河南洛阳市土壤和农作物中钼分布规律与影响因素研究     

夏炎  宋延斌  侯进凯  赵瑞  王喜宽 《岩矿测试》2021,(6):820-832

钼是人体和农作物必需的有益元素,具有防癌抗癌作用。由于不同地区土壤中钼含量和土壤酸碱性的不同,农作物中钼含量有很大差异,同时不同农作物对钼的吸收也不相同。研究不同农作物中钼富集规律可以为健康地质发展、富钼农产品开发、功能农业发展、种植结构调整提供依据。本文以洛阳市硒资源详查区及其他农业种植区为研究区,通过采集22种大田种植的农作物及其根系土,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ICP-MS）测定土壤和农作物钼含量,研究了不同农作物钼含量特征及其影响因素。结果表明：洛阳市土壤钼含量较高,是中国土壤富钼特色地区。绿豆、豇豆、黑豆、黄豆、红小豆和花生是富集钼的主要农作物,钼平均含量>9mg/kg,富集系数>500%,属于钼的超富集农作物。芝麻、豆角、谷子、小麦、玉米和油菜籽钼含量较高,钼含量均值介于0.446～2.437mg/kg,富集系数介于40%～300%,属于富钼农作物。辣椒、大蒜、红薯、秋葵的钼含量介于0.1～0.3mg/kg,富集系数介于10%～30%,属于高钼农作物。苹果、梨、葡萄、石榴、樱桃与中药材银条的钼含量<0.05mg/kg,富集系数<5%,是低钼农作物。大多数农作物钼含量与根系土钼含量呈正相关,而苹果、葡萄、石榴、樱桃等水果钼含量与根系土钼含量呈负相关。研究揭示了在碱性环境下土壤中的钼更容易被农作物吸收。区内农作物与中国其他地区相比均呈富钼特征,是开发富钼农业产业的有利地区。依据不同农作物钼含量,选择出绿豆、豇豆、黑豆、黄豆、红小豆和花生是研究区特色富钼农产品,芝麻、豆角、谷子、小麦、玉米和油菜籽是富钼农产品,辣椒、大蒜、红薯、秋葵属于高钼农作物。本成果为研究区富钼农产品开发、调整种植结构提供了科学依据。  相似文献   

2010—2020年黄河下游河南典型灌区浅层地下水中砷和氟的演化特征及变化机制     

任宇  曹文庚  潘登  王帅  李泽岩  李谨丞 《岩矿测试》2021,(6):846-859

黄河下游典型灌区河南段是豫北平原重要的农业种植区。该地区浅层水质整体较差,因常用于作物灌溉或家畜饮用,会对人体健康产生风险,因此对该地区地下水中砷与氟浓度变化特征和机制的研究将有助于提高对该地区地下水污染的认识水平。本文基于2010年和2020年在灌区范围内采集的327组浅层地下水样品,研究区内地下水砷和氟分布情况,并在此基础上对比研究十年间灌区浅层地下水中砷、氟的演化特征,探索分析砷与氟浓度及空间变化机制。研究结果表明：该地区浅层地下水中存在砷与氟超标问题,2020年浅层地下水中高砷（砷浓度大于10μg/L）和高氟（氟浓度大于1mg/L）的样品数量分别占总数的26.1%和26.06%。高砷水分布在太行山前洼地与黄河冲积平原等泥沙互层结构的沉积环境中,还原性较强,同时地下水径流不畅,较强的阳离子交换作用使得其所处环境中Ca²⁺浓度较高。近十年间砷浓度增加的水样占总数31.8%,砷浓度减少的水样占36.7%。砷浓度的增长（减少）是地下水还原性增强（减弱）使得锰氧化物溶解释放（吸附）导致。近十年间不同地区农业灌溉和水源置换等用水方式导致水位变化是引起砷浓度变化的潜在因素。高氟水主要分布在河南新乡与濮阳的黄河沿线,氟离子浓度受到沉积物中萤石等钙质矿物溶解影响,使得高氟地下水出现在低钙环境中。近十年间研究区中氟离子浓度减少的占总数60.2%,氟离子浓度增加的占32.1%,整体变化趋势向好,但是高氟区中氟离子浓度继续增加。氟浓度的变化同样受到Ca²⁺变化影响,在Ca²⁺浓度降低（升高）时氟浓度进一步升高（降低）。地下水中氟升高地区分布在黄河沿线,因此受到黄河水补给影响较大,地下水径流条件较好,阳离子交换作用减弱,使得Ca²⁺浓度降低,此时地下水中砷浓度受到环境影响而降低,因此研究区氟增加地区中砷与氟的分布和演化呈现反向关系。  相似文献   

固体矿产绿色勘查钻探技术方法探索与实践          下载免费PDF全文

刘蓓  杨可  张晨  顾科伟  皮健伟  段晓 《探矿工程》2021,48(S1):39-46

西安矿产资源调查中心针对现有固体矿产地质调查（勘查）项目,积极探索和实践绿色地质勘查工作技术方法,因地制宜应用全液压履带钻机、便携式模块化钻机实施“一基多孔”,采用背包钻实施“以钻代槽”,通过优选环保型冲洗液,净化处理废弃冲洗液,控制临时占地规模等具体措施。与传统机场规格相比占地面积减少了80%~85%,临时便道修筑减少了60%~65%,工后复垦复绿达到了80%以上。通过绿色勘查成本费用分析,人员、临时用地（青苗）补偿、绿色环保材料及复垦复绿等费用成本总和降低了40%左右。最后探索实践了绿色勘查工作保障措施,对下一步绿色勘查工作提出了建议,为加强绿色勘查工作理念、完善相关的制度法规、激发绿色勘查工作活力提供了积极的导向。  相似文献   

基于锂离子电池储能技术的便携式钻机研制与应用          下载免费PDF全文

谭春亮  渠洪杰  彭新明  卢倩  张沁瑞  岳永东  苏兴涛  祝强 《探矿工程》2021,48(S1):361-365

锂离子电池作为现代文明中重要的能量载体被广泛且大量地使用。浅层钻探是一种重要的浅表层调查取样手段,将锂离子电池储能技术应用于便携式钻机的研发,可解决山区、林草区等特殊地貌区防火期内调查取样的难题,实现浅钻调查零碳排,助力绿色勘查发展;本文重点介绍了锂电池电动钻机的技术参数、特点及试验情况,该机型具有体积小、质量轻、无噪音、无污染,主要钻进参数可显示、可调控,钻进数据可采集、可存储等特点,锂离子电池储能技术在便携式钻机中的应用为浅钻装备数字化、信息化和智能化发展奠定了基础。  相似文献   

NURE航空计划回顾与新时代航空γ能谱勘查启示     

李敬敏  米耀辉  骆遥 《物探与化探》2021,(2):394-402

国家铀资源评价(NURE)计划实现了覆盖美国本土和阿拉斯加的1∶250000 NTMS图幅航空γ能谱测量和航磁测量,通过简要回顾该计划历程,重点针对NURE中航空地球物理勘查(航空γ能谱和航磁测量),讨论了航空地球物理勘查中测量技术、数据处理及解释方法等。NURE航空测量在铀矿勘查和辐射环境评价、洲际航空地球物理编图等领域发挥了巨大作用,产生了意义深远的影响。在总结NURE航空测量经验和做法的基础上,针对我国航空γ能谱测量勘查现状,建议从国家层面进行顶层设计,尽快实施我国陆域范围内的航空γ能谱和航磁框架性测量,实现对我国陆域航空γ能谱测量全覆盖,建设具有中国特色的航空γ能谱测量与监测体系。  相似文献   

Inter‐laboratory Characterisation of Apatite Reference Materials for Chlorine Isotope Analysis     

Alicja Wudarska  Ewa S&#x;aby  Michael Wiedenbeck  Jaime D. Barnes  Magali Bonifacie  Neil C. Sturchio  Grard Bardoux  Frdric Couffignal  Johannes Glodny  Linnea Heraty  Timm John  Christof Kusebauch  Sathish Mayanna  Franziska D. H. Wilke  Ewa Deput 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2021,45(1):121-142

Here we report on a set of six apatite reference materials (chlorapatites MGMH#133648, TUBAF#38 and fluorapatites MGMH#128441A, TUBAF#37, 40, 50) which we have characterised for their chlorine isotope ratios; these RMs span a range of Cl mass fractions within the apatite Ca₁₀(PO₄)₆(F,Cl,OH)₂ solid solution series. Numerous apatite specimens, obtained from mineralogical collections, were initially screened for ³⁷Cl/³⁵Cl homogeneity using SIMS followed by δ³⁷Cl characterisation by gas source mass spectrometry using both dual‐inlet and continuous‐flow modes. We also report major and key trace element compositions as determined by EPMA. The repeatability of our SIMS results was better than ± 0.10‰ (1s) for the five samples with > 0.5 % m/m Cl and ± 0.19‰ (1s) for the low Cl abundance material (0.27% m/m). We also observed a small, but significant crystal orientation effect of 0.38‰ between the mean ³⁷Cl/³⁵Cl ratios measured on three oriented apatite fragments. Furthermore, the results of GS‐IRMS analyses show small but systematic offset of δ³⁷Cl_SMOC values between the three laboratories. Nonetheless, all studied samples have comparable chlorine isotope compositions, with mean 10³δ³⁷Cl_SMOC values between +0.09 and +0.42 and in all cases with 1s ≤ ± 0.25.  相似文献   

短波红外光谱、X射线荧光光谱、黄铁矿热电性分析在胶东新城金矿田深部找矿中的应用     

邵雪维  彭永明  王功文  赵显勇  唐佳洋  黄蕾蕾  刘晓宁  赵宪东 《地学前缘》2021,28(3):236-251

胶东半岛是我国最重要的金矿集区之一,其矿床是典型受北东向断裂构造(焦家断裂带、三山岛断裂带和招平断裂带),以及次生断裂构造(如望儿山断裂和灵北断裂等)控制的矿床类型。前人在该区域做了大量研究,但主要集中在地表和浅层成矿段,对于深部成矿规律与预测的研究相对较少。新城金矿田是胶东半岛的特大型金矿之一,由新城矿床、曲家矿床和招贤矿床三部分组成。由于受到焦家断裂带控制,在招贤矿区中的科研深钻达到2 500 m以下,为我们研究深部成矿规律提供了良好的样品。本文通过该地区蚀变矿物的短波红外光谱特征(short-wave infrared spectroscopy,SWIR),并结合X 射线荧光光谱(X-ray fluorescence spectrometry,XRF)法和黄铁矿热电性法,选取该地的不同成矿阶段的蚀变岩石和典型载金矿物黄铁矿,并在三维环境中,定量化分析了主要的蚀变矿物——白云母族的短波红外光谱的特征值,揭示其找矿规律与指示意义,进一步提取矿床中蚀变矿物的找矿标志。研究结果表明:(1)在靠近焦家主断裂构造蚀变岩型矿体的位置,伊利石结晶度(≥1.2)和绢云母Al—OH吸收位置(≥2 205 nm)偏高,而在远离焦家主断裂构造蚀变岩型矿体的位置伊利石结晶度和绢云母Al—OH吸收位置偏低,分别为0.2~1.2和2 198~2 205 nm。(2)X 射线荧光光谱结果提取了该地区20种元素含量,通过对元素的主成分分析和聚类分析, Al—OH吸收峰位置偏移与Al、K、Si含量变化有一定相关性。(3)黄铁矿热电性导型在近焦家主断裂构造蚀变岩主要为P型,远离主断裂的主要为N型。在新城矿区的Ⅰ号和Ⅴ号矿体的顶部到底部整体呈现N-P→P→P-N→N→N-P→P-N和P-N→N-P的规律;在招贤矿区中绝大部分是P型。剥蚀度整体处于在25%~50%,因此在新城矿区约-800 m以下和招贤矿区约-1 500 m以下,仍有较好的深部找矿前景。整体上P型黄铁矿成矿温度主要为180~250 ℃,N型成矿温度主要区间值在380~460 ℃;利用温度场进行三维插值建模,其与三维矿体品位模型空间展布趋势一致。本文综合研究方法为深部矿产资源评价提供新的研究思路,将光谱数据、地化数据等多维度信息集成整合,同时使用三维模型可视化功能,对于矿产模型定量化构建具有重要参考价值。  相似文献   

Quantifying 20th century deposition in complex estuarine environment: An example from the Hudson River     

F.O. Nitsche  T.C. Kenna  M. Haberman 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2010

Sediment processes in estuaries are controlled by the interaction of factors that include tides, fresh water inputs, bed morphology, sediment supply, and hydrodynamics. The interaction of these factors strongly influences the pattern of sediment deposition. The ability to quantify sediment deposition on a regional scale will improve the understanding of the underlying processes, and provide valuable information for managing estuarine systems. This paper describes our approach for obtaining the deposition pattern and quantifying the amount of 20th century impacted sediments in the Haverstraw Bay section of the Hudson River Estuary. Through the combination of high-resolution seismic data and rapidly acquired geochemical information from numerous sediment cores, we estimate that our study site experiences an average sediment accumulation rate of ∼3 mm/y and that ∼75,000 t/y or ∼10% of the annual total sediment input measured at the Poughkeepsie, NY gauging station (USGS) is stored in this reach of the Hudson River on ∼100 y timescales. A detailed analysis of the depositional pattern indicates that the accumulation rate varies considerably throughout the study area ranging from non-depositional to >8 mm/y. Our data also clearly indicate that the dredged channel in Haverstraw Bay is currently the main focus of deposition in this area.  相似文献   

Authigenic carbonates from the eastern Black Sea as an archive for shallow gas hydrate dynamics – Results from the combination of CT imaging with mineralogical and stable isotope analyses     

A. Bahr  T. Pape  F. Abegg  G. Bohrmann  T. van Weering  M.K. Ivanov 《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2010

Authigenic carbonates associated with cold seeps provide valuable archives of changes in the long-term seepage activity. To investigate the role of shallow-buried hydrates on the seepage strength and fluid composition we analysed methane-derived carbonate precipitates from a high-flux hydrocarbon seepage area (“Batumi seep area”) located on the south-eastern Black Sea slope in ca. 850 m. In a novel approach, we combined computerized X-ray tomography (CT) with mineralogical and isotope geochemical methods to get additional insights into the three-dimensional internal structure of the carbonate build-ups.  相似文献   

An inexpensive and portable drill rig for bedrock groundwater studies in headwater catchments     

C. P. Gabrielli  J. J. McDonnell 《水文研究》2012,26(4):622-632

Bedrock groundwater dynamics in headwater catchments are poorly understood and poorly characterized. Here, we present an inexpensive and portable bedrock drilling system designed for use in remote locations. Our system is capable of drilling bedrock wells up to 11 m deep and 38 mm in diameter in a wide range of bedrock types. The drill consists of a lawn mower engine adapted to rotate a diamond tipped coring bit, a small water pump to cool and flush the drill bit and a scaffolding platform for stable footing on steep slopes. The complete drilling assembly costs under $ 2000 USD. Here, we show proof‐of‐concept of our approach with 40 successful wells drilled in different geological substrates, including a conglomerate at the Maimai experimental catchment in New Zealand, volcanic breccias at the HJ Andrews experimental watershed in Oregon, USA, sandstone and siltstone at the Alsea watershed in Oregon, USA, and basalt at the Los Gavilanes experimental watershed in Veracruz, Mexico. We also present a transparent comparison between our design and other portable bedrock drilling systems and outline the strengths and weaknesses of each system. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献