困难地区大型工程预选址新方法探讨     

李炼  余代俊  曾涛 《测绘工程》2014,(1):61-64

利用遥感技术进行工程预选址,能够克服困难地区交通不便、环境恶劣等困难,但使用商业遥感影像成本较高,借助Google Earth提供的坐标信息,以及开放网络资源提供的高分辨率遥感影像进行工程预选址能够达到事半功倍的效果。文中利用Google Earth进行二次开发,获取某区域的三维坐标点集,建立数字高程模型。在此基础上,叠加影像制作该区域三维场景,并结合该区域遥感地质解译等相关资料,在三维场景中进行综合分析,实现工程预选址。实验表明,在三维场景中进行选址分析更直观、真实,选址工作更具有针对性,可缩小感兴区范围,节省大量时间。  相似文献   

遥感影像解译样本数据一体化整理方法   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

程滔  ;袁如金  ;高志宏  ;高崟  ;史晓明 《测绘软科学研究》2014,(5):96-100

遥感影像解译样本数据在采集过程中,需要对地面照片、影像实例、样本数据库进行结构化整理,形成数据格式统一、存储结构规范、逻辑关系严密的成果。基于构建的方法模型,提出了一种一体化整理方法,利用Bresenham图形绘制算法,以及栅格、矢量、数据库数据编程接口,解决了各环节自动化处理问题,实现了影像实例采集、地面照片视野范围图形栅格化、数据库信息采集与录入、成果组织与结构化输出等自动控制,从而实现了一体化自动整理。试验表明：提出的方法和研发的软件能显著提高整理效率和质量,可为遥感影像解译样本数据整理提供可靠的技术方法。  相似文献   

ArcGIS支持下高分辨率遥感影像解译效率提高方法     

刘金榜  李建松  柯晓龙  张帆 《测绘信息与工程》2014,(6):54-58

探讨了在Arc GIS支持下提高人机交互解译生产效率的方法和关键技术,包括多用户并发编辑和协同验证的遥感影像解译系统、双重编码策略、基于要素模板的属性自动赋值、拓扑错误避免和批处理。通过2013年全国水土流失动态监测遥感影像解译检验了其合理性和高效性,为提高遥感影像人机交互解译生产效率提供了生产经验。  相似文献   

重、磁、电联合反演在银额盆地定量解释中的应用     

刘建利  李西周  张泉 《物探与化探》2013,(5):853-858

依据大地电磁测深连续二维反演结果初步确定构造与地层,通过综合分析区内物性特征给定地层与岩石的物性参数,建立正演地质一地球物理初始模型,在地质、钻井、地震资料约束下进行重、磁、电联合反演,不断修改地质一地球物理模型和大地电磁测深连续二维反演结果,使重、磁正演数据和实测数据拟合度达到最佳。在银额盆地构造与地层解释中的应用结果表明,重、磁、电联合反演可以有效克服单方法解释的多解性,准确识别地质层位,大大提高定量解释的精度。  相似文献   

构造曲率与振幅曲率在地震资料解释中的应用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李培培  赵汝敏  杨松岭  刘志国  柏冠军 《物探与化探》2013,(5):916-920

通过对曲率属性的分析对比,寻找适合研究区的曲率,从而提高解释的精度和效率。振幅曲率与构造曲率在数学上是相互独立的,通过对地震振幅数据的二阶微分求取可以得到振幅曲率属性。针对断层以及地质异常体在常规地震剖面上表现为同相轴的变化、扭曲、振幅突变等特征,利用曲率属性上表现为线性构造,进行断层以及地质异常体的识别,同时总结了曲率属性在解释应用中应注意的问题。振幅曲率不但能反映构造特征,同时能够突出由地质因素造成的振幅差异,从而反映地质特点,对刻画地质体的轮廓、分层结构、断裂系统等非常有效。应用实例表明,曲率属性能够有效识别出断裂发育分布,利用振幅曲率断层的轨迹,沉积体边界刻画得清晰、连续,利于解释,可减少解释多解性。  相似文献   

新疆托逊航磁异常地面查证多方法综合解译   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杨海 《地质与勘探》2013,49(5):939-944

异常查证的方法种类很多,在查证过程中不可能一一实践,方法选取以及合理综合应用十分复杂并且有严格的特性,需同时考虑地质因素和经济性因素。本文将地面高精度磁法、野外X荧光测量、γ能谱测量等便携、快捷、低成本的方法综合应用于新疆托逊地区航磁异常的查证,发现了三处综合异常区,其中两处是以Cu、Zn为主的多元素异常,均产于负磁异常区并沿断裂带分布,异常强度高、套合好,为矿致异常,对多元素异常区进行踏勘和剥土验证,发现了矿化,对航磁异常查证具有良好的指导意义。  相似文献   

Oligocene–Miocene carbonates and their role for constraining the rifting and collision history of the Dangerous Grounds,South China Sea     

《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2014

The attenuated continental crust of the Dangerous Grounds is located in the southeastern part of the South China Sea. It was affected by unconformities as identified by several authors (Cullen et al., 2010, Hinz and Schlüter, 1985, Hutchison, 2010, Hutchison and Vijayan, 2010). In the northeastern Dangerous Grounds, a prominent reflector in seismic data is associated with the top of a widespread Oligocene to Early Miocene (18–20 Ma) carbonate platform. This reflector and the underlying carbonates can be used to constrain the timing of the unconformities and the rifting history of the Dangerous Grounds. By carefully interpreting seismic reflection lines we trace the platform carbonates based upon their appearance in the seismic image. This platform is continuous in the Palawan–Borneo trough and gets patchy toward the Dangerous Grounds. In the Dangerous Grounds the image of this key reflector changes and here it merely forms the top of a clastic layer. Carbonates remain abundant but mainly as isolated reefs that grew on top of tilted fault blocks. In the southwestern Dangerous Grounds the prominent unconformity sealing the tectonic activity is known as the Middle Miocene Unconformity. This in fact is an Early Miocene unconformity, which represents a sequence boundary in the Borneo–Palawan trough and in various parts of the Dangerous Grounds, while in other parts of the Dangerous Grounds, it represents a major angular unconformity.The unconformity characteristics supplemented with tentative ages indicate that Luconia and the southern Dangerous Grounds were sub-aerial during the Early Miocene, while the Reed Bank, the northern Dangerous Grounds and parts of the central Dangerous Grounds were mostly submerged except for some islands concentrated on the western edge of the Borneo–Palawan trough. This trough is interpreted as a foreland basin where the flexural forebulge provided shallow marine conditions that promoted reef growth. As the carbonate deposition migrated from the Borneo–Palawan trough toward the Dangerous Grounds we suggest that the flexural forebulge provided shallow water conditions for further reef growth on the eastern Dangerous Grounds.  相似文献   

3D seismic analysis of karstified interbedded carbonates and evaporites,Lower Permian Gipsdalen Group,Loppa High,southwestern Barents Sea     

《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2014

This paper presents a detailed seismic analysis of a hitherto undescribed Permian succession interpreted to consist of interbedded anhydrite and carbonate from the northern flank of the Loppa High, western Barents Sea. The Fafner succession forms a locally restricted transgressive unit down-dip on the rotated Loppa High. It is subdivided into four seismic sequences each interpreted to be composed of a basal transgressive anhydrite overlain by highstand carbonates. Fafner seismic sequences 2 and 3 include well-developed buildup complexes which in map view form polygonal patterns.Analysis of attribute maps indicates that the Fafner succession is overprinted by two dissolution systems related to two prominent events of subaerial exposure, creating numerous paleo-sinkholes, breccia-pipes, and collapsed composite cavern systems.The stratigraphical position of the Fafner succession, below the Mid Sakmarian – Artinskian Bjarmeland Group and above the Top Ørn unconformity, resembles that of the Lower Permian Gipshuken Formation on Spitsbergen, and the Fafner succession is thus regarded as its offshore equivalent.  相似文献   

The Davie Fracture Zone and adjacent basins in the offshore Mozambique Margin – A new insights for the hydrocarbon potential     

《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2014

The interpretation of 2-D seismic reflection data provides a modern structural framework including hydrocarbon potential in the present-day stratigraphic and structural traps of both the Davie Fracture Zone and the adjacent Nacala and Angoche basins. Possible stratigraphic traps were identified in submarine fan and channel depositional environments during Cretaceous to Tertiary times. Structural traps are mostly defined within compressional structures formed by a variety of fault-related folds and rift grabens within the Jurassic and Cretaceous successions.The Nacala and Angoche basins form two depressions separated by the Davie compressional zone. This compressional structure is a prominent interior high running approximately north-south. An event of transpression and contraction characterizes the main tectonic setting commonly hosting several detached compressional structures along the western edge of the transform zone.Both basins are associated with the Late Jurassic/Early Cretaceous rifting during the opening of the Mozambique Channel. The Angoche basin is proposed here to have formed by the earliest stage of break-up in mid-Jurassic time. The basin is bounded landward by the Angoche volcanic zone, a dyke swarm branch oriented N64degE forming part of the Karoo and Dronning Maud Land magmatism at c. 180 Ma.Subsequent rifting and break-up led to the drift of East Gondwana southwards along the dextral strike-slip Davie Fracture Zone. At about 150 Ma (Tithonian), East Gondwana appears to have rotated slightly clockwise about a pivot in the proximity of the Angoche basin leading to extension and rifting in the Rovuma basin to the north of the pivot point and compression west of the Davie Fracture Zone to the south. Consequently, the eastern boundary of the Angoche basin was compressed developing a typical growth wedge of massive thrust imbrication structures while extensional tectonics created several depressions and rift-grabens forming the Nacala and Quirimbas basins.Basin stratigraphy is interpreted along seismic reflection lines and correlated to the regional stratigraphic information and wells from the Zambezi Delta and Rovuma basins.  相似文献   

Characteristics and occurrence of submarine canyon-associated landslides in the middle of the northern continental slope,South China Sea     

《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2014

High-resolution and high-density 2-D multichannel seismic data, combined with high-precision multibeam bathymetric map, are utilized to investigate the characteristics and distribution of submarine landslides in the middle of the northern continental slope, South China Sea. In the region, a series of 19 downslope-extending submarine canyons are developed. The canyons are kilometers apart, and separated by inter-canyon sedimentary ridges. Numerous submarine landslides, bounded by headscarps and basal glide surfaces, are identified on the seismic profiles by their distorted to chaotic reflections. Listric faults and rotational blocks in head areas and compressional folds and inverse faults at the toes of the landslides are possibly developed. Three types of submarine landslides, i.e., creeps, slumps, and landslide complexes, are recognized. These landslides are mostly distributed in the head areas and on the flanks of the canyons. As the most widespread landslides in the region, creeps are usually composed of multiple laterally-coalesced creep bodies, in which the boundaries of singular component creep bodies are difficult to delineate. In addition, a total of 77 landslides are defined, including 61 singular slumps and 16 landslide complexes that consist of two or more component landslides. Statistics show that most landslides are of a small dimension (0.53–18.09 km² in area) and a short runout distance (less than 3.5 km). Regional and local slope gradients and rheological behavior of the displaced materials might play important roles in the generation and distribution of the submarine landslides. A conceptual model for the co-evolution of the canyons and the associated landslides in the study area is presented. In the model it is assumed that the canyons are initiated from gullies created by landslides on steeper sites of the continental slope. The nascent canyons would then experience successive retrogressive landsliding events to extend upslope; at the same time canyon downcutting or incision would steepen the canyon walls to induce more landslides.  相似文献