Relationships between spatial and non-spatial preferences and place-based values in national forests     

《Applied geography (Sevenoaks, England)》2013

The management of multiple-use public lands such as national forests in the U.S. is controversial because of the wide range of potential uses and contested public values for these lands. Previous research on national forest values and management preferences examined these relationships non-spatially. The development of public participation GIS (PPGIS) and volunteered geographic information (VGI) systems provide new opportunities to assess spatial relationships between perceived national forest values and preferred uses. This research used empirical data collected from a PPGIS/VGI study for three national forests in California to examine spatial and non-spatial relationships between place-based forest values and preferred uses. The relationships suggest public participants translated some of their non-spatial forest values and preferences into behavioral choices when mapping place-specific values and preferred uses. The empirical relationships between place-based forest values and uses were generally consistent with previous survey research results. Positive, non-spatial attitudes toward extractive uses of national forests were correlated with participant mapping of economic values and related extractive uses, while nonmaterial forest attitudes were correlated with participant mapping of amenity values and conservation-related uses. Further, spatial preferences for extractive forest uses such as timber harvesting were mapped proximate to economic values, while nonmaterial spatial preferences were mapped proximate to amenity-related forest values. PPGIS offers the potential to translate philosophical and ideology-based national forest preferences into place-specific discourse about forest management activities where public accommodation may be more achievable.  相似文献   

ASSESSMENT ON THE COMMONWEAL VALUES OF WETLANDS   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

CUI Li-juan  PAN Li-li  Zhang Yan-bo 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2000,10(4):371-376

1THECOMPOSITIONOFWETLANDS'COMMONWEALVALUESThematterflow,energyflowandinformationflowgeneratedfromnaturalcapitalofwetlandsformecosystemcommonwealvalues.Theflowsaswellasartificialcapitalandlaborcapitalcommonlygeneratehumanitywelfare(COSTANZAetal.,1997).Generallyspeaking,thevaluesofwetlandsmaybedividedintothreetypes:directproductionvalues,valuesbroughtwithbiologicalfunctionsofwetlandsecosystem,andattributivevaluesaspartofsocialmakeup(BARBIER,1997).Thesevaluescannotallbeembod…  相似文献   

Problems with identifying the ‘8200‐year cold event’ in terrestrial records of the Atlantic seaboard: a case study from Dooagh,Achill Island,Ireland     

Katie Head  Chris S. M. Turney  Jon R. Pilcher  J. G. Palmer  M. G. L. Baillie 《第四纪科学杂志》2007,22(1):65-75

The Northern Hemisphere cooling event 8200 years ago is believed to represent the last known major freshwater pulse into the North Atlantic as a result of the final collapse of the North American Laurentide ice sheet. This pulse of water is generally believed to have occurred independently of orbital variations and provides an analogue for predicted increases in high‐latitude precipitation and ice melt as a result of anthropogenically driven future climate change. The precise timing, duration and magnitude of this event, however, are uncertain, with suggestions that the 100‐yr meltwater cooling formed part of a longer‐term cold period in the early Holocene. Here we undertook a multiproxy, high‐resolution investigation of a peat sequence at Dooagh, Achill Island, on the west coast of Ireland, to determine whether the 8200‐year cold event impacted upon the terrestrial vegetation immediately ‘downwind’ of the proposed changes in the North Atlantic. We find clear evidence for an oscillation in the early Holocene using various measures of pollen, indicating a disruption in the vegetation leading to a grassland‐dominated landscape, most probably driven by changes in precipitation rather than temperature. Radiocarbon dating was extremely problematic, however, with bulk peat samples systematically too young for the North Atlantic event, suggesting significant contamination from downward root penetration. The sustained disruption to vegetation over hundreds of years at Dooagh indicates the landscape was impacted by a long‐term cooling event in the early Holocene, and not the single century length 8200‐year meltwater event proposed in many other records in the North Atlantic region. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Ecological indices tracking distinct impacts along disturbance-recovery gradients in a temperate NE Atlantic Estuary – Guidance on reference values     

Heliana Teixeira  Fuensanta Salas  João M. Neto  Joana Patrício  Rute Pinto  Helena Veríssimo  José A. García-Charton  Concepción Marcos  Angél Pérez-Ruzafa  João C. Marques 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2008

Results gathered from a monitoring programme on the Mondego Estuary (Western Coast of Portugal) were compliant with findings drawn from other studies, which pointed out that unstable environments, namely estuarine systems, constitute a great challenge for the use of environmental tools such as ecological indices. The Margalef Index, the Shannon–Wiener Index and AMBI were proposed to evaluate the ecological status of benthic communities in the scope of the European Water Framework Directive (WFD) in Portugal and other European member states. In this system these indices were not equally effective in tracking changes in benthic communities that expressed obvious responses to anthropogenic disturbances (eutrophic situations and severe physical disturbance) and to subsequent impacts' cessation. Natural variability played an important role on the indices' response, with estuarine gradient and habitat heterogeneity affecting the ranges of values obtained, and with extreme climate events slowing down the ongoing recovery process. Nonetheless, both natural and anthropogenic variability during the study period could be satisfactorily detected if we accounted for the information provided by all three indices. Based on the whole range of variation observed (a) as a response to different kinds of impacts, and (b) along recovery gradients, as well as accounting for the natural driving forces acting upon estuarine benthic invertebrate communities, we propose a set of reference values for these three indices. This proposal aims at contributing to the implementation of classification tools within the scope of the European WFD.  相似文献   

试论价值观与语言相融合的文化教学对跨文化意识的培养     

李莹 《广东海洋大学学报》2006,26(2):135-138

随着科技的不断进步，跨文化交际日益频繁，如何在外语教学中培养学习者的跨文化意识已成为外语教育者研究的新课题。试从文化的核心——价值观入手，以文化语言融合教学观为理论基础，提出价值观与语言相融合的文化教学新模式，以期培养学习者的跨文化意识。  相似文献   

Competing Place Meanings in Complex Landscapes: A Social–Ecological Approach to Unpacking Community Conservation Outcomes on the Wild Coast,South Africa     

Vanessa Masterson  Maria Tengö  Marja Spierenburg 《社会与自然资源》2017,30(12):1442-1457

Despite a general awareness of the social–ecological complexities within which conservation interventions are embedded, approaches to understanding a diversity of local perspectives of heterogeneous landscapes and how they matter for the outcomes of these interventions are seldom demonstrated. We apply a social–ecological approach to exploring the multiple place meanings related to key landscape elements around a proposed community conservation intervention on the Wild Coast, South Africa, by identifying and analyzing three narratives about this impending change. These narratives mobilize competing meanings of the landscape to argue for or against the conservation project. By linking place meanings to locally defined landscape units (ecotopes), we engage multiple interpretations of the heterogeneous and changing landscape to gain a holistic and more inclusive picture of social–ecological landscape processes such as increasing woodlands and field abandonment. The obstruction of this particular intervention indicates the importance of engaging with multiple cultural values of nature.  相似文献   

Selenium and heavy metals content in some Mediterranean soils   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

L. Roca-Perez  C. Gil  M.L. Cervera  A. Gonzálvez  J. Ramos-Miras  V. Pons  J. Bech  R. Boluda 《Journal of Geochemical Exploration》2010

The study of metal contents in industrial, agricultural or/and polluted soils compared with natural or unpolluted soils is currently necessary to obtain reference values and to assess soil contamination. Nonetheless, very few works published appear in international journals on elements like Se, Li and Sr in Spanish soils. This study determines the total levels of Se, Li, Sr, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, V, Zn, Fe, Mn and Ba in 14 natural (unpolluted) soils (Gypsisols, Leptosols, Arenosols and Acrisols), 14 agricultural soils (Anthrosols, Fluvisols and Luvisols), and 4 industrial–urban affected-surface soil horizons (Anthrosols and Fluvisols) of Eastern Spain. The geochemical baseline concentrations (GBC) and reference values (RV) have been established, and the relationships among elements and also between soil properties and elemental concentrations have been analysed. The RV obtained in this study were (mg kg⁻¹): Se 2.68, Li 115, Sr 298, Cd 0.97, Co 35, Cr 217, Cu 46, Ni 50, Pb 137, V 120, Zn 246, Fe 124,472, Mn 2691, and Ba 743. The RV for Se and Li were used as a preliminary approach to assess soil contamination in Spanish soils. The results confirm human impact on Sr, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn soil concentrations, but evidence no deviation from natural Se, Li, Co, V, Fe, Mn and Ba concentrations. The results obtained from the statistical analysis reveal significant correlations between some elements and clay and soil organic matter (SOM) contents, indicating that metal concentrations are controlled by soil composition. One particularly interesting finding is the high correlation coefficients obtained between SOM and Se, Cd, Cr, V, Fe, and Mn, and between clay and Cd, Zn, V, Fe and Mn. Once again, these facts confirm the role of SOM and clay minerals in soil functions and that soil is an ecosystem element responsible for maintaining environmental quality.  相似文献   

海河平原北部地区土壤地球化学基准值与环境背景值   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

曹峰  李瑞敏  王轶  马忠社  郭海全  赵更新  曹淑萍  李文伟 《地质通报》2010,29(8):1215-1219

以北京市、天津市、河北省多目标区域地球化学调查(1:25万)取得的数据为基础,遵循地球化学基准值与环境背景值的概念,根据不同的沉积条件将研究区(即海河平原北部地区)划分为3个统计单元,运用标准化方法,即对土壤表层数据反复剔除异常数据后,通过其他元素与惰性元素Ti的相关关系分别计算得出各指标土壤的基准值;通过对土壤深层数据反复剔除异常数据后,获得了34项指标的平均值、标准离差和变异系数,并以此表征背景值。以上研究为区域土壤环境质量评价与监测预警提供了科学依据。  相似文献   

Landscapes of transhumance in Norway and Spain: Farmers' practices,perceptions, and value orientations     

《Norsk geografisk tidsskrift. Norwegian journal of geography》2012,66(4):248-258

The mountain areas of Europe have been of vital importance in the system of summer farming whereby the movement of livestock between different altitudinal levels is a key element. However, summer farming has been downscaled considerably during the 20th century. The article describes two areas where summer farming is still practised: Forollhogna in Norway, and Asturias in Spain. The authors document the transhumance system in the two areas, and investigate how farmers view the summer farming system and landscape, how they relate to nature protection, and whether specific value orientations can be detected in their views. The findings show that the logic behind summer farming is the same in both areas: economic motivation and access to grazing grounds. With regard to nature and landscape protection, the opinion that wild nature is given priority and that ‘managed nature’ of transhumance is overlooked was found in both areas, although it was expressed more strongly in Asturias than in Forollhogna. Opinions and ideals related to ‘good farming’ were found in both contexts, and were reflected in well-kept fields and productive and healthy livestock.  相似文献   

可持续城市理念下新城市主义社区规划的价值观   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张侃侃  王兴中 《地理科学》2012,(9):1081-1086

从空间公正与价值尊严等方面对新城市主义社区规划的价值观进行研究,阐述其基本理念和规划原则。通过上述原理的分析,明确了新城市主义社区规划的社会价值观和空间价值观的内涵,前者涉及人本性、空间多样性、社区平等感和社会环境协调性4个层面,后者则体现在重视公共区域的阶层平等可进入性、提高混合居住的社会平等空间的宜居性和以强制性的宜居环境标准提升社会的平等性。最后,对新城市主义社区规划价值观的理论和实践性进行批判性的审视,并尝试性地提出解决实践中普遍存在的空间不公正问题的对策。  相似文献