塔东北库鲁克塔格中上寒武统白云岩岩石学、地球化学特征与成因探讨——与加拿大西部盆地惠而浦(Whirlpoolpoint)剖面对比   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

钱一雄  尤东华  陈代钊  卿海若  何治亮  马玉春  田蜜  席斌斌 《岩石学报》2012,28(8):2525-2541

通过对比研究塔里木盆地东北缘库鲁克塔格隆起的乌里格孜塔格剖面与加拿大西部盆地寒武系白云岩的岩石学、地球化学及流体包裹体等特征,阐明了前者经历了三次主要白云岩(化)作用事件.①成岩早期-浅埋藏的粉细晶白云岩作用,Sr为42.75×10-6,Mn为315×10-6 ～506×10-6,Fe为0.2650％ ～0.403％;δ13 CpDB=一0.47‰ ～-0.28‰,δ18OPDB=-7.3‰ ～-7.43‰,87Sr/86Sr=0.71085;平均REE=18.84×10-6,δEu平均为0.66、δCe平均为0.81,估算的形成温度分别为47.6℃和55.12℃;②中(深)埋藏的细晶及中(粗)晶白云岩化作用;Sr为56.27×10-6,Mn为312×10-6,Fe为0.13％;δ13CPDB=-1.5‰,δ18OPDB=-8.5‰,87Sr/86Sr=0.7100; REE=18.08×10-6,δEu平均为0.72、δCe平均为0.77,盐水包裹体中的均一温度平均为108.34℃,盐度变化为4％～13.7％ NaCleqv;③沿裂隙或溶洞形成的粗-巨晶或鞍形的热液白云岩(石)交代充填:Sr为29.1×10-6 ～49.9×10-6,Mn为498×10-6～754×10-6,Fe为0.15％ ～ 1.14％;平均δ13 CPDB=-0.48‰,δ18OPDB=-8.82‰,87Sr/86Sr=0.70996;平均REE=15.08×10-6,δEu平均为0.70、δCe平均为0.78;鞍形白云石中的盐水包裹体的均一温度120～150℃,盐度为5％ ～ 12％ NaCleqv;溶洞中的粗-巨晶白云岩盐水包裹体的均一温度140～180℃,盐度为5％ ～ 18％ NaCleqv;与西加盆地惠而浦(Whirlpool point)剖面典型的热液白云岩相比较,乌里格孜塔格剖面中寒武系白云岩中缝洞中的粗-巨晶及鞍形白云石中的碳氧同位素、稀土总量、轻重稀土比均要高,但有序度、δEu、δCe、盐水包裹体形成温度及盐度相对低;因而推断它与西加盆地典型的岩浆期后热液来源不同,其流体来源于沿深部伸展走滑断裂-再循环地层热卤水,与海西晚期或燕山期-喜马拉雅期强烈挤压后弱伸展引起的二期或以上的压扭-走滑构造有关.  相似文献   

中国区域化探若干基本问题研究：1999—2009   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

奚小环  李敏 《中国地质》2012,39(2):267-282

1999—2009年,中国区域化探发生了根本性改变。主导思想是以地球化学理论为指导研究区域化探方法技术问题和进行矿产资源潜力评价。区域化探方法技术研究的基本要求是最大限度保持原生地球化学分布特征,表生地球化学条件下采样物质问题是区域化探方法研究的核心,样品采集应以代表地质找矿信息的基岩物质成分为原则,在全国范围内最大限度地保持采样物质的一致性。基于成矿地球化学理论建立资源潜力地球化学评价方法和实行地质找矿定量预测,使勘查地球化学从单纯方法手段上升到指导地质找矿的理论高度。主要标志是在全国建立完整的区域化探工作方法技术系统和实行样品分析质量全程监控。在区域化探高精度数据基础上绘制与出版精美的地球化学图集,使区域地球化学图精确地反映地质背景分布与异常特征,促进区域化探数据信息深度开发和利用,建立具有从区域、普查到详查进行全过程独立开展资源调查、评价和预测的方法技术体系和工作程序。区域化探长期支撑中国地质找矿工作,是整个地质找矿工作的先导。随着新一代地区和全国地球化学图的形成,将在基础地质和成矿规律研究以及揭示重大地质事件等方面提供新的发现、新的认识和新的观点,对于未来中国勘查地球化学和整个地质工作产生重要影响。  相似文献   

CASA模型在金沙江流域(云南部分)NPP研究中的应用     

秦瑞  周瑞伍  彭明春  王崇云  彭泽瑜 《山地学报》2014,32(6)

净初级生产力是陆地生态系统碳循环的重要组成部分,对于控制大气CO2的上升有着重要的作用,是生态系统中物质与能量流动研究的基础。采用气象数据、MODIS NDVI数据,运用改进的CASA模型对金沙江流域(云南部分)的净初级生产力进行研究,并分析了其分布格局及影响因素。结果表明:流域初级生产力最大值达到1 382.39 g/m2,平均为719.54 g/m2;在空间分布上,中游[751.21g/(m2·a)]上游[714.42 g/(m2·a)]下游[693.00 g/(m2·a)];流域的净初级生产力有明显的季节变化,表现为干湿季分明,雨季[612.26 g/(m2·a)]的生产力明显高于干季[107.08 g/(m2·a)],秋季又较春季为高;净初级生产力受植被类型、温度、降水等因素的影响明显。用遥感的方法对区域的NPP产量测算已得到了普遍的认可,其研究结果为NPP动态研究和评价生态系统服务功能提供了有效的基础数据。  相似文献   

青藏高原高寒草地净初级生产力(NPP)时空分异(英文)     

张镱锂  祁威  周才平  丁明军  刘林山  高俊刚  摆万奇  王兆锋  郑度 《地理学报(英文版)》2014,(2)

Based on the GIMMS AVHRR NDVI data(8 km spatial resolution) for 1982–2000, the SPOT VEGETATION NDVI data(1 km spatial resolution) for 1998–2009, and observational plant biomass data, the CASA model was used to model changes in alpine grassland net primary production(NPP) on the Tibetan Plateau(TP). This study will help to evaluate the health conditions of the alpine grassland ecosystem, and is of great importance to the promotion of sustainable development of plateau pasture and to the understanding of the function of the national ecological security shelter on the TP. The spatio-temporal characteristics of NPP change were investigated using spatial statistical analysis, separately on the basis of physico-geographical factors(natural zone, altitude, latitude and longitude), river basin, and county-level administrative area. Data processing was carried out using an ENVI 4.8 platform, while an ArcGIS 9.3 and ANUSPLIN platform was used to conduct the spatial analysis and mapping. The primary results are as follows:(1) The NPP of alpine grassland on the TP gradually decreases from the southeast to the northwest, which corresponds to gradients in precipitation and temperature. From 1982 to 2009, the average annual total NPP in the TP alpine grassland was 177.2×1012gC yr-1(yr represents year), while the average annual NPP was 120.8 gC m-2yr-1.(2) The annual NPP in alpine grassland on the TP fluctuates from year to year but shows an overall positive trend ranging from 114.7 gC m-2yr-1in 1982 to 129.9 gC m-2yr-1in 2009, with an overall increase of 13.3%; 32.56% of the total alpine grassland on the TP showed a significant increase in NPP, while only 5.55% showed a significant decrease over this 28-year period.(3) Spatio-temporal characteristics are an important control on annual NPP in alpine grassland: a) NPP increased in most of the natural zones on the TP, only showing a slight decrease in the Ngari montane desert-steppe and desert zone. The positive trend in NPP in the high-cold shrub-meadow zone, high-cold meadow steppe zone and high-cold steppe zone is more significant than that of the high-cold desert zone; b) with increasing altitude, the percentage area with a positive trend in annual NPP follows a trend of"increasing-stable-decreasing", while the percentage area with a negative trend in annual NPP follows a trend of "decreasing-stable-increasing", with increasing altitude; c) the variation in annual NPP with latitude and longitude co-varies with the vegetation distribution; d) the variation in annual NPP within the major river basins has a generally positive trend, of which the growth in NPP in the Yellow River Basin is most significant. Results show that, based on changes in NPP trends, vegetation coverage and phonological phenomenon with time, NPP has been declining in certain places successively, while the overall health of the alpine grassland on the TP is improving.  相似文献   

Spatial and temporal variability in the net primary production of alpine grassland on the Tibetan Plateau since 1982简   总被引：7，自引：4，他引：3  

ZHANG Yili  QI Wei  ZHOU Caiping  DING Mingjun  LIU Linshan  GAO Jungang  BAI Wanqi  WANG Zhaofeng  ZHENG Du 《地理学报(英文版)》2014,24(2):269-287

Based on the GIMMS AVHRR NDVI data （8 km spatial resolution） for 1982-2000, the SPOT VEGETATION NDVI data （1 km spatial resolution） for 1998-2009, and observa- tional plant biomass data, the CASA model was used to model changes in alpine grassland net primary production （NPP） on the Tibetan Plateau （TP）. This study will help to evaluate the health conditions of the alpine grassland ecosystem, and is of great importance to the pro- motion of sustainable development of plateau pasture and to the understanding of the func- tion of the national ecological security shelter on the TP. The spatio-temporal characteristics of NPP change were investigated using spatial statistical analysis, separately on the basis of physico-geographical factors （natural zone, altitude, latitude and longitude）, river basin, and county-level administrative area. Data processing was carried out using an ENVI 4.8 platform, while an ArcGIS 9.3 and ANUSPLIN platform was used to conduct the spatial analysis and mapping. The primary results are as follows： （1） The NPP of alpine grassland on the TP gradually decreases from the southeast to the northwest, which corresponds to gradients in precipitation and temperature. From 1982 to 2009, the average annual total NPP in the TP alpine grassland was 177.2x1012 gC yrl（yr represents year）, while the average annual NPP was 120.8 gC m^-2 yr^-1. （2） The annual NPP in alpine grassland on the TP fluctuates from year to year but shows an overall positive trend ranging from 114.7 gC m^-2 yr^-1 in 1982 to 129.9 gC m^-2 yr^-1 in 2009, with an overall increase of 13.3%; 32.56% of the total alpine grassland on the TP showed a significant increase in NPP, while only 5.55% showed a significant decrease over this 28-year period. （3） Spatio-temporal characteristics are an important control on an- nual NPP in alpine grassland： a） NPP increased in most of the natural zones on the TP, only showing a slight decrease in the Ngari montane desert-steppe and desert zone. The positive trend in NPP in the high-cold shrub-meadow zone, high-cold meadow steppe zone and high-cold steppe zone is more significant than that of the high-cold desert zone; b） with in- creasing altitude, the percentage area with a positive trend in annual NPP follows a trend of ＂increasing-stable-decreasing＂, while the percentage area with a negative trend in annual NPP follows a trend of ＂decreasing-stable-increasing＂, with increasing altitude; c） the varia- tion in annual NPP with latitude and longitude co-varies with the vegetation distribution; d） the variation in annual NPP within the major river basins has a generally positive trend, of which the growth in NPP in the Yellow River Basin is most significant. Results show that, based on changes in NPP trends, vegetation coverage and phonological phenomenon with time, NPP has been declining in certain places successively, while the overall health of the alpine grassland on the TP is improving.  相似文献   

Simulating alpine vegetation net primary productivity by remote sensing in Qinghai Province,China     

Ya-xing Wei  Li-wen Wang 《山地科学学报》2014,11(4):967-978

Primary productivity of ecosystem is important indicator about ecological assessment. Remote sensing technology has been used to monitor net primary productivity （NPP） of ecological system for several years. In this paper, the remotely sensed NPP simulation model of alpine vegetation in Qinghai Province of Tibet Plateau was set up based on the theory of light use efficiency. Firstly a new approach based on mixed pixels and Support Vector Machine （SVM） algorithm were used to correct simulated NPP values derived from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer （MODIS） data. Finally, spatial distribution and monthly variation characteristics of NPP in Qinghai Province detail. The result showed in 2006 were analyzed in that NPP of vegetation in Qinghai Province in 2006 ranged from o to 422 gC/m2/a and the average NPP was 151 gC/m2/a. NPP gradually increased from northwest to southeast. NPP of different vegetation types were obviously different. The average NPP of broad-leaved forest was the largest （314 gC/m2/a）, and sparse shrub was the smallest （101 gC/m2/a）. NPP in Qinghai Province significantly changed with seasonal variation. The accumulation of NPP was primarily in the period （from April to September） with better moist and heat conditions. In July, the average NPP of vegetation reached the maximum value （43 gC/m2）. In our model, the advantage of traditional LUE models was adopted, and our study fully considered typicalcharacteristics of alpine vegetation light use efficiency and environmental factors in the study area. Alpine vegetation is the most important ecological resource of Tibet Plateau, exactly monitoring its NPP value by remote sensing is an effective protection measure.  相似文献   

Sensitivity of the Terrestrial Ecosystem to Precipitation and Temperature Variability over China          下载免费PDF全文

SUN Guo-Dong 《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):382-387

In this study, the sensitivities of net primary production （NPP）, soil carbon, and vegetation carbon to precipitation and temperature variability over China are discussed using the state-of-the-art Lund-Potsdam-Jena dynamic global vegetation model （LPJ DGVM）. The im- pacts of the sensitivities to precipitation variability and temperature variability on NPP, soil carbon, and vegeta- tion carbon are discussed. It is shown that increasing pre- cipitation variability, representing the frequency of ex- treme precipitation events, leads to losses in NPP, soil carbon, and vegetation carbon over most of China, espe- cially in North and Northeast China where the dominant plant functional types （i.e., those with the largest simu- lated areal cover） are grass and boreal needle-leaved for- est. The responses of NPP, soil carbon, and vegetation carbon to decreasing precipitation variability are opposite to the responses to increasing precipitation variability. The variations in NPP, soil carbon, and vegetation carbon in response to increasing and decreasing precipitation variability show a nonlinear asymmetry. Increasing pre- cipitation variability results in notable interannual variation of NPP. The sensitivities of NPP, soil carbon, and vegetation carbon to temperature variability, whether negative or positive, meaning frequent hot and cold days, are slight. The present study suggests, based on the LPJ model, that precipitation variability has a more severe impact than temperature variability on NPP, soil carbon, and vegetation carbon.  相似文献   

Quantification of biogeomorphic interactions between small-scale sediment transport and primary vegetation succession on proglacial slopes of the Gepatschferner,Austria     

Stefan Haselberger  Lisa-Maria Ohler  Robert R. Junker  Jan-Christoph Otto  Thomas Glade  Sabine Kraushaar 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2021,46(10):1941-1952

Proglacial slopes provide suitable conditions for observing the co-development of abiotic and biotic systems. The frequency and magnitude of geomorphic processes and plant composition govern this interplay, which is described in the model of biogeomorphic succession. In high mountain environments, this model has only been tested in a limited number of studies. The study aimed to quantify small-scale sediment transport via erosion plots along a plant cover gradient and to investigate the influence of sediment transport on plant communities. We aimed to generate quantitative data to test existing biogeomorphic models. Small-scale biogeomorphic interactions were investigated on 30 test plots of 2 × 3 m size on proglacial slopes of the Gepatschferner (Kaunertal) in the Austrian Alps during the snow-free summer months over three consecutive years. The experimental plots were established on slopes along a plant cover gradient. A detailed vegetation survey was carried out to capture biotic conditions, and specific sediment yield was measured at each plot. Species abundance and composition at each site reflected successional stages. Additional environmental parameters, such as terrain age, geomorphometry, grain size distribution, soil nutrients, and precipitation, were also included in the analyses. We observed two pronounced declines in geomorphic activity on plots with both above 30% and above 75% plant cover. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling showed distinct clusters of vegetation composition that mainly followed a successional gradient. Sites that were affected by high-magnitude geomorphic events showed different environmental conditions and species communities. Quantified process rates and observed species composition support the concept of biogeomorphic succession. The findings help to narrow down a biogeomorphic feedback window.  相似文献   

Advance and application of lake optics research     

张运林秦伯强  陈伟民 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2005,23(3):284-290

The mainstreams of lake optics research in recent decades include optical properties of lakewater,observation, transmission and calculation of underwater radiation, determination of absorption coefficient S of yellow substance, influence of UV-B radiation of lake primary productivity by bio-optical model. Major lake optics applications, such as calculation of lake primary productivity and chl-a, analysis of factors restricting eutrophication, and protection against lake eutrophication are summarized.  相似文献   

Modeling the interannual variability and trends in gross and net primary productivity of tropical forests from 1982 to 1999   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Kazuhito Ichii  Hirofumi Hashimoto  Ramakrishna Nemani  Michael White 《Global and Planetary Change》2005,48(4):314

The role of tropical ecosystems in global carbon cycling is uncertain, at least partially due to an incomplete understanding of climatic forcings of carbon fluxes. To reduce this uncertainty, we simulated and analyzed 1982–1999 Amazonian, African, and Asian carbon fluxes using the Biome-BGC prognostic carbon cycle model driven by National Centers for Environmental Prediction reanalysis daily climate data. We first characterized the individual contribution of temperature, precipitation, radiation, and vapor pressure deficit to interannual variations in carbon fluxes and then calculated trends in gross primary productivity (GPP) and net primary productivity (NPP). In tropical ecosystems, variations in solar radiation and, to a lesser extent, temperature and precipitation, explained most interannual variation in GPP. On the other hand, temperature followed by solar radiation primarily determined variation in NPP. Tropical GPP gradually increased in response to increasing atmospheric CO₂. Confirming earlier studies, changes in solar radiation played a dominant role in CO₂ uptake over the Amazon relative to other tropical regions. Model results showed negligible impacts from variations and trends in precipitation or vapor pressure deficits on CO₂ uptake.  相似文献