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&#x;ukasz Przyborowski Anna Maria &#x;oboda Robert Jzef Bialik Kaisa Vstil 《水文研究》2019,33(9):1324-1337
Flow disturbances generated by individual patches of submerged, flexible aquatic vegetation were investigated for two naturally growing macrophyte species, Potamogeton crispus L. and Myriophyllum spicatum L., in a sandy lowland river. Through acoustic Doppler velocimetry, 24 vertical profiles of the 3D velocity field were recorded downstream of each of the patches. The morphological features and biomechanical properties of the plants were also evaluated. The experiments showed the relationship between biomechanical characteristics and turbulence statistics. M. spicatum, which was stiffer and therefore less prone to dynamic reconfiguration, showed a greater effect on velocity damping, causing an increase in Reynold stresses, turbulence intensities, and turbulent kinetic energy downstream of the patch. These effects were present in regions both above and below plant height. In contrast for P. crispus, these effects were present only below plant height. The stiffer plant produced a mixing layer in its wake similar to that of dense plant canopies. The patch of less stiff and more streamlined P. crispus with longer leaves presented a much weaker effect on the flow. In contrast to previous studies conducted with rigid plant surrogates, we concluded that reconfiguration of the living flexible plants allows the plants to minimize drag forces, and therefore, their influence on the flow field was weaker than the effects reported for rigid surrogates. 相似文献
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在介绍传统保密系统的基础上，提出了基于密钥重构保密系统的设计思想。分析了这种系统的特点。 相似文献
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作为1个电子商务交易中心在不同的时期、针对不同的客户群和不同的交易方式会有不同的交易规则集与之相适应,而且,随着业务的发展,将来可能会出现各种新的交易模式,或者现有的交易模式中的某些规则可能会发生变化,使得传统的电子商务交易系统难以应对。为了适应动态变化的需求,在对企业间电子商务交易系统的业务需求、功能、特点及其信息系统进行分析的基础上,提出1个由系统级、交易模式级和交易单级组成的3层交易模式组成的动态电子商务交易模型,设计3层电子商务交易模型的基本框架,分析3层要素参数间的继承关系。提出和定义了电子商务要素参数空间及其关键属性,设计和实现1个动态、可重构的电子商务交易系统。通过3层要素参数的自由配置,不但可以满足目前一般批发交易中心所提出的10种交易模式,而且可以自由配置出多达上千种的交易规则集,实现了电子商务系统的灵活可重构和可复用。 相似文献
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