柴达木盆地东部石炭系烃源岩热模拟实验及生烃潜力   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

邱军利  妥进才  张明峰  雷天柱  夏燕青 《煤田地质与勘探》2011,39(3):24-28

通过热模拟实验及热模拟产物组分和稳定碳同位素分析,对柴达木盆地东部石炭系烃源岩的生烃能力及产物特征进行了研究。结果表明:石炭系烃源岩的气态烃产率为67.27～161.01m3/t(TOC),总气体产率为220.51～453.39m3/t(TOC),显示柴达木盆地东部石炭系烃源岩具有较高的生气能力;液态有机质产率仅为1.73～4.30kg/t(TOC),残余生油能力相对较低,但考虑到石炭系烃源岩的成熟度已经接近生油窗的下限值(1.3%),因此模拟实验的液态有机质产率不能真实反映石炭系烃源岩的生油潜力。根据模拟实验的气态烃产率可知,柴达木盆地东部石炭系泥质烃源岩的生气强度为14.2×108～42.5×108 m3/km2,显示其具备形成规模气藏的生烃条件。   相似文献   

安太堡露天矿煤岩有机显微组分的热解特性     

林建英  李文英  冯杰  谢克昌 《地球化学》2004,33(4):400-404

对安太堡露天矿气煤的三种基本煤岩有机显微组分的热解特性和氮元素的变化规律进行了考察.煤岩显微组分用等密度梯度离心分离法进行富集,煤岩显微组分的热解特性采用热重分析仪在400～900℃温度条件下进行分析,热解焦的结构用红外光谱分析仪进行分析,氮元素的变化规律用元素分析仪进行分析.实验得到如下结果:由于其结构不同,安太堡露天矿气煤的三种有机显微组分热解特性有显著差异,在400℃下,稳定组的总挥发分产率最高,高达34%,而惰质组只有其十分之一,随着热解温度的升高,三种显微组分的活性差异逐渐减小;热解焦的结构也发生了很大变化,随热解温度增高,焦中的脂肪氢、醚键的吸收峰逐渐变小,芳香核吸收向低频移动;焦中的元素摩尔比C/H逐渐增加,C/N在800℃时有最小值;显微组分焦脱氮率随温度升高而增加,和热解反应性有区别,稳定组热解脱氮率最高,镜质组最低.  相似文献   

Geochemical characteristics of pyrolysis gas from epimetamorphic rocks in the northern basement of Songliao Basin,Northeast China     

《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2008,(Z1)

The Xushen gas field,located in the north of Songliao Basin,is a potential giant gas area for China in the future.Its proved reserves have exceeded 1000×10 8 m 3 by the end of 2005.But,the origin of natural gases from the deep strata is still in debating.Epimetamorphic rocks as a potential gas source are widely spreading in the northern basement of Songliao Basin.According to pyrolysis experiments for these rocks in the semi-confined system,gas production and geochemistry of alkane gases are discussed in this paper.The Carboniferous-Permian epimetamorphic rocks were heated from 300℃to 550℃,with temperature interval of 50℃.The gas production was quantified and measured for chemical and carbon isotopic compositions.Results show thatδ13C 1 is less than?20‰,carbon isotope trend of alkane gas isδ13C 1 <δ13C 2 <δ13C 3 orδ13C 1 <δ13C 2 >δ13C 3 ,these features suggest that the gas would be coal-type gas at high-over maturity,not be inorganic gas with reversal trend of gaseous alkanes (δ13C 1 >δ13C 2 >δ13C 3 ).These characteristics of carbon isotopes are similar with the natural gas from the basin basement,but disagree with gas from the Xingcheng reservoir.Thus,the mixing gases from the pyrolysis gas with coal-typed gases at high-over maturity or oil-typed gases do not cause the reversal trend of carbon isotopes.The gas generation intensity for epimetamorphic rocks is 3.0×10 8 ―23.8×10 8 m 3 /km 2 ,corresponding to Ro from 2.0%to 3.5%for organic matter.  相似文献   

An overview of fast pyrolysis of biomass   总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15  

A. V. Bridgwater  D. Meier  D. Radlein 《Organic Geochemistry》1999,30(12):2915

Biomass fast pyrolysis is of rapidly growing interest in Europe as it is perceived to offer significant logistical and hence economic advantages over other thermal conversion processes. This is because the liquid product can be stored until required or readily transported to where it can be most effectively utilised. The objective of this paper is to review the design considerations faced by the developers of fast pyrolysis, upgrading and utilisation processes in order to successfully implement the technologies. Aspects of design of a fast pyrolysis system include feed drying; particle size; pretreatment; reactor configuration; heat supply; heat transfer; heating rates; reaction temperature; vapour residence time; secondary cracking; char separation; ash separation; liquids collection. Each of these aspects is reviewed and discussed. A case study shows the application of the technology to waste wood and how this approach gives very good control of contaminants. Finally the problem of spillage is addressed through respirometric tests on bio-oils concluding with a summary of the potential contribution that fast pyrolysis can make to global warming.  相似文献   

Similarities and differences in hydrous pyrolysis of biomass and source rocks     

Tanja Barth   《Organic Geochemistry》1999,30(12):29

In laboratory simulation of oil generation, products from closed systems pyrolysis of immature source rocks in the presence of water gives the closest match to petroleum compositions observed in nature. Fresh biomass can also be converted to fluids by pyrolysis, but in the absence of the sedimentary diagenetic transformations, the initially much higher oxygen content gives high yields of oxygen containing products. In this work, the reactions that occur during hydrous pyrolysis of a Kimmeridge source rock, a brown coal and two polymeric waste materials from alginate production are compared in terms of quantities of the main products and kinetic models of the reaction systems. The biomass pyrolysis and the simulated maturation are described in similar reaction networks. Conversion of biomass to fluids occurred with reaction networks and activation energy distributions comparable to the brown coal, while for the Kimmeridge source rock reactions a simpler reaction network could be used. The biomass samples gave a high degree of conversion to fluid products, and higher yields of bitumen than the coal.  相似文献   

Effects of base catalysis on the product distribution from pyrolysis of woody biomass in the presence of water     

Anne Eva Borgund  Tanja Barth 《Organic Geochemistry》1999,30(12):4731

Previous work has shown that woody biomass can generate oil-like products during hydrous pyrolysis. However, the yield of extractable organic matter is rather small, and the proportion of coke is high. In order to increase the oil yield and decrease the coke generation, experiments with added base catalysts have been made. NaOH was chosen as the catalyst. Experimental design is used to investigate the effects of variable experimental conditions during pyrolysis. The results are compared with similar experiments without a catalyst, and show a general decrease in coke formation and increase in the extractable organic matter with a dominance of polar compounds. The variable with the largest effect on yields is the amount of water, while pyrolysis temperature and the amount of starting material have minor effects.  相似文献   

热模拟实验中煤岩及壳质组饱和烃萜类系列化合物地球化学特征     

刘全有  刘文汇  孟仟祥 《沉积学报》2006,24(6):917-922

通过对塔里木盆地煤岩与壳质组热模拟实验可溶有机物的色—质分析,煤岩和壳质组三环二萜烷具有低丰度、窄碳数（C19～C26）特征,且三环二萜烷主要来源于煤岩结构中具有三环萜骨架前身物的断裂释放。藿烷C31和C32-αβ22S/22（S+R）随着热模拟温度升高呈增加趋势,表明该地球化学参数是较好的热成熟度指标;αββ藿烷可以用来反映煤岩的热演化程度,且ββ构型向βα构型转化时需要一定能量;煤岩在未熟到成熟热演化过程中,藿烷具有ββ<βα<αβ的热稳定性。壳质组萜烷系列化合物的地球化学参数（以17β（H）三降藿烷、C29βα-藿烷、C31αβ22S/22（S+R））表明壳质组热演化史比煤岩有迟豫效应。   相似文献   

沉积盆地超压系统内油气的生成与保存   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

肖七林  孙永革 《地球化学》2007,36(4):375-382

沉积盆地内的超压系统是一个相对独立的封闭-半封闭体系,与油气生成、保存关系密切.超压系统内矿物介质、有机质、水相互作用过程以及有效应力对有机质演化的作用机理研究揭示了超压对有机质演化具有显著的阶段性和差异性,具体表现在:(1)压力的影响程度是有机质演化程度的函数;(2)超压/压力效应对有机质演化发生显著影响需要达到某一最小值,即门限值;(3)在有机质演化不同阶段发育的超压对生烃的影响不同;(4)同一超压系统内,不同类型有机质对超压的响应具有差异性.迄今,已经建立了超压/压力对有机质演化影响程度的定量化模型,包括化学动力学模型和热力学模型两类.化学动力学模型仍有许多需要改进的地方,如压力影响的阀值、指前因子和活化能随反应时间的变化规律等,相对而言,热力学模型似乎更简单、易用,但其可靠性和普适性还有待时间的检验.由于异常高压对超压系统储层内原油的热裂解反应具有抑制效应,有利于深部高温高压储层内液态烃的保存,因此,含油气盆地深部高温高压地层已成为一个较为有利的石油勘探领域.  相似文献   

Chemical and Biological Studies of Particulate Organic Matter in the Ocean     

John K. Volkman  Eiichiro Tanoue 《Journal of Oceanography》2002,58(2):265-279

This paper presents a review of the past decade's highlights of research on the isolation and characterisation of particulate organic matter (POM) in the world's oceans. The emphasis is on chemical studies but, in keeping with the growing interdisciplinary nature of marine science, advances in other disciplines are also discussed, particularly those in biological sciences. Increasing evidence for the importance of picoplankton, bacteria and viruses as POM constituents is highlighted, including the recent recognition of large populations of autotrophic bacteria able to harvest light for energy. The transport of POM to bottom waters was thought to be largely confined to large, rapidly sinking faecal pellets. However, recent studies have highlighted the importance of organic aggregates and flocs formed by diatoms such as Rhizosolenia and other microalgae. Ascending particles have also been discovered, many of which are lipid-rich. Several studies have shown that resuspension of bottom sediments and lateral advection of material from continental shelves can lead to anomalously high particle fluxes measured in sediment traps moored in deep water. Many new approaches for characterizing POM have emerged, such as pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and direct temperature-resolved mass spectrometry for analysis of higher molecular weight materials and biopolymers. Lipid biomarker techniques have also advanced, exciting new possibilities being raised by the ability to measure stable and radioactive carbon isotopes for individual compounds. The techniques of molecular biology, such as the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), are being increasingly applied to provide complementary information to more conventional microscopy and flow cytometry on the identity of organisms in the sea. The combination of these techniques with advanced chemical analysis methods promises to greatly increase our knowledge of the origins, transport and fate of organic matter in the oceans. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

硫酸盐三氧同位素测试制样新技术——Ag2SO4热解法   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

周爱国  刘存富  蔡鹤生  甘义群  李小倩  余婷婷  刘运德 《地球学报》2008,29(6):673-676

氧同位素能有效地示踪硫酸盐起源及其形成环境,随着硫酸盐中氧同位素质量不相关分馏现象的陆续发现,三氧同位素的研究已成为热点与前沿.笔者研究了硫酸盐三氧同位素(16O、17O、18O)测试制样的最新技术--Ag2SO4热解法.基本原理是:Ag2SO4在1050℃下热解为O2和SO2,其中O2产额可达(45±7)%,SO2产额接近100%,收集两种气体送作质谱分析可测得δ17O、δ18O和δ34S值.本方法的特殊要求是所有硫酸盐样品都必须转化为Ag2SO4,笔者详细介绍了水样、土样、石膏样品、BaSO4样品的处理方法与步骤.Ag2SO4热解法不再使用传统方法中的氟化试剂,安全可靠、价廉,顺应了环保意识和以人为本的原则.技术先进:适用性强,具有很大的推广应用价值.  相似文献