论“盐湖农业”   总被引：14，自引：3，他引：14  

郑绵平 《地球学报》1995,16(4):404-418

盐湖的生态系统包括盐水域和环湖盐沼带两个亚系统。当代以盐湖盐藻、卤虫、螺旋藻和盐生植物的研究、开发利用及菌紫膜机制的发现为代表，标志着在人类长期经营淡水－海洋生物与低盐耕地之后，一个崭新的盐水域与盐沼研究开发领域——“盐湖农业”的到来。它既是一种盐水域水产养殖业，又与盐水域周缘盐生生物群密切关连，构成水产。农牧业研究开发“交织”的领域。它是人类索取蛋白质、食物色素等食物和多种工业、科学材料的新领域，是崭露曙光的２１世纪新产业。全球盐湖广布，“盐湖农业”的发展空间宽阔，大力研究和发展“盐湖农业”，变盐湖荒滩为“耕地”，对改善盐湖区环境，对世界人口膨胀、农业生产品的不足和食品短缺，是一个重要补充。  相似文献   

中国石盐矿床之分类   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

魏东岩 《化工矿产地质》1999,21(4):201-208

中国石盐矿产资源丰富 ,不同矿床产出地质背景、成矿条件、时空分布特征、物质组成等不尽相同。按其物相特征划分为固相矿床和液相 (卤水 )矿床两大类。前者根据产出时代及岩相特征划分为第四纪盐湖型、中新生代陆相碎屑岩型和前中生代 (含三叠纪 )海相碳酸盐型等矿床类型 ,根据不同的矿石建造还可作进一步划分。后者又可分为不同时代的地表及地下卤水矿床类型。成岩盆地受构造控制明显。有计划地综合开发利用我国盐类矿产资源有重要意义。  相似文献   

N2-Ar-He systematics and source of ore-forming fluid in Changkeng Au-Ag deposit, central Guangdong, China*     

Xiaoming Sun  David I. Norman  Kai Sun  Binghui Chen  Jingde Chen 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》1999,42(5):474-481

Changkeng Au-Ag deposit is a newly-discovered new type precious metal deposit. N₂-Ar-He systematics studies and³He/⁴He and δD- δ¹⁸O composition analyses show that the ore-forming fluid of the deposit is composed mainly of formation water (sedimentary brine) but not of meteoric water, which was thought to be source of the ore-forming fluid by most previous researchers. The content of mantle-derived magmatic water in the ore-forming fluid is quite low, usually lower than 10%. According to the source of the ore-forming fluid, the Changkeng Au-Ag deposit should belong to sedimentary brine transformed deposits. From the Late Jurassic to the Early Cretaceous Period, with deposition and accumulation of thick sediments in Sanzhou Basin, the formation water in the sedimentary layers was expelled from the basin because of overburden pressure and increasing temperature. The expelled fluid moved laterally along sedimentary layers to the margin of the basin, and finally moved upward along a gently-dipping interlayer fault. Because of a decline in pressure and temperature, ore minerals were deposited in the fault. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 495020291, the Natural Science Foundation of Zhongshan University, the Research Foundation of National Key Laboratory of Metallogenesis in Nanjing University (Grant No. 039704) and the Lingnan Foundation.  相似文献   

四川盆地龙女寺储卤构造深层地下卤水的水文地球化学特征及成因     

周训 《现代地质》1993,7(1):83-92

本文将龙女寺储卤构造深层地下卤水与不同浓缩阶段的黄海水两者的化学组分进行比较,以及对不同储卤层卤水之间的化学组分进行比较,结果表明该储卤构造地下卤水以高矿化度和富含Br,I,Sr,Ba等元素为特征,可分为两种类型,即碎屑岩储卤层的Cl NaCa型卤水和碳酸盐岩储卤层的Cl Na型卤水。前者来源于以陆相为主的同生沉积水,泥岩和页岩的隔膜渗滤作用可能对卤水化学组分的富集有着重要的影响;而后者则来源于海相同生沉积残余卤水,其化学组分主要受蒸发岩沉积的控制  相似文献   

罗布泊富钾卤水矿床地球化学空间分布特征   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

王凯  孙明光  马黎春  汤庆锋  颜辉  张瑜 《地质学报》2020,94(4):1183-1191

罗布泊是我国最重要的成盐成钾盆地之一,富钾卤水资源丰富。在14年的工业开采过程中,不同矿层卤水的地球化学特征持续处于变化中。为了加强对不同矿区富钾卤水的地球化学空间分布特征的认识,合理开发利用卤水资源,本文应用克里金插值法,对2017年采集的89个常观孔卤水样品进行了空间分析,绘制了K~+、Cl~-、Na~+、Mg~(2+)、Li~+、B~(3+)、SO_4~(2-)等值线图,并对其空间分布特征进行了综合分析,结果显示:K~+、Cl~-、Mg~(2+)、Li~+、B~(3+)等离子具有较为一致的分布趋势,其高值区主要分布在罗北凹地及腾龙矿区北部,低值区主要分布于罗北凹地北部及矿区西南部,而SO_4~(2-)分布趋势则相反;由于受周缘地区淡水补给的影响,矿区西南部、北部及东南部出现淡化现象,但是淡水只影响到W_1、W_2层,W_3层未见明显淡化现象;2017年罗布泊矿区K~+平均含量为8.83g/L,除受淡水影响区域外,矿区内大部分地区样品KCl品位均高于1%的工业单独开采品位,与开采前KCl品位相比,目前罗北凹地W_1储层KCl平均品位约下降了9.7%左右。  相似文献   

大汶口盆地岩盐对接井钻探施工工艺研究          下载免费PDF全文

岳盈括 《探矿工程》2020,47(3):31-37，43

大汶口盆地蕴藏着丰富的岩盐资源,岩盐矿矿层埋深较深,上覆地层为古近系巨厚的松散泥岩、砂岩,易发生遇水软化,施工难度较大。山东肥城海晶盐化有限公司实施100万t/年卤折盐采输卤工程,实施卤井7组,每组井深约3000 m。定向对接井要求精准定点造斜、连续造斜。本文介绍了对接井施工中采用的关键施工工艺及MWD无线随钻测斜仪在定向钻进中进行钻井轨迹控制的应用实例。对如何在岩盐地层钻进、螺杆钻具应用、定点造斜等关键技术措施进行了详细阐述,以期为同类型卤水对接井项目施工中提供参考。  相似文献   

Experimental biological effects assessment associated with on-shore brine discharge from the creation of gas storage caverns     

Victor Quintino  Ana Maria Rodrigues  Rosa Freitas  Ana R 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2008,79(3):525-532

Most of the studies on biological and ecological effects associated with brine discharge into the marine environment are related to the operation of desalination plants, for the production of freshwater. In this study we analysed the biological effects of a brine effluent from a completely different source, produced from the lixiviation of rock salt caves, for the creation of natural gas storage caverns. Lethal and sub-lethal endpoints following exposure to the brine were studied in a range of macrofauna species characteristic of the soft and hard bottom habitats in the vicinity of the discharge area, namely the isopod Eurydice pulchra, the annelids Sabellaria alveolata and Ophelia radiata, the sea-urchin Paracentrotus lividus and the bivalve Mytilus galloprovincialis. In a first series of experiments, brine, with salinity above 300, was diluted in distilled water to a salinity value close to that of the seawater in the discharge area (salinity 36) and, surprisingly, none of the exposed species was able to survive or develop into viable larvae. A second series of experiments exposed the species to brine diluted with seawater, simulating more realistic discharge circumstances. All the tested species at all the measured endpoints (adult survival, larval abnormal development, sperm fertilization success) showed negative biological effects in brine solutes always at a lower salinity than that of a salinity control obtained with concentrated seawater. The sub-lethal experiments with larval development of P. lividus, S. alveolata and M. galloprovincialis, and the fertilization success of P. lividus gave EC₅₀ values for the brine solute with salinity in the range of 40.9–43.5, whereas the EC₅₀ values for the concentrated seawater were in the range of salinity 44.2–49.0. It is hypothesised that differences in the ionic composition of the brine cause the inability of the species to tolerate the exposure to brine.  相似文献   

高浓热盐水在胶州湾潮流作用下的输移扩散规律研究     

武雅洁  梅宁  梁丙臣 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2008,38(6)

水电联产已经成为目前大型海水淡化工程的主要建设模式,然而海水淡化过程产生的高浓热盐水直接排海对受纳水体的污染是1个有待解决的重要问题.为建立一个能够较准确地模拟高浓热盐水排入海洋中的输移扩散情况的三维数学模型,用来预测高浓热盐水进入海洋水体后经湍动混合与输移扩散后的时空分布特性,揭示高浓热盐水在潮流作用下的运动及演变规律,进而对排放影响作出分析判断.采用文中建立的数学模型对胶州湾西岸的某电厂高浓热盐水表面排海问题进行数值模拟,研究表明该模型较好地模拟和复演了胶州湾的潮流场和高浓热盐水输移扩散情况,规则半日潮流对浓盐水的输移扩散起着决定性作用,通过比较不同排放口底层温度升高和盐度升高等值线包络面积得出较合理的排放口选址.该模型为合理布置水电联产设备的取水口和排放口位置提供了有效途径,为沿海水电联产产物浓盐水排放后对近海水域的环境污染控制具有一定的实际意义和理论价值.  相似文献   

Fluid evolution and thermal structure in the rapidly exhuming gneiss complex of Namche Barwa–Gyala Peri, eastern Himalayan syntaxis     

D. CRAW  P. O. KOONS  P. K. ZEITLER  W. S. F. KIDD 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》2005,23(9):829-845

High‐grade gneisses (amphibolite–granulite facies) of the Namche Barwa and Gyala Peri massifs, in the eastern Himalayan syntaxis, have been unroofed from metamorphic depths in the late Tertiary–Recent. Rapid exhumation (2–5 mm year^?1) has resulted in a pronounced shallow conductive thermal anomaly beneath the massifs and the intervening Tsangpo gorge. The position of the 300 °C isotherm has been estimated from fluid inclusions using CO₂–H₂O immiscibility phase equilibria to be between 2.5 and 6.2 km depth below surface. Hence, the near‐surface average thermal gradient exceeds 50 °C km^?1 beneath valleys, although the thermal gradient is relatively lower beneath the high mountains. The original metamorphic fluid in the gneisses was >90% CO₂. This fluid was displaced by incursion of brines from overlying marine sedimentary rocks that have since been largely removed by erosion. Brines can exceed 60 wt% dissolved salts, and include Ca, Na, K and Fe chlorides. These brines were remobilized during the earliest stages of uplift at >500 °C. During exhumation, incursion of abundant topography‐driven surface waters resulted in widespread fracture‐controlled hydrothermal activity and brine dilution down to the brittle–ductile transition. Boiling water was particularly common at shallow levels (<2.5 km) beneath the Yarlung Tsangpo valley, and numerous hot springs occur at the surface in this valley. Dry steam is not a major feature of the hydrothermal system in the eastern syntaxis (in contrast to the western syntaxis at Nanga Parbat), but some dry steam fluids may have developed locally.  相似文献   

UV-Vis spectrophotometric and XAFS studies of ferric chloride complexes in hyper-saline LiCl solutions at 25-90 °C     

Weihua Liu  Barbara Etschmann  Leone Spiccia  Brent McInnes 《Chemical Geology》2006,231(4):326-349

The speciation and thermodynamic properties of ferric chloride complexes in hydrothermal solutions and hypersaline brines are still poorly understood, despite the importance of this element as a micronutrient and ore-component. Available experimental data are limited to room temperature and relatively low chloride concentrations. This paper reports results of UV-Vis spectrophotometric and synchrotron XAFS experiments of ferric chloride complexes in chloride concentrations up to 15 m and at temperatures of 25-90 °C. Qualitative interpretation of the UV-Vis spectra shows that FeCl²⁺, FeCl₂⁺, FeCl_3(aq) and FeCl₄⁻ were present in the experimental solutions. As chloride concentrations increase, higher ligand number complexes become important with FeCl₄⁻ predominating in solutions containing more than 10 m at 25 °C. The predominance fields of FeCl_3(aq) and FeCl₄⁻ expand to lower Cl concentrations with increasing T. Both XANES and UV-Vis spectra reveal a major change in the geometry of the complex between FeCl₂⁺ and FeCl_3(aq). EXAFS data confirm that the number of chloride ligands increases with increasing chloride concentration and show that Fe³⁺, FeCl²⁺ and FeCl₂⁺ share an octahedral geometry. FeCl_3(aq) could be either tetrahedral or trigonal dipyramidal, while FeCl₄⁻ is expected to be tetrahedral. EXAFS data support a tetrahedral geometry for FeCl₄⁻, especially at 90 °C, but do not allow to distinguish between a tetrahedral or trigonal dipyramidal geometry for FeCl_3(aq) because of similar Fe-Cl distances. At room temperature, EXAFS data suggest that FeCl_3(aq) may be a mixture of octahedral and tetrahedral or trigonal dipyramidal forms.The room temperature formation constants for three ferric chloride complexes (FeCl₂⁺, FeCl_3(aq) and FeCl₄⁻) determined from the UV data are generally in good agreement with previous studies. Calculations based on the properties extrapolated to 300 °C show that hematite solubility is much higher than previously estimated, and that the high orders complexes FeCl_3(aq) and FeCl₄⁻ are important at high temperatures even in solutions with low chloride concentrations. The accuracy of these properties is limited by a poor understanding of activity-composition relationships in concentrated electrolytes, and by limitations in the available experimental techniques and extrapolation algorithms; however, the inclusion of higher order complexes in numerical models of ore transport and deposition allows for a more accurate qualitative prediction of Fe behaviour in hydrothermal and hypersaline systems.  相似文献