Paleo-productivity evolution across the Permian-Triassic boundary and quantitative calculation of primary productivity of black rock series from the Dalong Formation,South China   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

SHEN Jun  ZHOU Lian  FENG QingLai  ZHANG MuHui  LEI Yong  ZHANG Ning  YU JianXin  GU SongZhu 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2014,57(7):1583-1594

The change of the primary productivity across the Permian-Triassic boundary(PTB)remains controversial.In this study,records from two deep-water sections in South China(Xiakou and Xinmin sections)show the primary productivity decreased gradually from the latest Permian to the earliest Triassic,and five evolutionary stages Increase-Decrease-Recovery-RecessionStagnation)can be observed from Clarkina changxingensis-C.deflecta to Hindeodus parvus-Isarcicella isarcica zones.Primary productivity decreased abruptly from the base of C.meishanensis zone.Besides,for adjusting to the deterioration of the oceanic environment,the primary producers in the oceanic surface had changed to acritarch and cyanobacteria,which were more tolerant of stressful environment.Then the producers were under huge stagnation in the H.parvus-I.isarcica zone.The values of quantitative calculation of the primary productivity from the black rock series in the Dalong Formation were very high,corresponding to that of an upwelling area in modern ocean,which shows that the strata of the Dalong Formation in the study region are potential hydrocarbon source-rocks.This result may come from the fact that South China craton was located at the equatorial upwelling area during the Permian-Triassic transitions.But organic matter contents were different in various sections because they could be affected by redox conditions and diagenesis process after burial.  相似文献   

Weathering phases recorded by gnammas developed since last glaciation at Serra da Estrela, Portugal     

David Domínguez-Villar  Laura Razola  Rosa M. Carrasco  Carrie E. Jennings  Javier Pedraza 《Quaternary Research》2009,72(2):218-228

The morphometrical analysis of gnammas (weathering pits) in granite landscapes has been used to establish the relative chronology of recent erosive surfaces and to provide the weathering history in a region. To test the validity of gnammas as relative chronometer indicators, and the reliability of the obtained weathering record, two sites have been studied in Serra da Estrela, Portugal. The first site is within the limits of the glacier that existed in these mountains during the last glaciation, whereas the second site is located in an unglaciated sector of the mountains, which preserves a longer record of weathering in the bedrock surface. The number of gnamma weathering phases recorded in the latter site (8) is larger than those from the former (6). Correlation between both measurement stations based on morphometrical criteria is excellent for the younger six weathering phases (1 to 6). Consequently, the parameter used for relative chronology (δ-value) has been verified to be age dependent, although absolute values are modulated by microclimate due to altitude variations. The weathering record was essentially duplicated once the surfaces at both sites were exposed, demonstrating the reliability of gnamma evolution as a post-glacial environmental indicator for the region.  相似文献   

I/(Ca+Mg)作为指示碳酸盐沉积氧化还原条件的重要指标: 研究进展与问题评述^*          下载免费PDF全文

尚墨翰  汤冬杰  史晓颖  魏昊明  刘安琪 《古地理学报》2018,20(4):651-664

海水氧化还原条件显著影响真核生物的起源与早期演化,但以往有关早期海水氧化还原条件研究的对象,主要依赖相对深水的细粒碎屑岩沉积(如黑色页岩),而对真核生物集中分布的浅水环境中的碳酸盐岩关注不够且手段缺乏。这显著制约了对真核生物起源与早期演化机理的认识。近年来,有学者提出碳酸盐岩的I/(Ca+Mg)值可作为反映海洋氧化还原条件的重要指标,并将其广泛应用于海相碳酸盐岩的古氧相研究中。该指标的提出主要基于对现代海洋碘组分的观测以及室内方解石合成实验结果: 观测结果表明,海水中的碘主要以氧化态(IO₃^-)和还原态(I^-)2种形式存在,随着氧含量的下降(如在氧极小带),氧化态的碘被逐步转换为还原态的碘,且海水中的IO₃^-浓度与海水氧含量大体呈正相关。实验研究证明,IO₃^-可按一定的分配系数进入到碳酸盐矿物晶格中,但I^-则不能。由于IO₃^-/I^-的还原势能与O₂/H₂O的还原势能接近,因此I/(Ca+Mg)值是最早响应海洋氧含量下降的指标之一,可用于表征深时(如前寒武纪)次氧化环境中表层海水的氧含量波动。此外,学者们也尝试建立I/(Ca+Mg)值与氧含量之间的半定量关系,如I/(Ca+Mg)值大于0和2.5μmol/mol这两个临界值所对应的海水氧含量。结合大量现代缺氧水体和氧极小带中碘组分与溶解氧浓度相关关系的研究,作者提出I/(Ca+Mg)=1.5μmol/mol为重要的临界值之一,可用于限定初级生产力在表层海水中所能产生的最大氧浓度值(~10 μM),并能进一步区分海水和大气的氧化。此外,对I/(Ca+Mg)值的应用进展及潜在问题进行评述,并对可能的发展方向进行展望。  相似文献   

鄱阳湖历史时期水面扩张和人类活动的环境指标判识   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

项亮 《湖泊科学》1999,11(4):289-295

湖周人类活动,尤其是土地利用方式的变化,是导致湖泊沉积环境指标变化的重要因素之一。本文通过１９９７－１９９８年间对鄱阳湖西部湖湾洼寺－大汊湖沉积记录中同位素年代,粒度,磁化率和有机碳等环境指标的分析,并对比历史文献记录,探讨了该地环境变化与人类活动的相互关系及环境指标的响应。  相似文献   

Precipitation as a proxy for climate variables: application for hydrological modelling   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Ayan Fleischmann  Fernando Fan  Bruno Collischonn  Walter Collischonn  Paulo Pontes  Anderson Ruhoff 《水文科学杂志》2019,64(3):361-379

It has been proposed that linear regression curves can be used to estimate monthly climate variables from observed precipitation. This approach was explored by applying the MGB hydrological model to the Paraná Basin (Brazil). Linear regressions were obtained for 54 climate gauges, and most of them showed at least six months of significant correlation between monthly climate variables (sunlight hours and relative humidity) and precipitation. The regression equations were applied to 5201 raingauges to estimate monthly climate variables and evapotranspiration, and the results were compared with a scenario using long-term climate averages only. The main differences occurred in wetter periods, where negative correlations between monthly precipitation and evapotranspiration were obtained when using precipitation as a proxy. Long-term changes in the hydrological regime were assessed and showed that the effect of precipitation on relative humidity and sunlight hours seems to have a minor effect on the alterations observed in river discharge in the Paraná Basin.  相似文献   

铬稳定同位素地球化学     

王相力  卫炜 《地学前缘》2020,27(3):78-103

随着多接收质谱仪分析技术的进步,铬稳定同位素体系在最近二十几年的环境科学和地球化学中得到了越来越广泛的应用。铬元素属于氧化还原敏感元素,在氧化还原反应过程中伴随着较大的同位素分馏。因此,铬同位素在指示现代或古代环境的氧化还原状态方面有着重要的应用。同时,铬也是中度相容和轻度亲铁元素,使得铬稳定同位素体系也可用来制约高温地质过程(如核幔分异、地幔熔融和岩浆分异结晶等)以及地外行星的演化。本综述首先介绍铬稳定同位素体系,随后讲述分析方法、铬同位素分馏原理以及铬同位素在高温、低温地球化学中的应用。  相似文献   

中国中世纪暖期气候研究综述   总被引：16，自引：8，他引：8  

高建慧  刘健  王苏民 《地理科学》2006,26(3):376-383

中世纪暖期是2000年来全球最重要的气候事件之一,关于中世纪暖期的研究,主要是通过各种代用资料重建气候序列。从目前的研究来看,能敏感响应环境变化的高分辨率的信息载体主要有冰芯、树轮、历史文献、湖泊沉积及石笋等。随着代用资料的开发,对于中世纪暖期的研究已经取得了丰硕的成果,但在中世纪暖期是否具有全球性,不同区域的起讫时间、增温幅度、内部波动以及成因机制等问题上还存在一定争议。主要原因是受重建资料敏感性与地域性限制,加上不同代用指标对气候变化敏感性的差异以及不同代用资料的方法、气候与环境意义等存在差异,定年存在误差。在中国,从对重建资料的整理分析来看,对于"中国是否存在中世纪暖期"这个问题,各研究者们没有达成一致的看法;对于中国中世纪暖期冷暖变化的研究,由于区域差异,东部重建资料以历史文献为主,而西部关于历史气候环境的相关记载很少,所以重建资料以冰芯、湖芯、树轮等为主。大多数的研究结果认为,西部的冷暖变化与东部有着明显的差异,其中最主要的是东部在900~1300 A. D.存在明显的温暖期,而西部则暖期不如东部明显。今后为了更加全面深入的了解中世纪暖期气候特征,应加强各种代用指标高分辨率序列的积累和定量化研究、各种代用指标和重建序列的综合集成研究及其与古气候模拟结果的比较研究,以期从动力学角度加深理解中世纪暖期的区域响应差异。  相似文献   

过去全球变化研究中环境地球化学进展   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

郭进义 《地质科学》1998,33(3):374-379

由于自然档案中稳定同位素组成对气候变化的有效指示作用,环境地球化学研究对古全球变化研究起着十分重要的作用,长期以来被看成古全球变化科学的基石。本文从时间尺度、空间尺度和气候驱动因素等方面的环境地球化学研究,论述了近年来取得的一些新进展。  相似文献   

泥炭沉积与气候变化的泥炭记录     

鲍锟山  王国平  赵红梅  邢伟  吕宪国 《地层学杂志》2012,(1):97-108

气候变化是影响全球泥炭沼泽分布和演化的最重要的因子之一,而泥炭地由于自身的特点成为过去气候变化的良好地质档案。在介绍泥炭沉积过程及不同类型的泥炭沼泽的发育特点基础上,从过去气候变化的常用泥炭记录和泥炭地碳记录等方面总结了国际上针对泥炭地反演气候变化研究的若干重要进展,重点剖析了泥炭腐殖化度、植物残体、有壳变形虫、生物标志化合物、同位素和孢粉等泥炭地过去气候变化重建的代用指标的适用范围和优缺点,同时也分析了泥炭地碳累积和碳循环等热点研究问题。最后从泥炭地作为过去气候变化的记录档案、泥炭地对现在气候变化的响应与反馈及在泥炭地进行现场气候变化监测与实验等方面对泥炭地与气候变化研究进行了展望。  相似文献   

Glacial and Holocene terrestrial temperature variability in subtropical east Australia as inferred from branched GDGT distributions in a sediment core from Lake McKenzie     

Martijn Woltering  Pia Atahan  Kliti Grice  Henk Heijnis  Kathryn Taffs  John Dodson 《Quaternary Research》2014

Branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether (GDGT) distributions observed in a sediment core from Lake McKenzie were utilized to quantitatively reconstruct the pattern of mean annual air temperature (MAAT) from coastal subtropical eastern Australia between 37 and 18.3 cal ka BP and 14.0 cal ka BP to present. Both the reconstructed trend and amplitude of MAAT changes from the top of the sediment core were nearly identical to a local instrumental MAAT record from Fraser Island, providing confidence that in this sediment core branched GDGTs could be used to produce a quantitative record of past MAAT. The reconstructed trend of MAAT during 37 to 18.3 cal ka BP and timing of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) in the Lake McKenzie record were in agreement with previously published nearby marine climate records. The amplitude of lower-than-present MAAT during the LGM potentially provides information on the latitude of separation of the Tasman Front from the East Australian current in the subtropical western Pacific. The Lake McKenzie record shows an earlier onset of near modern day warm temperatures in the early Holocene compared to marine records and the presence of a warmer than present day period during the mid-Holocene.  相似文献