考虑生物降解的填埋场长期沉降研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘毓氚  黄超强 《岩土力学》2006,27(9):1532-1534

填埋场沉降是环境岩土工程主要研究课题,填埋场沉降主要由堆载瞬时沉降、与时间有关的填埋体骨架蠕变和有机物生物降解引起的沉降等3部分组成。迄今为止,国内外学者建立了许多估算填埋体沉降的数学模型。根据总结归纳的典型填埋体沉降计算模型,结合某填埋场沉降实测资料,探讨了计算模型的适用性。  相似文献   

用石灰粉煤灰稳定煤矸石的初步研究     

贾致荣  赵成泉  鞠泽青  杨若冲 《岩土力学》2006,27(Z1):909-912

煤矸石是一种特殊的软质粗粒土,在中国堆存达70亿吨,年增加1.5亿吨。若煤矸石用做道路基层材料可行,则有助于减少煤矸石占地,降低污染环境。为此,拟定了10种不同配合比,进行了石灰粉煤灰综合稳定试验,测试了煤矸石混合料的无侧限抗压强度、抗压回弹模量及温缩系数等指标,并进行了分析,得到了石灰粉煤灰比为1：2及二灰含量约为30 %的初步配合比。结果显示煤矸石可以用于低等级道路基层和高等级道路底基层。  相似文献   

垃圾填埋场边坡上土工膜的拉力与位移分析   总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7  

张鹏  王建华  陈锦剑 《岩土力学》2004,25(5):789-792

在垃圾填埋场中,土工膜通常放在填埋场的边坡上用来隔离有害物质以避免污染周围环境。土工膜上填埋垃圾和土层沿其长度将有剪应力作用,使得土工膜产生位移,内部承受拉力。为保证土工膜的安全使用,需要对土工膜的拉力与位移进行分析。以边坡材料的应力应变协调为基础,对土工膜下层与土接触面上的剪应力-位移关系采用双曲线模型,推导出微分控制方程,并利用有限差分法迭代求解控制方程得到土工膜位移与拉力的解。最后,对影响土工膜拉力和位移的重要参数进行了分析研究。  相似文献   

卫生填埋场生物降解沉降的热力学机理及其估算     

彭功勋  刘荣  施建勇 《岩土力学》2003,24(3):401-404

从热力学的角度阐述了填埋体生物降解沉降的物理机理。依此对卫生填埋场生物降解沉降进行了界定,并初步建立了生物降解沉降量的计算模型。利用该模型,根据相关实测资料,对香港某卫生填埋场内因固体废弃物生物降解产生的沉降量进行了估算,并将估算结果与该填埋场的实测总沉降量进行了比较。  相似文献   

An analytical model for vapor‐phase volatile organic compound diffusion through landfill composite covers          下载免费PDF全文

Haijian Xie  Huaxiang Yan  Hywel R. Thomas  Shijin Feng  Qihua Ran  Peixiong Chen 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2016,40(13):1827-1843

One‐dimensional mathematical models for vapor‐phase volatile organic compound (VOC) diffusion through composite cover barriers are presented. An analytical solution to the model was obtained by the method of separation of variables. The results obtained by the proposed solution agree well with those obtained by a numerical analysis. Based on the proposed analytical model, the VOC breakthrough curves of five different composite covers are compared. The effects of degree of saturation of geosynthetic clay liner (GCL) or compacted clay liner (CCL) on VOC migration in the composite covers are then presented. Results show that the composite cover barriers provide much better diffusion barriers for VOC than the single CCL. The top surface steady‐state flux for a composite barrier, consisting of a 1.5 mm geomembrane (GM) and a 20 cm CCL, can be 8.3 times lower than that for a 30 cm CCL. The surface steady‐state flux for the case with (1.5 mm GM + 6 mm GCL) was found to be 2.3 times lower than that for the case with (1.5 mm GM + 20 cm CCL). The degree of saturation S_r of the CCL has a great influence on VOC migration in composite covers when S_r is larger than 0.5. The steady‐state flux at the surface of GM for the case with S_r = 0.7 can be 1.8 times lower than that for the case with S_r = 0.2. The proposed analytical model is relatively simple and can be used for verification of complicated numerical models, analysis of experimental data and performance assessment of composite cover barriers. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

矿物法组合处理垃圾填埋场渗滤液的研究     

凌辉  鲁安怀  王长秋  周建工  王健 《矿物学报》2011,31(1):95-101

垃圾填埋场渗滤液水质复杂,危害性大,对其无害化处理尚未得到很好解决。研究发现,垃圾渗滤液中有机污染物可标识划分为亲水性和疏水性两大类物质。实验针对性采用亲水的天然膨润土处理亲水性有机物,疏水的有机膨润土处理疏水性有机物,再结合鸟粪石结晶法去除氨氮,从而获得一套处理中晚期垃圾渗滤液的经济高效的矿物法组合处理技术。采用GC-MS技术鉴定经矿物法处理后的垃圾渗滤液,亲水性和疏水性有机污染物的种类和含量都明显降低。检测进水与出水的COD、氨氮及重金属浓度这三项关键指标,垃圾渗滤液原液COD为2566 mg/L,氨氮3859 mg/L,重金属Hg为0.305 mg/L。矿物法组合处理后出水的COD为245mg/L,氨氮48 mg/L,重金属Hg未检出。矿物组合法为垃圾渗滤液的无害化处理提供了一条新的思路。  相似文献   

城市垃圾的生物处理技术   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

羊依金  邹长武  张雪乔  丁恒康 《成都信息工程学院学报》2006,21(2):268-272

生物技术是实现城市垃圾无害化和资源化的一种有效手段。重点阐述了城市垃圾生物处趣的基本原理及3种主要的生物处理方法，简要介绍了城市垃圾生物处理方法中的一些新技术及发展趋势，为寻找适合我国国情的垃圾处理技术提供一些参考。  相似文献   

Bioreactor landfill     

WANG Hao  XING Kai  Anthony Adzomani 《世界地质(英文版)》2004,7(1)

Following the population expansion, there is a growing threat brought by municipal solid waste (MSW) against environment and human health. Sanitary landfill is the most important method of MSW disposal in China. In contrast to the conventional landfill, this paper introduces a new technique named bioreactor landfill (BL). Mechanisms, operation conditions as well as the advantages and disadvantages of BL are also discussed in this paper.  相似文献   

Turning hustlers into entrepreneurs,and social needs into market demands: Corporate–community encounters in Nairobi,Kenya     

《Geoforum》2015

This article contributes an empirically rich account of a social enterprise project embedded in local urban economies of Nairobi, Kenya. The confluence of rapid, unplanned urbanisation and economic liberalisation has led to growing formations of informal settlements and a vibrant informal sector across post-colonial cities. These “slum” neighbourhoods, housing the majority of the urban population on a fraction of the city’s land, are often ignored and marginalized by the state and municipal authorities, particularly with regards to basic service provision. At the same time, slum economies provide entry-points for various enterprise-led development schemes seeking to commercially engage both entrepreneurial individuals and their existing customer base in order to scale access to unmet needs. The discussion is based on an ethnographic study in one of Nairobi’s largest informal settlements, which focused on the everyday practices of a local micro-franchise called “Community Cleaning Services”. The article illustrates how waste workers and self-proclaimed “hustlers” were turned into micro-franchisee entrepreneurs providing a sanitation service to residential customers, through their engagement with Community Cleaning Services. This ethnographic account raises two potentially contradictory but inter-related debates that are rarely considered alongside one another in the existing literature on corporate involvement in low-income markets. First, it reframes the critiques of enterprise-led initiatives to “poverty alleviation” by focusing on the implications of commercialising “basic” services and on the logistical and cultural challenges of turning social needs into market demands. Second, it emphasises the often-invisible role of grassroots informal economies in enabling access to vital services in the absence of an adequately resourced and responsive municipality. The article concludes with a broader reflection on the effects and limitations of corporate-led development schemes targeting the urban poor and points to the contrasting logics of grassroots entrepreneurial urbanism and corporate—albeit “socially responsible”—parameters of success.  相似文献   

Achieving “Total Sanitation” in Rural African Geographies: Poverty,Participation and Pit Latrines in Eastern Zambia     

《Geoforum》2015

Over one billion of the poorest people on earth continue to practice open defecation. A complex assemblage of factors, embedded within prevailing inequities and inequalities, continue to betray efforts to improve this. Subsidy-based projects have had little impact in rural Africa where sanitation remains under-prioritised by the state and donors. Community-led total sanitation (CLTS) offers a new, people-centric approach conceptually grounded in participatory development. But despite its broad appeal, the CLTS policy narrative has become equated with quick results, low-cost, provocative language and the potential for community self-help. Drawing on research in Katete district, Eastern Zambia, this paper explores tensions between CLTS theory, policy, practice and local realities. Rapidly scaled-up by local government, poor management and stakeholder engagement effectively diluted the approach, and continued the “projectification” of the sanitation sector. Open defecation, both symbolically and practically, represented an embedded marginalisation from the modern Zambian state where multiple barriers to latrine construction coexisted in the context of fragile livelihoods. In such agrarian communities, CLTS cannot be conceptualised as a blanket approach quickly bringing total sanitation to the masses. For its strengths to be realised in contexts of rural poverty, a targeted strategy that builds local institutional capacity and iteratively scales-up over time is needed. But realising this in practice requires moving beyond a prevailing emphasis on “open defecators” to engage complex issues of power and politics in sanitation governance.  相似文献