河南汝阳东沟超大型钼矿床地质特征及找矿标志   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4       下载免费PDF全文

马红义  吕伟庆  张云政  黎红莉  田修启  马雁飞 《地质与勘探》2007,43(4):1-7

东沟钼矿属斑岩型钼矿床,矿床(体)赋存于下铺花岗斑岩体内外接触带中,沿岩体呈似层状(帽状)分布,钼矿化与岩石中裂隙发育程度关系密切,矿厚一般130～170 m,最大259.62m.主要矿石类型有安山岩型、英安岩型、闪长细晶岩型和花岗斑岩型辉钼矿矿石,矿化蚀变具典型斑岩型矿床的特征,地球化学异常和花岗斑岩体是主要找矿标志.  相似文献   

大同矿区口泉沟南氢氧同位素研究在分析奥灰岩溶水补径排条件中的应用     

吉淑华 《中国煤田地质》2007,19(1):36-38

根据山西省大同矿区口泉沟南大气降水、河水、第四系孔隙水、岩溶地下水的同位素分布特征、地下水中同位素组成、以及δD～δ^18O关系，将口泉沟南划分为两个水文地质分区（南区和北区），又据平硐补给来源水的同位素组成与平硐涌出水的同位素组成求得岩溶地下水主要排泄口的平硐水在雨季和枯季补给来源的混合比例，为进一步分析研究勘察区的水文地质条件和下一步的供水勘探工作提供了可靠的依据。  相似文献   

沧东断裂(天津段)特征及导水导热性质分析     

赵苏民  高宝珠  黎雪梅  李会娟  胡燕 《华北地质》2007,30(2):121-127

沧东断裂是华北平原区一条规模较大的隐伏断裂,经历了中、新生代两个裂陷旋回,一直为地热地质工作者所关注。人工地震表明:沧东断裂是一空间构造形态上陡下缓、走向北东、北部边界已沿至蓟运河断裂附近的大型拆离断裂。以水文地质理论为基础,对沧东断裂附近地热流体的水化学场、温度场特征的研究表明:沧东断裂在下部并不具备控制天津地热热源的构造条件,但断裂上部却具有明显的将深部高位热能以热对流形式向浅部传导的特征;在水力传导方面,除局部地段稍弱外,总体上沧东断裂带在水平和垂直方向上有较强的导水能力。  相似文献   

川西南—滇东北地区磷矿的形成与富集     

邓小林  姚超美  江新华  王吉平  杨更生 《化工矿产地质》2007,29(3):139-140

川西南滇东地区在早寒武世梅树村期处于上扬子浅海环境,沉积一套浅海碳酸盐和磷酸盐。磷矿经历初始沉积和再次富集的成矿作用,与古构造控制的古地理位置密切相关。在川滇潮坪海湾中,由水下隆起分割的三个次级海湾周围的潮下浅滩和潮间带下部为寻找富矿的有利部位。  相似文献   

承压含水层非完整反滤回灌井的稳定流计算   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

李旺林  束龙仓  李砚阁  李桂国 《水文地质工程地质》2007,34(2):67-70

反滤回灌井是地下水库中一种有效的回灌设施,它由回灌井和井口反滤层组成。非完整反滤回灌井井流运动由砂反滤层的竖向流和非完整回灌井井流组合而成。文中提出了承压含水层非完整反滤回灌井稳定流的计算方法,分析了反滤层、井损和回灌堵塞等因素对回灌量的影响,并结合实例证明了反滤回灌井回灌量大大低于普通回灌井的回灌量。  相似文献   

孔斜的地质因素分析     

夏宗清  赵善友 《中国煤田地质》2007,19(A01):42-45

通过钻孔测斜成果与地质成果的对比分析，认为地层的地质特征是地层造斜性质的根本因素；借助地质资料．可以对地层的造斜性质及造斜强度做出及时、有效的预测与评价，并据此对该钻孔所揭露地层进行了统一分类；另外还指出了在高精度垂直钻孔施丁巾塔式钻具组合的适用范围。  相似文献   

河南关山国家地质公园崩滑流地质灾害成因分析     

赵静  李广济 《中国地质灾害与防治学报》2007,18(3):60-64

河南关山国家地质公园于2005年9月被国土资源部批准成立,该公园位于河南辉县市西北的太行山区。地质公园由关山、八里沟、回龙、万仙山和宝泉5大园区组成,地质环境条件复杂。随着景区建设的大力进行,地质灾害频繁发生,类型众多,主要有地面崩塌、滑坡、泥石流等,严重威胁人民生命财产的安全,给公园建设、地区经济发展造成了重大损失。文章在野外大量调查和室内分析研究的基础上,以关山、八里沟园区为例详细阐述了地质灾害特征,从地形地貌、地层岩性、人类工程活动、气象等方面探讨了地质灾害形成机理;基于公园地质灾害评估工作的特殊性,提出了相关建议,为关山国家地质公园及周边其它景区的地质灾害防治工作提供科学依据。  相似文献   

Remote sensing and GIS for mapping groundwater recharge and discharge areas in salinity prone catchments,southeastern Australia   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5  

Sarah O. Tweed  Marc Leblanc  John A. Webb  Maciek W. Lubczynski 《Hydrogeology Journal》2007,15(1):75-96

Identifying groundwater recharge and discharge areas across catchments is critical for implementing effective strategies for salinity mitigation, surface-water and groundwater resource management, and ecosystem protection. In this study, a synergistic approach has been developed, which applies a combination of remote sensing and geographic information system (GIS) techniques to map groundwater recharge and discharge areas. This approach is applied to an unconfined basalt aquifer, in a salinity and drought prone region of southeastern Australia. The basalt aquifer covers ~11,500 km² in an agriculturally intensive region. A review of local hydrogeological processes allowed a series of surface and subsurface indicators of groundwater recharge and discharge areas to be established. Various remote sensing and GIS techniques were then used to map these surface indicators including: terrain analysis, monitoring of vegetation activity, and mapping of infiltration capacity. All regions where groundwater is not discharging to the surface were considered potential recharge areas. This approach, applied systematically across a catchment, provides a framework for mapping recharge and discharge areas. A key component in assigning surface and subsurface indicators is the relevance to the dominant recharge and discharge processes occurring and the use of appropriate remote sensing and GIS techniques with the capacity to identify these processes.

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Résumé Sur un bassin versant, l’identification des zones d’alimentation et des aires d’émergence des eaux souterraines est capitale pour mettre en œuvre des stratégies de réduction de la salinité, de gestion des eaux souterraines et superficielles, et de protection des écosystèmes. Une approche synergique a été développée, sur la base de recherches existantes pour cartographier de manière systématique les zones de recharge et d'émergence. Elle combine des techniques de télédétection et de Systèmes d’Information Géographique, dans le but de cartographier les zones d’alimentation et d’émergence. Ces techniques ont été appliquées à un aquifère basaltique libre, dans un secteur sujet à la sécheresse et à la salinité du Sud-Est australien. L’aquifère considéré couvre environ 11,500 km² d’une région essentiellement agricole. Un inventaire des processus hydrogéologiques locaux a conduit à l’établissement d’une série d’indicateurs superficiels et subsuperficiels des zones d’alimentation et d’émergence. Plusieurs méthodes de télédétection et de SIG furent alors utilisées pour cartographier ces indicateurs de surface, y compris les analyses de terrain, le suivi de l’activité de la végétation et la cartographie des capacités d’infiltration. Toutes les régions en dehors des zones d'émergence sont considérées commes des zones d'alimentation potentielles. Un des composants clés de l’attribution des indicateurs superficiels et subsuperficiels est la concordance avec les processus majeurs d’alimentation et de prélèvement entrant en jeu, et l’utilisation de méthodes de télédétection et SIG adaptées permettant d’identifier ces processus.

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Resumen La identificación de áreas de descarga y recarga de agua subterránea es crítica para la implementación de estrategias efectivas relacionadas con mitigación de salinidad, gestión de recursos de agua subterránea y agua superficial, y protección de ecosistemas. En este estudio se ha desarrollado un enfoque sinérgico apoyándose en investigación existente el cual aplica una combinación de técnicas de sistemas de información geográfico (SIG) y sensores remotos para cartografiar áreas de recarga y descarga de agua subterránea. Este enfoque se aplica a un acuífero de basalto no confinado en una región del sureste de Australia propensa a sequía y salinidad. El acuífero de basalto cubre aproximadamente 11,500 km² en una región con agricultura intensiva. Una revisión de los procesos hidrogeológicos locales permitió el establecimiento de una serie de indicadores superficiales y subterráneos de áreas de recarga y descarga de agua subterránea. Luego se utilizaron varias técnicas de SIG y sensores remotos para cartografiar estos indicadores superficiales incluyendo: análisis del terreno, monitoreo de la actividad de la vegetación, y cartografiado de la capacidad de infiltración. Todas las regiones donde el agua subterránea no descarga en la superficie fueron consideradas áreas potenciales de recarga. Este enfoque que se ha aplicado sistemáticamente a través de la cuenca aporta un marco para la cartografía de áreas de recarga y descarga. Un componente clave en la asignación de indicadores superficiales y subterráneos lo constituye la relevancia a los procesos dominantes de recarga y descarga que ocurren y el uso de técnicas apropiadas de SIG y sensores remotos con la capacidad para identificar esos procesos.

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Comparative analysis of groundwater formation in arid and super-arid deserts (with examples from Central Asia and northeastern Arabian Peninsula)     

Vladimir N. Ostrovsky 《Hydrogeology Journal》2007,15(4):759-771

Groundwater formation within arid and super-arid deserts is discussed through comparative analysis. Although fresh groundwater is being formed in both types of deserts, mainly from infiltrated surface runoff, in arid deserts, infiltration is currently taking place, whereas in super-arid areas, it occurred mainly in the Pleistocene pluvial epoch. Groundwater discharge conditions are also different. In arid deserts, the discharge occurs mainly through transpiration by phreatophytes, which form phyto-hydrogeological ecosystems where the dominant factor is an interaction between groundwater and vegetation, with transpiration reaching over hundreds of mm/year and the thickness of the groundwater evaporation zone extending over 10 m. Active subsurface water exchange does not favor the preservation of Pleistocene fossil groundwater. Super-arid deserts, however, have an extremely scarce vegetative cover (low, if any), physical evaporation, a thin zone of evaporation influence, and slow water outflow. Favorable conditions therefore exist for the preservation of relict low-mineralized waters. Furthermore, arid and super-arid deserts differ by types of groundwater accumulation and horizontal and vertical zonalities. In arid deserts, hydrogeological problems are connected with the anthropogenic influence upon groundwater, and with control on rational use of surface water and groundwater. In super-arid deserts, the basic problem is depletion of fossil groundwater.  相似文献   

Multiple-methods investigation of recharge at a humid-region fractured rock site,Pennsylvania, USA     

Christopher S. Heppner  John R. Nimmo  Gordon J. Folmar  William J. Gburek  Dennis W. Risser 《Hydrogeology Journal》2007,15(5):915-927

Lysimeter-percolate and well-hydrograph analyses were combined to evaluate recharge for the Masser Recharge Site (central Pennsylvania, USA). In humid regions, aquifer recharge through an unconfined low-porosity fractured-rock aquifer can cause large magnitude water-table fluctuations over short time scales. The unsaturated hydraulic characteristics of the subsurface porous media control the magnitude and timing of these fluctuations. Data from multiple sets of lysimeters at the site show a highly seasonal pattern of percolate and exhibit variability due to both installation factors and hydraulic property heterogeneity. Individual event analysis of well hydrograph data reveals the primary influences on water-table response, namely rainfall depth, rainfall intensity, and initial water-table depth. Spatial and seasonal variability in well response is also evident. A new approach for calculating recharge from continuous water-table elevation records using a master recession curve (MRC) is demonstrated. The recharge estimated by the MRC approach when assuming a constant specific yield is seasonal to a lesser degree than the recharge estimate resulting from the lysimeter analysis. Partial reconciliation of the two recharge estimates is achieved by considering a conceptual model of flow processes in the highly-heterogeneous underlying fractured porous medium.  相似文献