窄巷FCB估计方法改进及时变特性分析     

李林阳  崔阳  王宇谱  吕志平 《测绘学报》2017,46(1):34-43

窄巷波长相对较短,受观测数据质量和未模型化误差的影响较大,导致参考站计算的窄巷FCB估值的互差较大,窄巷FCB稳定性较差。针对窄巷FCB估值出现较大偏差的参考站,本文提出了基于抗差初值的窄巷FCB抗差估计方法,该方法取当前历元所有参考站窄巷FCB估值的中位数作为抗差初值,采用IGGⅢ方案降低了有偏差的窄巷FCB估值的权比。采用IGS全球跟踪站网的数据进行验证,改进的方法提高了窄巷FCB的精度和稳定性,采用每天估计的一组卫星端的窄巷FCB即可满足窄巷模糊度固定的精度要求。同时,采用本文改进方法估计的窄巷FCB,可以提高用户端仿动态单天解的窄巷模糊度固定成功率和定位精度。  相似文献   

顾及截断偏差影响的TSVD截断参数确定方法     

林东方  朱建军  宋迎春 《测绘学报》2017,46(6):679-688

TSVD通过截断参数截掉较小的奇异值来改善病态性对估计的影响,其本质是通过引入少量偏差来降低方差,以提高估值的稳定性和可靠性。截断参数是影响TSVD解算效果的关键因素,常用的广义交叉核实法(GCV法)和L曲线法未从TSVD改善模型参数估值质量的角度确定截断参数,稳定性和可靠性不足,而最小MSE法理论依据充分但受限于MSE计算的准确性。通过分析TSVD由小到大截掉奇异值后,相应的估值方差与偏差变化,本文提出了引入偏差量小于降低方差量来确定截断参数的思想,并通过估计出较大奇异值截掉后的偏差引入量建立偏差估值可信区间,利用可信区间内偏差估值与方差下降量进行比较,避免较小奇异值截掉后的方差下降量与偏差引入量的直接比较,从而解决参数真值未知截掉较小奇异值引入偏差量难以准确计算的问题。最后通过试验验证了新方法的可行性和有效性,相比于GCV法和L曲线法,新方法确定的截断参数稳定性和可靠性更高,可有效提高TSVD的解算效果。  相似文献   

球面全景影像相对定向与精度验证   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

谢东海  钟若飞  吴俣  符晗  黄小川  孙振兴 《测绘学报》2017,46(11):1822-1829

对传统的5点法相对定向算法的共面误差计算方法进行改进,提出了一种适合球面全景成像特点的相对定向计算流程。与传统方法相同,该算法首先计算本质矩阵,然后对本质矩阵进行奇异值分解得到旋转矩阵和平移矢量的候选解,最后利用重建的物方三维点坐标排除错误解。本文的贡献在于推导了球面全景共面条件公式,并使用点到核线平面的球面距离作为球面全景共面条件的误差项。模拟数据试验显示:当图像特征点的随机噪声在[-0.5,0.5]像素范围内时,3个姿态角的中误差约为0.1°,由相对定向恢复的相对平移量与模拟值的夹角中误差约为1.5°。使用车载全景相机配合POS获取的数据进行试验的结果显示:横滚角和俯仰角的中误差可以达到0.2°以内,航向角的中误差可以达到0.4°以内,由相对定向恢复的相对平移量与POS平移量的夹角中误差可以达到2°以内。采用本文相对定向算法的结果生成球面全景核线影像,提取影像之间同名点坐标并计算其列方向误差,结果显示核线影像同名点列坐标差的中误差在1个像素以内。  相似文献   

动态位姿激光跟踪测量定向解算精度分析     

王欣宇  范百兴  王同合  杨占立  张国龙 《测绘工程》2017,26(3)

激光跟踪仪采用激光干涉测量技术,可对空间运动目标进行跟踪并实时测量其空间三维坐标,具有采样频率高、测量精度高、测量范围大等特点。根据测量对象动态性的特点,对动态位姿测量的需求更加迫切,由多台激光跟踪仪组成的测量系统对目标进行实时动态位姿测量引起人们的关注。文中由3台激光跟踪仪组成动态测量系统,建立测站坐标系,根据空间直角坐标系转换模型统一测量坐标系,提出两种转换参数的计算方法,并通过实验验证两种方法的可行性和精度。  相似文献   

基于半参数最小二乘核估计的卫星精密钟差预报方法     

徐长海  许东升 《测绘工程》2017,26(1)

研究半参数最小二乘核估计模型在精密钟差预报中的应用问题,提出一种基于时间自变量差值累加的窗宽参数计算模型,并通过实验验证该模型的有效性,讨论在不同预报时间长度和已知数据量的情况下模型预报精度。实验表明,与常规模型相比,半参数最小二乘核估计模型在预报精度与稳定性方面都取得较好的效果,可以满足精密单点定位对于精密钟差预报的精度要求。研究成果对于精密单点定位技术的推广普及具有一定的促进作用。  相似文献   

Using pan-sharpened high resolution satellite data to improve impervious surfaces estimation     

《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2017

Impervious surface is an important environmental and socio-economic indicator for numerous urban studies. While a large number of researches have been conducted to estimate the area and distribution of impervious surface from satellite data, the accuracy for impervious surface estimation (ISE) is insufficient due to high diversity of urban land cover types. This study evaluated the use of panchromatic (PAN) data in very high resolution satellite image for improving the accuracy of ISE by various pan-sharpening approaches, with a further comprehensive analysis of its scale effects. Three benchmark pan-sharpening approaches, Gram-Schmidt (GS), PANSHARP and principal component analysis (PCA) were applied to WorldView-2 in three spots of Hong Kong. The on-screen digitization were carried out based on Google Map and the results were viewed as referenced impervious surfaces. The referenced impervious surfaces and the ISE results were then re-scaled to various spatial resolutions to obtain the percentage of impervious surfaces. The correlation coefficient (CC) and root mean square error (RMSE) were adopted as the quantitative indicator to assess the accuracy. The accuracy differences between three research areas were further illustrated by the average local variance (ALV) which was used for landscape pattern analysis. The experimental results suggested that 1) three research regions have various landscape patterns; 2) ISE accuracy extracted from pan-sharpened data was better than ISE from original multispectral (MS) data; and 3) this improvement has a noticeable scale effects with various resolutions. The improvement was reduced slightly as the resolution became coarser.  相似文献   

Where can pixel counting area estimates meet user-defined accuracy requirements?     

《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2017

Pixel counting is probably the most popular way to estimate class areas from satellite-derived maps. It involves determining the number of pixels allocated to a specific thematic class and multiplying it by the pixel area. In the presence of asymmetric classification errors, the pixel counting estimator is biased. The overarching objective of this article is to define the applicability conditions of pixel counting so that the estimates are below a user-defined accuracy target. By reasoning in terms of landscape fragmentation and spatial resolution, the proposed framework decouples the resolution bias and the classifier bias from the overall classification bias. The consequence is that prior to any classification, part of the tolerated bias is already committed due to the choice of the spatial resolution of the imagery. How much classification bias is affordable depends on the joint interaction of spatial resolution and fragmentation. The method was implemented over South Africa for cropland mapping, demonstrating its operational applicability. Particular attention was paid to modeling a realistic sensor's spatial response by explicitly accounting for the effect of its point spread function. The diagnostic capabilities offered by this framework have multiple potential domains of application such as guiding users in their choice of imagery and providing guidelines for space agencies to elaborate the design specifications of future instruments.  相似文献   

GPS动态水汽反演对对流层天顶延迟解算精度分析     

薛骐  熊永良  刘惠涛 《测绘科学》2017,42(1)

针对GPS动态水汽反演过程中对对流层天顶延迟解算精度的评估方法问题,提出了一种利用对流层延迟闭合和附合条件来评估对流层估计精度的方法。通过对PBO观测网中的12个CORS基站以及6个IGS基站的观测数据分析,分别从内符合精度和外符合精度两方面来评估动态对流层解算的精度。在内符合精度的数据处理上,使用事后精密星历,每15s计算一次相对对流层延迟数据。精度满足GPS动态水汽反演对天气预报的基本要求。在外符合精度的数据处理上,使用事后精密星历和超快星历分别对天顶方向对流层延迟进行处理,根据与静态参考值进行比对,两者结果高度吻合。研究结果对GPS动态水汽反演中动态对流层天顶延迟的解算具有重要的参考价值。  相似文献   

基于华浩超算平台几何精校正模块的波段配准研究     

阳俊  张敏  李方方 《测绘与空间地理信息》2017,(1)

KOMPSAT3(阿里郎三号)卫星携带高分辨率0.7 m全色和2.8 m多光谱有效载荷,回访周期短,覆盖范围广,得到了广泛的应用。但由于受太阳辐射、大气干扰、云折射等物理因素的影响,造成波段之间在局部区域图像上发生非线性几何畸变,导致多光谱假彩色合成数据产生重叠现象,严重影响多光谱数据质量。本文针对在极端条件下产生的图像局部非线性几何畸变现象,探索国内外各种波段间配准方法,研究发现基于华浩超算平台的几何精校正算法能很好地达到波段间配准效果,消除了多光谱假彩色合成数据的影像重叠现象。  相似文献   

稳健估计在GNSS高程拟合中的粗差探测     

曹兰杰  陈晓停  汪金花 《测绘与空间地理信息》2017,(1)

由于最小二乘法不能有效地抵抗粗差,而控制点的平面坐标和高程异常值中不可避免地含有误差,对应用最小二乘法和稳健估计法在GNSS高程拟合中的粗差探测进行探讨。通过对不同数量控制点的高程异常观测值中加入粗差,采用两种算法在求解GNSS高程拟合中的精度进行分析比较,并对粗差在稳健估计中的干扰范围进行研究,结果表明,稳健估计具有抵抗多个粗差的能力。  相似文献