Development of a fluorescence quenching assay to measure the fraction of organic carbon present in self-assembled gels in seawater     

Yong-Xue Ding  Wei-Chun Chin  Pedro Verdugo   《Marine Chemistry》2007,106(3-4):456-462

The dissolved organic carbon pool (DOC) is among the largest reservoir of reduced carbon on our planet. The demonstration that DOC polymers remain in assembly/dispersion equilibrium forming microscopic hydrogels has a broad range of critical implications. Previous studies estimate that  10% of DOC could be assembled as gels, yielding values of  7 × 10¹⁶ g of organic carbon present as microscopic hotspots of high substrate concentration. This huge mass of reduced carbon emphasizes the need to develop reliable methods to systematically investigate the budget of self-assembled marine gels (SAG), and their role in biogeochemical cycling. However, a quantitative method to measure SAG in seawater has not been available. Here we present the validation of a simple assay to measure the mass of organic carbon assembled as microgels in native seawater. This method is based on the ratio of Chlortetracycline (CTC) fluorescence quenching between Ca bound to non-assembled organic molecules and molecules assembled as microgels. This assay can be readily implemented on board using a low cost fluorometer and provisions to measure TOC.  相似文献   

测定微量铬(VI)的新方法--邻氯苯基荧光酮荧光熄灭法     

黄慧萍  陈冬梅  李华清 《地质科技情报》2002,21(1):107-109

基于Cr(Ⅵ）－邻氯苯基荧光酮（O－Cl-PF)-CTMAB体系的荧光熄灭效应，提出了一种测定痕量铬（Ⅵ）的新荧光方法。在pH=8.3的NH4Cl-NH3H2O介质中，该物的最大激发波长和发射波长分别是400nm和 550nm。铬（Ⅵ）量2－48μg/L[0.05-1.2μg/(25mL)]范围内与相对荧光强度ΔF呈线性关系，检出限为1μg/L。该方法可用于电镀废液、湖水、矿石中痕量铬（Ⅵ）的直接测定。  相似文献   

盐藻叶绿素荧光非光化学猝灭产生的条件和主要组分的检测   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

夏丽  陈贻竹 《海洋与湖沼》2000,31(5):198-505

实验用盐藻取自天津溏沽轻工业部制盐研究所,应用叶绿素我技术检测盐藻悬浮液在暗适或稳态光合作用下的荧光产量（光化学荧光猝灭ｑＰ和非光化学荧光猝灭ｑＮ的进程）和在稳态后黑暗期间荧光产量的恢复（ｑＮ的暗豫动力学）。通过改变透导光强、脉冲频率和脉冲强度,寻找适当的条件以区分光诱导期间的ｑＰ、ｑＮ和随后黑暗期间ｑＮ的快（ｑ＾ｆ）、中（ｑ＾ｍ）、幔（ｑ＾ｓ）三个组分。结果表明,ｑＮ的快相（ｑ＾ｆ）仅在相对高的  相似文献   

Excitation of the oxygen nightglow on the terrestrial planets     

Vladimir A. Krasnopolsky 《Planetary and Space Science》2011,59(8):754-766

A scheme of excitation, quenching, and energy transfer processes in the oxygen nightglow on the Earth, Venus, and Mars has been developed based on the observed nightglow intensities and vertical profiles, measured reaction rate coefficients, and photochemical models of the nighttime atmospheres of the Venus and Mars. The scheme involves improved radiative lifetimes of some band systems, calculated yields of the seven electronic states of O₂ in termolecular association, and rate coefficients of seven processes of electronic quenching of the Herzberg states of O₂, which are evaluated by fitting to the nightglow observations. Electronic quenching of the vibrationally excited Herzberg states by O₂ and N₂ in the Earth's nightglow is a quarter of total collisional removal of the O₂(A, A′) states and a dominant branch for the O₂(c) state. The scheme supports the conclusion by Steadman and Thrush (1994) that the green line is excited by energy transfer from the O₂(A³Σ_u⁺, v≥6) molecules, and the inferred rate coefficient of this transfer is 1.5×10⁻¹¹ cm³ s⁻¹. The O₂ bands at 762 nm and 1.27 μm are excited directly, by quenching of the Herzberg states, and by energy transfer from the O₂(⁵Π_g) state. Quenching of the O₂ band at 762 nm excites the band at 1.27 μm as well. Effective yield of the O₂(a¹Δ_g) state in termolecular association on Venus and Mars is ∼0.7. Quantitative assessments of all these processes have been made. A possible reaction of O₂(c¹Σ_u⁻)+CO is a very minor branch of recombination of CO₂ on Venus and Mars. Night airglow on Mars is calculated for typical conditions of the nighttime atmosphere. The calculated vertical intensity of the O₂ band at 1.27 μm is 13 kR, far below the recently reported detections.  相似文献   

Adaptation to high light irradiances enhances the photosynthetic Cu resistance in Cu tolerant and non-tolerant populations of the brown macroalgae Fucus serratus     

Hanne Dalsgaard Nielsen 《Marine pollution bulletin》2010,60(5):710-717

The relationship between light acclimation and Cu²⁺ tolerance was studied in two populations of Fucus serratus known to be naturally non-tolerant and tolerant to Cu²⁺. Acclimation to high irradiances increased the photosynthetic tolerance to Cu²⁺. The xanthophyll cycle was apparently not involved in protecting the photosynthetic apparatus against Cu²⁺ toxicity, as results showed that Cu²⁺ did not induce dynamic photoinhibition. The higher photosynthetic Cu²⁺ resistance of high light algae did not result in increased growth. The excess energy acquired by high light-adapted algae appeared to be utilized in Cu²⁺ defense mechanisms in the Cu²⁺ non-tolerant population. The polyphenol content of the algae was reciprocal to the Cu_T content, suggesting that polyphenol may be the primary Cu²⁺ defense of non-tolerant low light algae, acting through secretion and extracellular chelating of Cu²⁺, while the compounds do not seem to be involved in the primary Cu²⁺ tolerance mechanism in Cu²⁺ tolerant algae.  相似文献   

一种AHL降解菌株的高效筛选方法     

史晓翀  宫倩红  于文功  王为善  魏岚 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2007,37(5):728-732

酰化高丝氨酸内酯化合物(acyl-homoserine lactone,AHL)是革兰氏阴性细菌(G-)群体感应的信号分子。本文建立1种从环境微生物中高效地筛选AHL降解菌株的方法。首先利用AHL作为唯一能源对环境微生物进行初筛,再利用顶层琼脂法和报告菌株Chromobacterium violaceumATCC 12472、Agrobacterium tumefaciensA136等进行复筛,共筛选得到21株具有AHL降解活性的菌株。对其中活性最高的菌株A11进行初步的菌种鉴定,通过形态观察、16S ribosomal RNA(16S rDNA)基因分析最终确定为假单胞菌属细菌Pseudomonassp.A11。  相似文献   

塔里木河下游干旱胁迫下的胡杨叶绿素荧光特性研究   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4  

朱成刚  李卫红  马晓东  马建新  陈亚鹏 《中国沙漠》2011,30(4):927-936

 结合塔里木河下游典型监测断面和地下水位埋深的监测数据,测量了不同地下水位处胡杨的叶绿素荧光参数、水势及土壤含水量,探讨了不同地下水位埋深条件下胡杨的叶绿素荧光特性。结果显示,随着地下水位埋深加大,胡杨受到的干旱胁迫加剧,胡杨叶片光适应下的实际光化学量子产量、电子传输速率和光化学猝灭、相对叶绿素含量普遍下降,且下降幅度随地下水位埋深加大而增加; 非光化学猝灭和调节性能量耗散量子产量随光合有效辐射增大而显著升高; 潜在最大光化学量子产量总体处于适宜状态,表明胡杨在地下水位埋深4~8 m左右时,尚能通过自身能力进行调节,光系统Ⅱ未发生不可逆转的因干旱胁迫造成的损伤。  相似文献   

共振光猝灭法测定环境水样中痕量硒     

李人宇  李咏梅  吴俊杰  王显金  熊情 《岩矿测试》2011,30(3):328-332

在阿拉伯树胶(AG)存在下,0.14 mol/L硫酸介质中,硒(Ⅳ)与过量的I-反应生成I3-,加入乙酸钠后I3-与亚甲基蓝反应成离子缔合物,在波长288 nm处共振光猝灭,建立了共振光散射法测定痕量硒的方法.确定了碘化钾、亚甲基蓝、乙酸钠和增溶剂阿拉伯树胶溶液的浓度,在室温(20～30℃)下反应15 min,提高了体...  相似文献   

比较基因组学分析弧菌属群体感应通路的分布与进化     

毛颖津  高贝乐 《热带海洋学报》2022,41(1):28-41

群体感应是一种细菌细胞间的通讯过程, 细菌通过测量细胞外自诱导剂浓度从而感知群体细胞密度变化。群体感应使细菌能够在两种基因表达模式下转换: 在低细胞密度时有利于个体发展, 而在高细胞密度时则有利于群体发展。目前主要有7种群体感应通路, 分别以oligopeptides、AHL(Acylated Homoserine Lactones)、AI-2(Autoinducer-2)、CAI-1(Cholera Autoinducer-1)、PQS(Pseudomonas Quinolone Signal)、AI-3(Autoinducer-3)以及DSF(Diffusible Signal Factor)作为各群体感应通路的信号分子; 其中oligopeptides存在于革兰氏阳性细菌中, 其余6种信号分子存在于革兰氏阴性细菌中。弧菌是导致人类感染和水产品污染的主要病原菌, 传统的抗生素治疗弧菌感染具有很强的选择压力, 导致越来越多耐药弧菌出现。面对愈发严峻的弧菌耐药性问题, 目前群体感应淬灭被认为是治疗弧菌感染的重要替代手段之一, 因而有必要调查弧菌属细菌不同群体感应通路的分布情况, 为针对弧菌的群体感应淬灭剂研发提供重要参考信息。通过比较基因组学分析, 发现全基因组测序的46株弧菌存在AHL、AI-2以及CAI-1这3种信号分子通路, 其中5株弧菌均含有上述3种信号分子通路, 共有30株弧菌只含有AI-2和CAI-1两种信号分子通路; 而46株弧菌都不存在PQS、AI-3以及DSF群体感应通路。此外, 弧菌群体感应通路的分布与物种进化有关, 含有同种群体感应信号分子通路的弧菌, 其亲缘关系较近, 说明该通路的基因进化自它们的共同祖先。本研究表明开发针对弧菌的群体感应淬灭剂应以AI-2和CAI-1两种信号分子介导的通路作为靶点。  相似文献   

Growth and survival of Halimione portulacoides stem cuttings in heavy metal contaminated soils     

《Marine pollution bulletin》2013,76(1-2):28-32

The halophytic shrub Halimione portulacoides demonstrates a high tolerance to heavy metal contamination and a capacity for accumulating metals within its tissues. On the Iberian Peninsula, this species has colonized habitats with high levels of metal pollution. The aim of this study is to analyze the response of H. portulacoides stem cuttings to this pollution. Growth, photosynthesis and metal uptake were examined in H. portulacoides through an experiment in which stem cuttings were replanted in metal-contaminated soil. This condition decreased growth and lowered both photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance. Reduced photosynthetic performance was largely due to the reduced concentration of photosynthetic pigments. Despite these responses, there was some important evidence suggesting the phytoremediatory potential of Halimione stem cuttings. The results of our study indicate that this salt-marsh shrub may represent a biotool of value in the restoration of polluted areas.  相似文献