Effects of variable winds on biological productivity on continental shelves in coastal upwelling systems     

Louis W. Botsford  Cathryn A. Lawrence  Edward P. Dever  Alan Hastings  John Largier   《Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography》2006,53(25-26):3116

The production and distribution of biological material in wind-driven coastal upwelling systems are of global importance, yet they remain poorly understood. Production is frequently presumed to be proportional to upwelling rate, yet high winds can lead to advective losses from continental shelves, where many species at higher trophic levels reside. An idealized mixed-layer conveyor (MLC) model of biological production from constant upwelling winds demonstrated previously that the amount of new production available to shelf species increased with upwelling at low winds, but declined at high winds [Botsford, L.W., Lawrence, C.A., Dever, E.P., Hastings, A., Largier, J., 2003. Wind strength and biological productivity in upwelling systems: an idealized study. Fisheries Oceanography 12, 245–259]. Here we analyze the response of this model to time-varying winds for parameter values and observed winds from the Wind Events and Shelf Transport (WEST) study region. We compare this response to the conventional view that the results of upwelling are proportional to upwelled volume. Most new production per volume upwelled available to shelf species occurs following rapid increases in shelf transit time due to decreases in wind (i.e. relaxations). However, on synoptic, event time-scales shelf production is positively correlated with upwelling rate. This is primarily due to the effect of synchronous periods of low values in these time series, paradoxically due to wind relaxations. On inter-annual time-scales, computing model production from wind forcing from 20 previous years shows that these synchronous periods of low values have little effect on correlations between upwelling and production. Comparison of model production from 20 years of wind data over a range of shelf widths shows that upwelling rate will predict biological production well only in locations where cross-shelf transit times are greater than the time required for phytoplankton or zooplankton production. For stronger mean winds (narrower shelves), annual production falls below the peak of constant wind prediction [Botsford et al., 2003. Wind strength and biological productivity in upwelling systems: an idealized study. Fisheries Oceanography 12, 245–259], then as winds increase further (shelves become narrower) production does not decline as steeply as the constant wind prediction.  相似文献   

Beneath the surface: Characteristics of oceanic ecosystems under weak mixing conditions – A theoretical investigation     

Aike Beckmann  Inga Hense   《Progress in Oceanography》2007,75(4):771-796

This study considers an important biome in aquatic environments, the subsurface ecosystem that evolves under low mixing conditions, from a theoretical point of view. Employing a conceptual model that involves phytoplankton, a limiting nutrient and sinking detritus, we use a set of key characteristics (thickness, depth, biomass amplitude/productivity) to qualitatively and quantitatively describe subsurface biomass maximum layers (SBMLs) of phytoplankton. These SBMLs are defined by the existence of two community compensation depths in the water column, which confine the layer of net community production; their depth coincides with the upper nutricline. Analysing the results of a large ensemble of simulations with a one-dimensional numerical model, we explore the parameter dependencies to obtain fundamental steady-state relationships that connect primary production, mortality and grazing, remineralization, vertical diffusion and detrital sinking. As a main result, we find that we can distinguish between factors that determine the vertically integrated primary production and others that affect only depth and shape (thickness and biomass amplitude) of this subsurface production layer. A simple relationship is derived analytically, which can be used to estimate the steady-state primary productivity in the subsurface oligotrophic ocean. The fundamental nature of the results provides further insight into the dynamics of these “hidden” ecosystems and their role in marine nutrient cycling.  相似文献   

Size-Fractionated Primary Production Estimated by a Two-Phytoplankton Community Model Applicable to Ocean Color Remote Sensing   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Takahiko?KamedaEmail author  Joji?Ishizaka 《Journal of Oceanography》2005,61(4):663-672

In order to estimate primary production from ocean color satellite data using the Vertical Generalized Production Model (VGPM; Behrenfeld and Falkowski, 1997), we propose a two-phytoplankton community model. This model is based on the two assumptions that changes in chlorophyll concentration result from changes of large-sized phytoplankton abundance, and chlorophyll specific productivity of phytoplankton tends to be inversely proportional to phytoplankton size. Based on the analysis of primary production data, P _opt ^B , which was one parameter in the VGPM, was modeled as a function of sea surface temperature and sea surface chlorophyll concentration. The two-phytoplankton community model incorporated into the VGPM gave good estimates in a relatively high productive area. Size-fractionated primary production was estimated by the two-phytoplankton community model, and P _opt ^B of small-sized phytoplankton was 4.5 times that of large-sized phytoplankton. This result fell into the ranges observed during field studies.  相似文献   

Respiratory Rate and Assessment of Secondary Production in the Holothuroid Holothuria tubulosa (Echinodermata) from Mediterranean Seagrass Beds     

Pierre  Coulon  Michel  Jangoux Patrick  Bulteel 《Marine Ecology》1992,13(1):63-68

Abstract. Respiration in Holothuria tubulosa was investigated in individuals from the Posidonia oceanica meadow off Lacco Ameno (Ischia Island, Italy). Respiratory rates increase with increasing body weight and increasing sea water temperature. Oxygen consumption of an average individual (7g dw body wall) ranges from 0.409 (14 °C) to 1.300 (26 °C) mg O₂· h^-1. Data on population density, mean size of individuals, and annual sea water temperature variations allow an assessment of holothuroid production. Values of 45.65 and 13.75 kJ · m^-2· y^-1 were calculated for shallow (3 to 10 m) and deep (25 to 33 m) areas of the Posidonia meadow, respectively. Holothuroid production shows a bathymetric pattern similar to primary production of the Posidonia -epiphytes complex and the production of Posidonia litter.  相似文献   

低分子量肝素的制备及其结构与活性差异(英文)     

于广利  管华诗  徐家敏  王群 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2001,31(5):673-680

低分子肝素作为一种抗血栓的多糖药物在临床中已应用了二十多年 ,目前已作为外科预防血栓形成药物 ,并在治疗急性静脉栓塞紊乱方面取代了未分级肝素。因肝素的来源和制备的方法不同使低分子肝素的精细结构不同 ,低分子肝素结构的复杂性 ,使得各产品的生物活性 ,例如抗蛋白酶活性不同 ,从而导致其临床使用的标准不同。该文将对低分子肝素的制备方法及其结构和抗蛋白酶活性的差异进行报导  相似文献   

一种准确通用的台风路径预报模式   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

朱敬海  潘杰丽 《海洋预报》2007,24(1):69-74

应用天气学理论,对台风云图的晴空区轴线制约台风移动的规律进行物理解释。根据台风云团与晴空区之间存在的干、湿梯度力和推动台风前进的惯性力的互相关系,建立台风移向预报方程和轨迹预报方程,分析论证了台风移向变化的物理过程,把影响台风移动的复杂因子转化为单一的预报因子。  相似文献   

东南亚10°—25°N,105°—130°E海区热带风暴异常路径的分析     

谢玲娟 《台湾海峡》1994,13(4):346-352

本文４１ａ（１９４９－１９８９年）的资料，对东南亚１０°－２５°Ｎ，１０５°－１３０°Ｅ范围７－９月出现的热带风暴异常路长进行了普查统计和气候分析。结果表明：产生异常路径热风暴的机率约占区域内热带风暴总数的２０％；异常路径的产生与热带风暴所处的地理位置，季节，环下等因素有关。正确地考虑气候规律和具体的天气条件相结合是预报带式风暴异常路径成败的关键。  相似文献   

断阶型潜山带地质模型的建立及储层预测--以CG20潜山为例     

姜素华  王永诗  张家震  王军 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2004,34(3):437-445

以 CG2 0潜山为例 ,从建立地质模型入手 ,包括地层模型、构造模型、储集模型、储盖组合模型、速度模型等 ,认识到各套地层分布和储层物性的差异均与地震响应密切相关 ,因此可以利用地震波的信息 ,预测潜山储层的发育及分布情况。在对 CG2 0潜山进行精细全三维构造解释的基础上 ,探讨性地应用了测井约束反演、吸收系数、相干分析及三维模式识别等技术 ,对潜山储层进行了预测 ,从而提高了潜山勘探的效益 ,并为类似断阶型潜山带的勘探提供了成功的经验 ,具有一定的指导意义。  相似文献   

海洋中二甲基硫的生物生产与消费过程   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

杨桂朋  康志强  景伟文 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2006,36(1):42-48

DMS是海洋中最主要的挥发性有机硫化物,对全球气候变化和环境酸化产生重要影响。DMS的生物生产与消耗主要发生在海洋真光层。生物的生产与消耗被认为是海洋中DMS的主要来源和去除途径。海洋中DMS的生物生产和消耗是密切相关的,两者的速率基本保持平衡。目前,有关DMS生物生产与消费速率的测定方法有放射性同位素示踪和加抑制剂2种,后者颇受青睐,不过有关抑制机理还需进一步的研究。  相似文献   

Dynamics and Variability of Terra Nova Bay Polynya   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Giannetta Fusco  Daniela Flocco  Giorgio Budillon  Giancarlo Spezie  Enrico Zambianchi 《Marine Ecology》2002,23(S1):201-209

Abstract. We present a process study on the dynamics and variability of the Terra Nova Bay polynya in the western sector of the Ross Sea. The air-sea heat exchange is known to be particularly large in polynya during the winter, when differences between air and sea temperatures are large. We apply a 1-D model (Pease, 1987; Van Woert, 1999a, 1999b), which is modified in the latent heat parameterisation in order to account for time-dependent relative humidity and cloud coverage. Furthermore, the Ice Collection Depth is correlated linearly with a variable wind speed. The model is forced with two different meteorological data sets: the operational analysis of the European Center for Medium Range Weather Forecasts atmospheric data set and the meteorological parameters measured by an Automatic Weather Station located on the coast of Terra Nova Bay. The results are compared in terms of polynya extension, ice, and High Salinity Shelf Water production. According to the two different wind velocities, the results obtained from the different data sets clearly differ. Qualitatively, however, the results are in good agreement.  相似文献