Testing technologies and strategies for exploration in Australian Mars analogues: A review     

Michael D. West  Jonathan D.A. Clarke  Jennifer H. Laing  David Willson  James M.A. Waldie  Matilda Thomas 《Planetary and Space Science》2010,58(4):658-670

Australia is an ideal testing ground in preparation for the robotic and human exploration of Mars. Numerous sites with landforms or processes analogous to those on Mars are present and the deserts of central Australia provide a range of locations for free-ranging Mars analogue mission simulations. The latest developments in testing technologies and strategies for exploration in Australian Mars analogues are reviewed. These include trials of analogue space suits based on mechanical counter pressure technology and the development of an analogue, crewed, pressurized rover for long-range exploration. Field science activities and instrumentation testing relevant to robotic and future crewed missions are discussed. Australian-led human factors research undertaken during expeditions to Mars analogue research stations and expeditions to Antarctica are also reviewed. Education and public outreach activities related to Mars analogue research in Australia are also detailed.  相似文献   

Distribution of fluoride in surface water and a health risk assessment in the upper reaches of the Yongding River     

Wang  Tao  Shao  Zhijiang  Yu  Hui  Bah  Hamidou 《地理学报(英文版)》2020,30(6):908-920

The excessive exposure to high concentrations of fluoride in drinking water can lead to a serious disease called fluorosis. The upstream region of the Yongding River is an ecological protection area for Beijing. Some studies have reported that there is a high concentration of fluoride in the groundwater in this area. However, there are few data on the distribution of fluoride in surface water and health risk assessments in this area. In this study, the fluoride concentrations were determined by using the spectrophotometric method using data from 2013 to 2017 from 9 surface water quality monitoring stations in the upper reaches of the Yongding River. The health risks of fluoride were assessed using the approach developed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency(US EPA). The results indicated that the fluoride content in the drinking water ranged from 0.30 to 1.50 mg L~(-1), with an average of 0.86 mg L~(-1). In total, 22.7% of the analyzed samples exceeded the Chinese limit of 1.0 mg L~(-1) for fluoride, and 5.5% of samples had less than the permissible limit of 0.5 mg L~(-1). Higher fluoride concentrations and fluorosis hotspots were found to be predominately located downstream of the Yanghe River close to the Guanting Reservoir, where 71.4% of samples exceeded the limit of 1.0 mg/L~(-1). The spatial distribution of high fluoride concentrations was found to be primarily determined by industry. The hazard quotient(HQ) index for children, teenagers and adults indicated that 19.6%, 15.6%, and 5.1% of the samples in the upper reaches of the Yongding River, respectively, posed health hazards to the associated groups. Furthermore, the HQ index more than 1 for children, teenagers and adults had values of 64.3%, 56.1%, and 19.4%, respectively, in samples from the downstream region of the Yanghe River. Therefore, there are potential risks of dental and skeletal fluorosis in the upper river reaches of the Yongding River. It is imperative to take measures to reduce the fluoride pollution in surface water and control fluorosis. Action should be taken to improve the disposal of industrial waste.  相似文献   

污染场地健康风险评价述评     

孙金华  马建华 《气象与环境科学》2011,34(4):72-78

首先介绍了污染场地（场地是一定范围内的土壤、地下水、地表水、大气和生物的总和）健康风险评价产生的背景;然后从风险评价理论与方法、重金属与有机物污染及健康风险评价实例、污染场地环境管理等方面综述了国内外研究现状;最后系统分析了目前我国污染场地健康风险评价中存在的5大问题,并对其未来的发展趋势进行了展望。  相似文献   

北京市社会公众防震减灾科普认知、需求调查研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

邹文卫  洪银屏  翁武明  林素菊 《国际地震动态》2011,(6):15-31

为全面系统地评价防震减灾科普效果、准确分析公众的防震减灾科普需求,在2010年上半年开展了面向北京市公众的防震减灾科普现状及需求调查研究.结果表明,58.4%的公众接受过防震减灾科普知识宣传,不同人群接受程度不一;公众对地震预报仍抱有较大的期望,大学生和农民的防震减灾科普知识水平较低;电视、报纸杂志和网络是目前公众获取...  相似文献   

An overview of climate change impacts on the society in China     

Yong-Jian Ding  Chen-Yu Li  Xiaoming WANG  Yan Wang  Sheng-Xia Wang  Ya-Ping Chang  Jia Qin  Shao-Ping Wang  Qiu-Dong Zhao  Zeng-Ru Wang 《Chemie der Erde / Geochemistry》2011,71(2):210-223

Society could sustain the impact of climate change by adapting to the change and mitigating risks from adverse effects of increasing changes, so that it can continue maintaining its prospect and improving wellbeing. Nevertheless, climate change is more or less affecting society's functions at different scales, including both individuals and communities. In this review, we discuss the relationship between society and climate change in China from the aspects of the needs at different socioeconomic developing stages. The relationship as well as the current spatial pattern and future risks of the climate change impacts on societies are summarized. The complexity of social and climatic systems leads to the spatial heterogeneity of climate impacts and risks in China. To more effectively leverage increasing knowledge about the past, we advocate greater cross-disciplinary collaboration between climate adaption, poverty alleviation and Nature-based Solutions (Nbs). That could provide decision makers with more comprehensive train of thoughts for climate policy making.  相似文献   

基于柔度矩阵法的钢栈桥损伤识别     

杨开荣  周晶  冯新 《地震学刊》2011,(6):642-647

根据以往模态柔度损伤指标的研究成果,建立了模态柔度差曲率和模态柔度曲率差这2种结构损伤识别指标。通过对一个百米钢栈桥最容易发生损伤的下弦梁进行各种损伤工况下的数值模拟研究,比较分析了这2种结构损伤指标的损伤识别效果。并且在钢栈桥2根下弦梁都有损伤的情况下,对两者之间损伤识别效果的相互影响进行了研究。研究结果表明,本文提出的2种损伤识别指标,对空间复杂钢栈桥的易损下弦梁都有很好的损伤识别效果,2根下弦梁的损伤识别具有较好的独立性。  相似文献   

Analysis on public transportation influences on real estate development in East Lansing     

Xiaoxiao Wang  Jie Yan 《地球空间信息科学学报》2011,14(1):73-78

The purpose for this article is to research the relationship between public transportation and real estate based on the area of East Lansing.Two methods are mainly used to analyze the data:correlation analysis and means analysis with the help of Statistical Package for the Social Sciences(SPSS) data analyzing software.There are two analysis results:(1) the real estate,which is closer to public transportation,will have higher value than that is far from public transportation,and(2) the number of bus in one bus stop has no obvious relation with the value of real estate.Based on these results,real estate developers could build residential real estate close to public transportation or bring public transportation in their real estate community by contract with transportation corporations.In sum,they should reasonably use public transportation as attractive features to convince people to prefer to their houses.  相似文献   

Web2.0地图制图的信息生态理论研究     

王世民  赵晶辉  尹章才 《测绘科学》2011,36(4):78-79,42

针对Web2.0地图的开放性和公众参与性给地图信息带来的污染等问题,本文首先总结了地图模型的演化规律,并利用信息生态学原理,结合Web2.0地图的特点,提出地图信息生态概念.在传统地图模型基础上扩展地图信息环境,建立了基于人-图-环境系统的地图信息生态模型,并分析了其特点.从地图信息生态理论的角度,分析了目前主要Web...  相似文献   

大型公共建筑应急疏散救援系统构建     

崔健  张子民  蔡菲  于明洋 《测绘科学》2011,36(4):46-47,248

公共建筑要求更高的安全性,应急救援系统是保障建筑安全的重要因素.本研究以GIS作为基础,构建了一个面向大型公共建筑应急的疏散救援系统.分别从系统整体框架、系统构建流程,以及主要功能方面对系统进行了介绍.开发的系统可为大型公共建筑的应急工作提供有效的信息支持和决策辅助,可为类似系统的开发提供借鉴.  相似文献   

基于云平台的遥感信息公共服务研究     

石永阁  边馥苓 《测绘软科学研究》2011,9(3):26-29

云平台作为云计算服务的基础架构,在计算机网络的基础上提供各种计算资源的统一管理和动态分配。文章提出的基于云平台的遥感信息公共服务,就是借助云平台先进的基础架构和管理方式,构建快速有效的遥感信息公共服务,推进遥感信息的应用和遥感信息事业的进步。文章在引进云平台技术的基础上,分析遥感信息公共服务平台的架构和关键技术,并对服务平台的应用前景和进一步研究进行展望。  相似文献