Hydrogen sulfide measurements in air by passive/diffusive samplers and high-frequency analyzer: A critical comparison     

《Applied Geochemistry》2016

In this study, hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) measurements in air carried out using (a) passive/diffusive samplers (Radiello^® traps) and (b) a high-frequency (60 s) real-time analyzer (Thermo^® 450i) were compared in order to evaluate advantages and limitations of the two techniques. Four different sites in urban environments (Florence, Italy) and two volcanic areas characterized by intense degassing of H₂S-rich fluids (Campi Flegrei and Vulcano Island, Italy) were selected for such measurements. The concentrations of H₂S generally varied over 5 orders of magnitude (from 10⁻¹–10³ μg/m³), the H₂S values measured with the Radiello^® traps (H₂S_R) being significantly higher than the average values measured by the Thermo^® 450i during the trap exposure (H₂S_Ta), especially when H₂S was <30 μg/m³. To test the reproducibility of the Radiello^® traps, 8 passive/diffusive samplers were contemporaneously deployed within an 0.2 m² area in an H₂S-contaminated site at Mt. Amiata (Tuscany, Italy), revealing that the precision of the H₂S_R values was ±49%. This large uncertainty, whose cause was not recognizable, is to be added to that related to the environmental conditions (wind speed and direction, humidity, temperature), which are known to strongly affect passive measurements. The Thermo^® 450i analyzer measurements highlighted the occurrence of short-term temporal variations of the H₂S concentrations, with peak values (up to 5732 μg/m³) potentially harmful to the human health. The Radiello^® traps were not able to detect such temporal variability due to their large exposure time. The disagreement between the H₂S_R and H₂S_Ta values poses severe concerns for the selection of an appropriate methodological approach aimed to provide an accurate measurement of this highly toxic air pollutant in compliance with the WHO air quality guidelines. Although passive samplers may offer the opportunity to carry out low-cost preliminary surveys, the use of the high-frequency H₂S analyzer is preferred when an accurate assessment of air quality is required. In fact, the latter provides precise real-time measurements for a reliable estimation of the effective exposure to hazardous H₂S concentrations, giving insights into the mechanisms regulating the dispersion of this air pollutant in relation to the meteorological parameters.  相似文献   

Depositional System of the Carboniferous Huanglong Formation, Eastern Sichuan Basin: Constraints from Sedimentology and Geochemistry     

WANG Kun  HU Suyun  LI Wei  LIU Wei  HUANG Qingyu  MA Kui  SHI Shuyuan 《《地质学报》英文版》2016,90(5):1795-1808

Using analyses of the lithology, sequences, paleoenvironment, and tectonic setting, the depositional system of the Carboniferous Huanglong Formation in the eastern Sichuan Basin was identified. The lithological characteristics of the Lower Member, Middle Member, and Upper Member were analyzed and classified. Before the use of carbon, oxygen, and strontium isotopes in the analysis, all of the geochemical data were tested for validity. On the basis of the Z values obtained from carbon and oxygen isotopes, the paleoenvironments of the three members were elucidated. Lower Member was dominantly an enclosed marine environment with intense evaporation and little freshwater input into the sea. Middle Member developed in a semi-enclosed to normal marine environment with many rivers. Upper Member was formed in a normal marine environment. The east Sichuan Basin was enclosed by paleouplifts before the deposition of the Huanglong Formation, forming a relatively enclosed depositional setting. Paleogullies developed in the Silurian strata that underlie the Carboniferous rocks; these paleogullies can be identified. On the basis of a comprehensive analysis, we propose that the Huanglong Formation developed in a platform system. Four microfacies were identified: supratidal flat, dolostone flat, grain shoal, and shelf microfacies. The high-permeability and high-porosity characteristics of the grain shoal microfacies are favorable for hydrocarbon accumulation, while the supratidal flat and shelf microfacies developed very few high-quality reservoirs. The paleogullies, in which increased amounts of grain shoal microfacies developed, controlled the distribution of high-quality reservoirs.  相似文献   

地震资料观测系统定义软件的研究与开发     

祝媛媛  陈楠 《矿产与地质》2016,(2):297-301

地震资料处理过程中,观测系统的定义是不可或缺的关键步骤之一。在实际工作中通过对地震勘探观测系统定义的需求研究,使用Visual C++2010IDE结合Qt自主开发了一套针对陆上与海上通用的观测系统定义软件,该软件支持跨平台运行,提供了灵活多样的布设模式、直观的图形显示、面元网格划分和质量控制方式,在实际工区的使用过程中具备很强的实用性和可扩展性。  相似文献   

水权交易对生态环境影响研究进展   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

李春晖  孙炼  张楠  王烜  蔡宴朋  徐萌 《水科学进展》2016,27(2):307-316

在经济社会发展受到区域水资源总量限制的情况下,水权交易作为解决当今世界严峻水资源危机的重要手段之一,已在国内外进行了广泛的实践。水权交易改变了水资源的时空配置,对水生态和水环境产生有利或不利的影响,然而关于水权交易对生态环境影响的研究尚未有系统的梳理。总结了水权交易对水资源系统影响研究的主要发展历程,着重论述了水权交易对水资源系统影响的4个重点研究方面:可交易生态环境水权的研究、水权交易对水量、水生态、水环境影响的研究。未来应当加强水权交易对生态环境影响的定量研究,进一步提升水权交易对水质、地下水、退水、陆生生态环境影响的研究,明确不同交易类型的不同影响,还应考虑不确定性因素的影响。  相似文献   

长兴岛碳酸盐岩裂隙岩溶水特征分析     

陈冶  程微  宋波  宋建伟  程静  孙丽萍 《化工矿产地质》2016,(2):79-84

长兴岛碳酸盐岩区占整个岛的44%,受降雨、岩性、构造等条件的影响,岩溶较发育,地下水资源较丰富,且水质较好,适宜作为饮用水水源。在收集大量基础地质资料,并结合现场调查、钻探、抽水试验成果,分析了从上至下5层岩溶带的发育特征、赋水性规律及补、径、排条件。同时考虑供水水文地质条件,进行了天然资源和开采资源概算,及成井条件、水质的分析评价。  相似文献   

混凝土灌注桩桩头渗水的处理及预防措施          下载免费PDF全文

孙立宝 《探矿工程》2016,43(5):86-88

混凝土灌注桩桩头渗水对桩体混凝土受力和基底防水产生影响,对混凝土结构中的钢筋造成腐蚀。结合工程实例,对桩头渗水产生的原因进行分析,主要有操作经验不足、责任心不强,灌注器具不合格,混凝土质量指标不符合要求,灌注接近结束时拔管速度过快、灌注终了超灌高度测量不准,基土含水量高、水压大等;出现桩头渗水可采用人工剔除或注浆封堵处理;介绍了预防措施,包括加强作业人员培训,强化灌注器具检查,严控混凝土质量,重点监管终灌时的状态,做好基坑内降水工作等。  相似文献   

扎龙湿地藻类植物群落结构特征及水质初步评价     

巴秋爽  李雪  刘妍  代存芳  范亚文 《海洋与湖沼》2016,47(5):924-934

扎龙湿地是我国北方同纬度地区保留最完整、最原始、最开阔的湿地生态系统,地处中温带,属大陆性季风气候。为了探究其藻类植物群落的变化特征及其与水环境的关系,本文于2011年春、夏、秋季对扎龙湿地的藻类植物群落进行调查分析,共发现藻类植物349个分类单位(包括变种、变型),隶属于8门105属,藻类植物群落全年均以绿藻为主导,其组成呈绿藻-硅藻型。优势种中绿藻门主要以镰形纤维藻(Ankistrodesmus falcatus)和四尾栅藻(Scenedesmus quadricauda)为主,硅藻门以弯棒杆藻(Rhopalodia gibba)和隐头舟形藻(Navicula cryptocephala)为主,优势种组成具有明显的季节演替现象。藻类植物细胞密度呈现明显的单峰型,夏季最高,平均为10.74×10~4ind./L。湿地研究区域分为开阔型水域、小型封闭水域、湿地型水域和湖泊型水域四个生态类型,不同水域藻类植物群落结构特征明显不同。经聚类和多维尺度分析,将不同采样点的藻类植物群落分为四组,多样性指数表明湿地水体处于轻度污染或无污染状态。综合研究结果可以认为扎龙湿地的水体基本处于贫营养-中营养状态,只有极少数水域处于富营养状态。  相似文献   

动力学模型预测深海鲣鱼(Katsuwonus pelamis)调理食品常温下的货架期     

白冬  王欢  谢超  林琳  黄菊  梁佳  王婷 《海洋与湖沼》2016,47(1):221-226

为了预测鲣鱼(Katsuwonus pelamis)调理食品的货架期,将鲣鱼调理食品贮藏在25°C、30°C、35°C温度条件下,通过测定在贮藏期间菌落总数、挥发性盐基氮、过氧化值三个指标的变化,分别对这三个指标与贮藏时间、温度建立一级动力学模型,来预测鲣鱼调理食品的货架期。经计算得出,菌落总数预测模型中的活化能(Ea)及指前因子(k0)分别为30.96 k J/mol和2.06×103,挥发性盐基氮预测模型中的的活化能及指前因子分别为24.35 k J/mol和75.1,过氧化值预测模型中的活化能及指前因子分别为48.75 k J/mol和2.92×106。在32°C和37°C条件下验证动力学模型,结果表明相对误差分别为–5.52%和–6.45%,准确性较好。进一步推算得出,在18°C和23°C常温下贮藏鲣鱼调理食品,产品的货架期为209d和172d。  相似文献   

Quality control methods for KOOS operational sea surface temperature products     

YANG Chansu  KIM Sunhwa 《海洋学报(英文版)》2016,35(2):11-18

Sea surface temperature SST obtained from the initial version of the Korea Operational Oceanographic System(KOOS) SST satellite have low accuracy during summer and daytime. This is attributed to the diurnal warming effect. Error estimation of SST data must be carried out to use the real-time forecasting numerical model of the KOOS. This study suggests two quality control methods for the KOOS SST system. To minimize the diurnal warming effect, SSTs of areas where wind speed is higher than 5 m/s were used. Depending on the wind threshold value, KOOS SST data for August 2014 were reduced by 0.15°C. Errors in SST data are considered to be a combination of random, sampling, and bias errors. To estimate bias error, the standard deviation of bias between KOOS SSTs and climatology SSTs were used. KOOS SST data yielded an analysis error standard deviation value similar to OSTIA and NOAA NCDC(OISST) data. The KOOS SST shows lower random and sampling errors with increasing number of observations using six satellite datasets. In further studies, the proposed quality control methods for the KOOS SST system will be applied through more long-term case studies and comparisons with other SST systems.  相似文献   

Sedimentology,diagenesis and reservoir quality of the upper Abu Gabra Formation sandstones in the Fula Sub-basin,Muglad Basin,Sudan     

《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2016

  相似文献