for interpreting seismic data for crustallow-velocity zones in which magma mush and solidified areasexperiencing hydrothermal circulation occur side by side. Newbasalt intrusions into this solidifying batholith are requiredto form the youngest volcanic rocks that erupted as independentrhyolitic magmas. We also suggest that the Lava Creek Tuff magmawas already an uneruptable mush by the time of the first post-calderaeruption after 0·1 Myr of the climactic caldera-formingeruption. KEY WORDS: Yellowstone; oxygen isotopes; geochronology; isotope zoning; zircon; U–Pb dating; caldera; rhyolite; ion microprobe  相似文献   

Petrogenesis of Volcanic Rocks from Saipan and Rota, Mariana Islands, and Implications for the Evolution of Nascent Island Arcs   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Reagan  Mark K.; Hanan  Barry B.; Heizler  Matthew T.; Hartman  Brian S.; Hickey-Vargas  Rosemary 《Journal of Petrology》2008,49(3):441-464

An ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar age of 45·1 Ma determined for lavas fromnorthern Saipan confirms that these high-silica rhyolites eruptedduring the ‘proto-arc’ stage of volcanism in theIzu–Bonin–Mariana system, which is characterizedelsewhere by eruption of boninitic lavas. Incompatible traceelement concentrations and Sr, Hf, Nd, and Pb isotope ratiosfor these rhyolites are transitional between those of c. 48Ma boninitic lavas and post-38 Ma ‘first-arc’ andesitesand dacites from Saipan and Rota that have typical subduction-relatedcompositions. These transitional compositions are modeled bycrystal fractionation of parental tholeiitic basalt combinedwith assimilation of young boninitic crust. A second stage ofRayleigh fractionation in the upper crust is required by SiO₂concentrations that exceed 77 wt % and near-zero compatibleelement concentrations. First-arc magma compositions are consistentwith fractionation of basalt and assimilation of crust similarin composition to the first-arc magmas themselves. The mantlesources of the proto-arc and first-arc lavas from Saipan andRota are similar to those of Philippine back-arc basin basaltsbased on Nd and Hf isotopic compositions. The Pb isotope compositionsof these lavas are between those of Pacific sea-floor basaltsand Jurassic and younger cherty and clay-rich sediments. Thiscontrasts with the boninitic proto-arc volcanic rocks from Guamand Deep Sea Drilling Project Sites 458 and 459 that have Pbisotope compositions similar to Pacific basin basalts and volcaniclasticsediments. The preferred explanation for the difference in thenature of proto-arc volcanism between Saipan and other fore-arclocations is that the crust ceased extending 3–4 Myr earlierbeneath Saipan. This was caused by a change from mantle upwelling,fore-arc extension, and shallow melting to an environment dominatedby more normal mantle wedge convection, stable crust, and deepermelting. KEY WORDS: rhyolite; andesite; Mariana arc; isotope ratios; trace elements  相似文献   

望天鹅火山岩石地球化学特征及其成因   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

陈晓雨  刘嘉麒  郭正府  路放  江东辉 《岩石学报》2008,24(11):2576-2584

东北吉林望天鹅新生代火山岩（7．04—1．86Ma）主要由玄武粗安岩和碱性流纹岩组成。玄武粗安岩的SiO2介于49．38％-53．31％之间;K2O＋Na2O为4．27％-7．72％;∑REE为163．69×10^-6-258．55×10^-6,Eu异常不明显,δEu为0．72～1．17;碱性流纹岩具高SiO2（70．39％～71．49％）含量,高碱（K2O＋Na2O为9．28％～9．49％）,高稀土总量（∑REE介于309．30×10^-6～465．03×10^-6之间）,明显的Eu负异常,3Eu为0．52～0．71。碱性流纹岩的微量元素含量较玄武粗安岩高,且具有明显的Sr、P、Ti负异常。望天鹅火山岩的^87Sr／^86Sr比值在0．705156-0．709029之间,而^144Nd／^143Nd比值变化较小,介于0．512295～0．512602之间;放射性成因Pb同位素变化范围也较小,^206Ph／^204Pb为17．254～18．090,^207Ph／^204Pb为15．460～15．507,^208Pb／^204Ph为37．278—38．048。综合分析火山岩的主量元素、微量元素和Sr-Nd—Pb同位素特点,初步认为望天鹅火山的玄武粗安岩和碱性流纹岩具有相同的地幔源区。玄武粗安岩起源于微弱富集上地幔,在上升过程中结晶分异形成了碱性流纹岩。  相似文献   

内蒙古正镶白旗碎斑熔岩长石特征及其岩石学意义   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

赖绍聪  徐海江 《矿物学报》1992,12(1):26-35

正镶白旗碎斑熔岩是一种特殊成因的火山岩,是岩浆沿火山通道侵出地表的产物。碎斑熔岩中钾长石主要为低透长石、高正长石、中正长石和中正微长石;斜长石则以更长石为主,其有序度低,指示了岩石高温火山成因的特征。从岩体边缘相到中心相至根部相,长石类型、化学成分和有序度具有一定的变化规律,反映了岩体不同岩相带成岩条件的差异性。  相似文献   

First representative of the genus Helius Lepeletier and Serville, 1828 (Diptera,Limoniidae) from the Lower Cretaceous Álava amber (Spain)     

《Cretaceous Research》2016

Helius alavensis sp. nov., one of the oldest representative of the genus Helius Lepeletier and Serville, 1828 (Diptera: Limoniidae), is described from the Álava amber (Lower Cretaceous, upper Albian), northern Spain. This is the first representative of the subfamily Limoniinae and of the genus Helius described from this fossil resin.  相似文献   

南岭科学钻探青白口系中发现381 Ma流纹岩          下载免费PDF全文

赵正  王宗起  陈毓川  郭娜欣  陈郑辉  郑瑜林  王浩洋  曾载淋 《中国地质》2016,(5):1579-1584

南岭科学钻探(NLSD-1)选址于江西省于都—兴国—宁都三县交界地区实施,构造上属华夏板块内部的武夷和罗霄两块体交汇部位。南岭科学钻探瞄准构造结合部区域地质问题和矿集区深部成矿预测两方面科学目标进行探索。NLSD-1开孔至1373.71 m揭露了连续的青白口纪地层,是一套完整的凝灰质火山碎屑岩韵律层,主要岩性有凝灰质粉砂岩、凝灰质细砂岩、变沉凝灰岩、凝灰质板岩和流纹岩。本次工作在科学钻探精细地质编录的基础上,对各类岩性地层进行镜下鉴定,并挑选流纹岩中的单颗粒锆石,应用LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb法进行定年,获得了一组高度谐和的同位素年龄,确定流纹岩成岩时代为381 Ma,为赣中南地区新元古代地层时代的进一步划分、归属和地质演化研究提供了新的信息。  相似文献   

北山风雷山地区白山组流纹岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄及构造环境   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

贾元琴  赵志雄  许海  王新亮  刘强  王金荣 《中国地质》2016,(1):91-98

北山地区位于华北板块、塔里木板块和哈萨克斯坦板块的交汇部位,总体上为一近东西向展布的构造-岩浆活动带。风雷山白山组岩性主要为紫红色流纹岩,流纹质含角砾岩屑晶屑凝灰岩、英安质、安山质晶屑凝灰岩夹少量灰色英安岩等,依据喷发特征和岩石空间叠置关系将其划分为一段、二段。岩石地球化学特征显示,流纹岩Si O2含量高(77.05%~77.52%);K2O/Na2O1(1.03~1.07);Ti O2(0.06%~0.19%)、Ca O(0.38%~1.04%)、Mg O(0.09%~0.17%)含量低,岩石的里特曼指数平均为1.74,相对富集大离子亲石元素(LILE)Rb、K,亏损高场强元素(HFSE)Nb、Ta、P、Ti,稀土总量平均为138.47×10-6,轻稀土总量(ΣLREE平均为127.55×10-6)明显高于重稀土(ΣHREE平均为10.92×10-6),轻重稀土分馏明显((La/Yb)N变化于6.37~7.88,平均为7.05;(La/Sm)N变化于4.51~4.61,平均为4.55,Eu具较为明显的负异常(δEu平均仅为0.62)。岩石学、地球化学特征表明构造背景为陆缘弧。流纹岩LA-MCICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为(318.5±1.2)Ma,结合区域地质特征,白山组应形成于晚石炭世。  相似文献   

长英质富晶体火山岩成因——岩浆补给与晶粥再活化     

赵思狄  夏炎  徐夕生  贺振宇  赵凯 《岩石矿物学杂志》2023,42(6):878-893

火山是人类窥探深部岩浆系统的窗口。从全球范围来看,贫晶体富熔体的火山岩(尤其是玄武岩和流纹岩)大面积出露,而富晶体的长英质火山岩仅出露于破火山周围。长英质富晶体火山岩主要可分为两类：一类是成分和晶体含量均一的火山岩;另一类是成分和斑晶含量分带的火山岩。富晶体火山岩是冷储存晶粥接受岩浆反复补给后重熔、再活化,重新具备流动能力而喷发形成的,储库中先存物质的成分决定了再活化形成的富晶体火山岩的类型。富晶体火山岩的存在能够很好地解释岩浆储库具有较长的寿命而岩浆汇聚结晶的过程却是迅速的这种看似矛盾的现象。虽然近年来长英质富晶体火山岩的研究已经取得了明显的进展,但仍有许多问题亟待解决,如碎斑熔岩的成因,如何判别晶粥活化,晶粥再活化与火山喷发的关系,岩浆补给和晶粥活化的时间尺度等。对富晶体火山岩的进一步研究将有助于深入揭示熔体演化、运移、在浅部的聚集和喷发的机制,并可为建立更完善的长英质岩浆演化模型提供更多信息。  相似文献   

遥感技术在长白山天池火山熔岩流表壳类型结构研究的可行性分析     

杨帆  季灵运  孙立影  李萌萌  顾国辉  闫东晗 《地震地磁观测与研究》2021,42(2):162-163

  相似文献