Particle dynamics of Be,Pb and the implications of sedimentation of heavy metals in the Wenjiao/Wenchang and Wanquan River estuaries,Hainan, China     

Dekun Huang  Jinzhou DuJing Zhang 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2011

Radionuclides (i.e., ⁷Be and ²¹⁰Pb) can be used to trace particle and sediment dynamics and to quantify coastal oceanic processes with time scales ranging from a few days to a hundred years. Here, we study the settling dynamics of suspended particles and the implication by sedimentary heavy metals in the Wenjiao/Wenchang River and Wanquan River estuaries through the measurement of the particulate ⁷Be and ²¹⁰Pb nuclides. Activity in the particulate phase had a range of 2.1–54.5 and 4.6–67.9 Bq kg⁻¹ for ⁷Be and excess ²¹⁰Pb (²¹⁰Pb_xs), respectively, in the Wenjiao/Wenchang River estuary. In the Wanquan River estuary, activity is in the range of 1.2–43.5 Bq kg⁻¹ for ⁷Be and 6.2–194.5 Bq kg⁻¹ for ²¹⁰Pb_xs. At the same time, activity in the dissolved phase had a range of 0.46–1.26 and 0.30–1.17 Bq m⁻³ for ⁷Be and ²¹⁰Pb, respectively, in the Wenjiao/Wenchang River estuary; ranges of 0.10–2.31 and 0.09–1.87 Bq m⁻³ for ⁷Be and ²¹⁰Pb, respectively, were observed in the Wanquan River estuary. The distribution coefficients (K_d) for the two nuclides decreased within increased in suspended particle matters (SPM) concentration and/or salinity in Wanquan River estuary. The residence times of particulate ⁷Be and ²¹⁰Pb_xs had ranges of 0.4–1.6 and 1.65–5.15 days, respectively, in the Wenjiao/Wenchang River estuary; and ranges of 0.02–3.2 and 0.61–4.44 days, respectively in the Wanquan River estuary. All residence times for the two nuclides increased in the seaward direction. In the Wenjiao/Wenchang River estuary, we found that 11.8–21.0% of Cu, 3.0–9.0% of Zn and 43.2–69.9% for Cd is removed from the water column and deposited into the estuary, and 24.2–34.8% for Cu, 7.2–23.8% for Zn, and 70.0–82.5% for Cd in the Wanquan River estuary, respectively.  相似文献   

Barnacles as biomonitors of metal contamination in coastal waters     

Pedro A. Reis  Maria Antónia Salgado  Vitor Vasconcelos 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2011

The use of barnacles as biomonitors of metal contamination in coastal waters worldwide is reviewed as a critique compilation of the reported studies and presents resume-tables of available data for future reference. The barnacle body reflects both short and long-term metal level environmental variations and the metal bioaccumulation occurs mainly in their granules (relatively inactive pools). The barnacle body is considered as good biomonitoring material and different barnacle species could bioaccumulate metal concentration ranges of 40–153,000 μg/g of Zn, 20–22,230 μg/g de Fe, 1.5–21,800 μg/g of Cu, 5.9–4742 μg/g of Mn, 0.1–1000 μg/g of Pb, 0.7–330 μg/g of Cd, 0.4–99 μg/g of Ni and 0.2–49 μg/g of Cr. However, as the plates (‘shells’) of barnacle exoskeletons can be affected by metal levels in coastal waters, mainly in their composition and morphology, they are not considered good biomonitoring material. Despite this, the use of a specific barnacle species or group of species in a specific region must firstly be carefully validated and the interpretation of the contaminant bioaccumulation levels should involve specific environmental variations of the region, physiological parameters of the barnacle species and the relationship between the potential toxicity of the contaminant for the environment and their significance for the barnacle species. Barnacles, particularly a widespread cosmopolitan species such as Amphibalanus amphitrite, have a great potential as biomonitors of anthropogenic contamination in coastal waters and have been used worldwide, including Europe (United Kingdom, Turkey, Poland, Croatia, Spain and Portugal), Asia (India and China), Oceania (Australia), North America (Florida, Massachusetts and Mexico) and South America (Brazil). The use of barnacle species as biomonitors of metal contamination in coastal waters is considered an important and valuable tool to evaluate and predict the ecological quality of an ecosystem.  相似文献   

胶州湾滨海湿地中的Li、Rb、Cs、Sr、Ba及碱蓬（Suaeda salsa）对其的“重力分馏”     

宋金明  张默  李学刚  袁华茂  李宁  段丽琴  许思思 《海洋与湖沼》2011,42(5):670-675

通过对胶州湾东北部滨海湿地5个站点盐渍土壤和其上生长的碱蓬中的微量碱金属、碱土金属Li、Rb、Cs、Sr、Ba的系统研究,发现盐渍土壤中Li、Sr和Ba的含量高于我国土壤背景值,Rb、Cs的含量特别是Cs的含量低于我国土壤的背景含量,盐渍土壤中Li/Cs比值和Ba/Sr比值较为接近,并且Li和Cs、Sr和Ba之间具有显...  相似文献   

Biological responses to contaminants in the Humber Estuary: disentangling complex relationships     

García-Alonso J  Greenway GM  Munshi A  Gómez JC  Mazik K  Knight AW  Hardege JD  Elliott M 《Marine environmental research》2011,71(4):295-303

Due to the ecological importance of estuaries, it is necessary to understand the biological effects that potentially toxic contaminants induce in bioindicator species. A key aspect is whether effects at lower levels of biological organisation transfer through the system to higher levels. In understanding such processes, characterising multivariate relationships between contaminants, sediment toxicities and detoxification processes are important. Worms (Hediste diversicolor) and sediments were collected along the Humber Estuary, England, and inorganic and organic contaminants were quantified. Sediment toxicities and glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs) activity in the ragworm were analysed. Concentrations of metals were highest near urban and industrial areas, whereas organic contaminants appeared at upstream locations. GST activity correlated with heavy metals. The genotoxicity, oestrogenicity, dioxin and dioxin-like activity were higher at upstream locations. Oestrogenicity correlated with alkylphenols and some organochlorines, whilst genotoxicity correlated with organochlorines and heavy metals. Despite this, higher level biological responses could not be predicted, indicating that homeostasis is operating.  相似文献   

海南小海表层沉积环境及重金属污染综合评价   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

林钟扬  倪建宇  时连强  姚旭莹  郑旭峰 《海洋学研究》2011,29(2):12-23

利用2008年在海南小海采集的30个表层沉积物样品,对其进行了TP、TN、TOC、石油类和Hg、Cd、Cu、Pb、Zn、Cr、As重金属元素含量的测定,并采用综合污染指数法和潜在生态危害指数法对该区重金属的污染程度进行了评价,结果显示:(1)研究区表层沉积物中TP含量呈中部高沿岸带低的特征,这可能是由于沿岸带初级生产力高于小海中部,所消耗的磷营养盐较多的缘故;TOC和TN的含量则表现为与TP含量分布相反的特征,即沿岸带高而中部低,这可能是由于沿岸带人为活动对小海沿岸碳、氮元素含量的影响较大的缘故。Hg、Cd、Cu、Pb、Zn、Cr和As 7种重金属元素均表现出在小海中部附近海域和北坡镇沿岸带出现高值,而在小海北边入口处和梅开-英豪沿岸带出现低值的分布特征,这可能与在北坡镇附近的工业区排水时向该海域输入了含有这些重金属元素的污染物所致,而其它区域则受工业排污影响较小,也可能与入海口的潮汐水动力的稀释作用有关。(2)研究区综合污染指数(ISQJ)、潜在生态危害污染指数(ERI)的最大值分别为2.283和240.0,平均值也较高,分别达1.494和151.0,各重金属元素的潜在生态危害系数(Eri)大小顺序为:Hg>Cd>Pb>As>Cu>Cr>Zn,反映出研究区将达到中等污染程度的现状,而某些海域的污染程度已达到重污染水平,研究区受Hg和Cd元素污染较为严重。由此可见,小海的沉积环境已受到较为严重的破坏,未来该海域应该重视重金属Hg和Cd元素的污染治理,以避免小海沉积环境的进一步恶化。  相似文献   

深圳铜鼓航道表层沉积物中重金属含量及潜在生态危害   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李壮伟  陈巧弟  罗荣真  陈鸿生  刘文辉 《海洋地质前沿》2011,(9):32-39

根据2009年9月深圳铜鼓航道表层沉积物中重金属含量的调查资料,采用单因子指数法和Hakanson生态风险指数法对其重金属污染特征及潜在生态风险进行了分析和评价.结果表明:重金属含量较低,属于国家一类海洋沉积物;表层沉积物已受到重金属Pb、Zn、As的污染,所有站住重金属综合污染指数均＞5,达到中等污染水平,各重金属污...  相似文献   

Heavy metal distribution in sediments of Muthupettai mangroves, south east coast of India     

B.Thilagavathi  K.Raja  Bandana Das  A.Saravanakumar  S.Vijayalakshmi  T.Balasubramanian 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2011,10(4):385-390

Core sediments from the Muthupettai mangroves on the southeast coast of India were analyzed for soil texture,total nitrogen,organic carbon,phosphorus and heavy metals(Fe,Mn,Cr,Cu,Ni,Pb,Zn and Cd).The distinct seasonal variation in the distribution of metals in the sediments was observed.The minimum concentration was recorded in river mouth and the maximum was in lagoon.High metal concentration in sediment was observed during monsoon and low concentration in summer.The total nu-trient in lagoon and river mouth was recorded in the range of 4.528 to 8.526 mg g-1 for organic carbon,2.213 to 10.5 mg g-1 for nitro-gen and 0.824 to 7.22 mg g-1.  相似文献   

环境因素对港口矿石堆场中矿产品重金属溶出的影响     

王振坤  李学军  冯爽  陈焱  迟杰  曲雯  莫宇清  罗蔷  蒲峰  郭晓满 《岩矿测试》2014,33(2):256-261

随着中国经济发展,港口矿产品堆场重金属溶出作为港口土壤、水体的重要污染源不容忽视,重金属的溶出量与重金属种类有关。本文以天津港口矿石堆场中多类矿石为研究对象,通过静态浸泡实验,根据重金属的溶出情况确定典型矿产品和典型重金属因子,研究了时间、pH和温度对于典型矿产品中重金属溶出的影响。结果表明：铅精矿和铜精矿的重金属溶出量大,铅精矿中的Zn、Pb、Cd和铜精矿中的Ni是典型重金属因子,相应的溶出量比其他重金属高出1~3个数量级。随着时间的增加,铅精矿中Zn、Pb、Cd的溶出浓度增大,而铜精矿中Ni的溶出浓度基本上保持稳定。在pH 3.5~7.5的范围内,铅精矿中Zn、Pb、Cd和铜精矿中Ni的溶出浓度随pH值的变化均无显著性差异,且受pH的影响不大。在20~40℃的温度范围内,铅精矿中Zn、Pb、Cd的溶出浓度大体随温度升高而升高;铜精矿中Ni的溶出浓度则在30℃后呈现下降的趋势。本文初步探究了矿产品中重金属溶出的基本规律,为港口矿石堆场中矿产品重金属溶出的监控和防治提供了数据支持。  相似文献   

自动锤珠机的原理和研制     

李晶  袁心强 《地质科学译丛》2014,(1):70-76

由黄金或铂金制成的空心圆珠和橄榄形珠是一种很常用的首饰件,传统的加工方式中工人的劳动强度大,加工效率低,产品质量受制于工人技术熟练程度;机械式加工设备体积大而笨重,结构复杂,维修麻烦,成本高。为了解决消费市场和首饰加工企业对产品制作质量要求的不断提高与实际生产智能化程度较低之间的矛盾,笔者研制了自动锤珠机。本文基于自主研发的珠形首饰件自动冲压设备,介绍了珠形贵金属首饰件的加工原理与工艺流程,具体分析了冲压成型的加工工序,提取了最优化的加工动作模式,并设计了等效实现机构。最终笔者采用较为先进的自动控制技术实现了自动锤珠机的机械结构设计、电控系统的层次结构分析和搭建,以及控制程序的植入,完成了自动锤珠机的实体总装,充分显示了研究方案的可行性和实用价值。  相似文献   

吉林市某冶炼厂土壤重金属污染风险评价     

禹永乐  刘兆瑛  马哲  徐茁  杜娟娟 《世界地质》2014,33(3):716-722

为了解研究区土壤重金属环境质量状况,对土壤进行样品采集和测试。采用单因子污染指数法和内梅罗(Nemerow)综合污染指数法,依据《土壤环境质量标准》(GB15618--2008)第二级标准对土壤中Ni和Cd的污染状况进行环境风险评价。结果表明,Ni的污染范围主要在距中心点3 000 m范围内,超标点共15个,大部分超标点为轻微污染或轻度污染。个别点存在重度污染和综合污染现象。此外,对土壤重金属超标点位的玉米作物进行测试分析,发现其Ni和Cd含量均不超标,说明土壤的污染程度对于当地的玉米作物没有影响。  相似文献