Building Capacity for Environmental Management: local knowledge and rehabilitation on the Gippsland Red Gum Plains     

Thomas G. Measham 《The Australian geographer》2007,38(2):145-159

Community-based natural resource management (CBNRM) continues to attract interest as a way of achieving social and environmental outcomes at the local and regional scale. Central to the success of CBNRM is the importance of capacity building and participatory approaches to research and management. This paper discusses an initiative in East Gippsland which involved a facilitated process to assist local residents build their capacity to manage their landscape. Through conducting a community survey, the project facilitated landholders to voice, develop and refine their understanding of remnant vegetation management, dieback and revegetation on private land. In doing so, landholders have improved not only their understanding of the issues but also their ability to act upon them. The empirical findings of the study highlight two issues of relevance to dieback on the East Gippsland Red Gum Plains. First, there is a perception that dieback has remained stable for at least 10 years. Second, scattered trees and small patches of trees are more vulnerable to dieback than clumped trees in larger patch sizes, as well as roadside vegetation. The research demonstrates the value of a community-based approach to NRM in terms of harnessing local knowledge, fostering human and social capital and engaging with interested landholders.  相似文献   

灰色系统和BP神经网络相结合的矿产资源预测模型   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

单明霞  俞锋  柳炳利 《物探化探计算技术》2007,29(5):443-445

这里介绍了灰色系统和BP神经网络相结合的预测原理,利用BP网络,对改进的GM(1,1)残差修正模型所得预测的结果进行再预测的组合预测模型,并对攀枝花市钒钛磁铁矿的产量进行了预测。计算结果表明,该预测方法是可靠的,并具有较高的预测精度。  相似文献   

华南晚中生代陆弧迁移与海域盆地演化     

朱伟林  徐旭辉  王斌  曹倩  陈春峰  高顺莉  冯凯龙  付晓伟 《地学前缘》2022,29(6):277-290

陆弧和弧前盆地是俯冲体系中具有密切联系的构造单元。中生代以来,华南受多期板块俯冲的控制,发育大规模岩浆岩带及海域广泛分布的弧前盆地。但陆域弧岩浆岩较少,海域又缺乏足够钻井,各时期陆弧的位置存在较大争议,同时,南海北部至东海一带弧前盆地也缺乏系统认识,因此,亟须新的研究思路深化对华南晚中生代俯冲体系和俯冲过程的认识。本文以前人研究为基础,对海域钻遇中生界的典型钻井进行了详细分析,系统开展了海域盆地区域构造和沉积对比,将弧前盆地发育与岛弧变迁相结合综合分析。结果表明早侏罗世—早白垩世陆弧位于南海北部—东海靠近陆域一侧,经历了早侏罗世局限陆弧、中晚侏罗世沿海陆弧带、早白垩世向海沟方向的迁移。在此过程中,华南海域弧前盆地群于中侏罗世正式形成,早白垩世发育盆缘角度不整合,粗碎屑相带向海沟方向迁移,晚白垩南海北部与东海各自进入新的构造体制,结束弧前盆地的发育。华南沿海海域中生代盆地的发育可为陆弧的展布提供重要约束,弧岩浆岩带的迁移控制了弧前盆地的演化。  相似文献   

Dating basal peat: The geochronology of peat initiation revisited     

《Quaternary Geochronology》2022

Attributing the start of peat growth to an absolute timescale requires dating the bottom of peat deposits overlying mineral sediment, often called the basal peat. Peat initiation is reflected in the stratigraphy as a gradual transition from mineral sediment to increasingly organic material, up to where it is called peat. So far, varying criteria have been used to define basal peat, resulting in divergent approaches to date peat initiation. The lack of a universally applicable and quantitative definition, combined with multiple concerns that have been raised previously regarding the radiocarbon dating of peat, may result in apparent ages that are either too old or too young for the timing of peat initiation. Here, we aim to formulate updated recommendations for dating peat initiation. We provide a conceptual framework that supports the use of the organic matter (OM) gradient for a quantitative and reproducible definition of the mineral-to-peat transition (i.e., the stratigraphical range reflecting the timespan of the peat initiation process) and the layer defined as basal peat (i.e., the stratigraphical layer that is defined as the bottom of a peat deposit). Selection of dating samples is often challenging due to poor preservation of plant macrofossils in basal peat, and the representativity of humic and humin dates for the age of basal peat is uncertain. We therefore analyse the mineral-to-peat transition based on three highly detailed sequences of radiocarbon dates, including dates of plant macrofossils and the humic and humin fractions obtained from bulk samples. Our case study peatland in the Netherlands currently harbours a bog vegetation, but biostratigraphical analyses show that during peat initiation the vegetation was mesotrophic. Results show that plant macrofossils provide the most accurate age in the mineral-to-peat transition and are therefore recommendable to use for ¹⁴C dating basal peat. If these are unattainable, the humic fraction provides the best alternative and is interpreted as a terminus-ante-quem for peat initiation. The potential large age difference between dates of plant macrofossils and humic or humin dates (up to ∼1700 years between macrofossil and humic ages, and with even larger differences for humins) suggests that studies reusing existing bulk dates of basal peat should take great care in data interpretation. The potentially long timespan of the peat initiation process (with medians of ∼1000, ∼1300 and ∼1500 years within our case study peatland) demonstrates that choices regarding sampling size and resolution need to be well substantiated. We summarise our findings as a set of recommendations for dating basal peats, and advocate the widespread use of OM determination to obtain a low-cost, quantitative and reproducible definition of basal peat that eases intercomparison of studies.  相似文献   

西准噶尔晚古生代中基性岩墙群岩石学成因及地质意义   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

贺新星  肖龙  王国灿  高睿  杨钢  鄢圣武 《地球科学》2015,40(5):777-796

中基性岩墙群的形成及产出对研究区域大地构造背景和岩浆演化过程具有重要的地质意义.对西准噶尔地区的夏尔蒲中基性岩墙群和小西湖中基性岩墙群中样品(共18件)进行了岩石学、锆石U-Pb年代学、岩石地球化学和同位素地球化学等方面的研究.结果显示,夏尔蒲和小西湖岩墙群岩石类型以闪长玢岩为主,含少量辉绿岩.LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年代学表明夏尔蒲岩墙群的侵位年龄为308.6±5.5 Ma.岩石均具有高Mg#(＞40)、MgO(＞3%)、Al₂O₃(＞16%);全岩A/CNK值多在0.9左右,A/NK＞2,属准铝质岩石;岩石整体属钙碱性玄武岩/安山岩系列.岩石具有较低的稀土总量(多在40×10-6~60×10-6),具轻稀土富集、重稀土亏损及Eu正异常等特征((La/Yb)_N为3.03~11.32,δEu=1.00~1.20);明显富集大离子亲石元素K、Rb、Ba、Sr,亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta、Ti、Th,呈现了俯冲消减带岩石的地球化学特征.同时,岩石具有较高的Sr(均大于500 ×10-6)、较低的Y(大多小于10×10-6)和Yb(多在1×10-6左右)含量,较高的Sr/Y比值(36~95),大多数样品具有富镁埃达克质岩石的组成特征.岩石具有亏损的Sr-Nd同位素组成((87Sr/86Sr)_i=0.703 58~0.703 80,ε_Nd(t)=5.76~6.34).元素及同位素地球化学资料表明岩浆源区中既有亏损地幔组分的参与,又有俯冲消减作用的印迹.结合区域地质特征及前人研究成果,结果表明晚石炭世时西准噶尔地区已进入后碰撞阶段.由于俯冲残留大洋板片部分熔融,产生的熔体在与亏损地幔一定程度相互作用后,经单斜辉石的分离结晶而形成了夏尔蒲和小西湖岩墙群中富镁埃达克质岩石;而来源于亏损地幔的岩浆同样经单斜辉石的分离结晶后,形成了夏尔蒲岩墙群中的辉绿岩和小西湖岩墙群中的角闪闪长玢岩.大规模中基性岩墙群的产出则进一步表明晚石炭世时西准噶尔地区处于后碰撞的伸展拉张构造背景之下.   相似文献   

南海北部陆缘东部中生代沉积的地震反射特征   总被引：14，自引：3，他引：14  

姚伯初 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》1995,15(1):81-90

本文介绍了中美合作在南海北部陆缘进行的双船地震（合成排列剖面）工作，讨论了新生代沉积之下的中生代沉积之地震反射特征，在今日陆架新生代沉积之下的中生代沉积之地震反射表现杂乱，低振幅和不连续特性，而在今日上陆坡新生代沉积之下的中生代沉积之地震反射呈现连续，较强振幅和可和距离对比的特征。根据地球物理特征及区域地质资料，我们指出燕山运动时间广东大陆边缘的构造格架：今日东沙群岛－彭湖列岛一带火山弧，今日陆架  相似文献   

南海北部陆架柱状沉积物记录的残留沉积   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

肖尚斌  陈木宏  陆钧  陈忠  向荣  郑范  谢强  陈莉 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2006,26(3):1-5

对南海北部外陆架珠江口西南的E602孔进行了粒度分析和AMS14C年龄测定,通过沉积学分析,认为该孔沉积物形成于近滨环境,时间为全新世初期。根据岩性的变化将该孔分为上下2段,下段岩性较均匀,粒度参数变化较小,主要是风暴成因的递变悬浮沉积序列,形成于近滨上部环境;上段为均匀悬浮,为近滨下部环境。该孔下段的沉积作用主要是对晚更新世低海平面时沉积物的改造和再沉积,基本没有新的陆源物质加入,属于残留沉积或准残留沉积,只是在晚期的上段沉积中才有少量以细粒物质为主的新物源加入。  相似文献   

ESOP,a new Fabry-Perot spectrophotometer. Observations of the iron coronal lines in Puppis A     

D. Dubreuil  J. L. Sauvageot  C. Blondel  G. Dhenain  P. Mestreau  P. Mulet 《Experimental Astronomy》1995,6(3):257-273

In this paper we present a new spectrophotometer ESOP (Expérience Spectroscopique d'Observation des Plasmas). We describe its general features and characteristics. We report the first spectrophotometric results on the Puppis A supernova remnant on the coronal iron line emission. These [FeXIV] observations were in the vicinity of the Eastern X-ray knot. We have observed at 30 scale. In appendices we describe in more details some specific technical points.Based on observations obtained at ESO-La Silla Observatory.  相似文献   

朋曲组——西藏南部最高海相层位一个新的地层单元   总被引：13，自引：1，他引：12  

李祥辉  王成善  胡修棉 《地层学杂志》2000,24(3):243-248

西藏南部定日地区遮普惹山向斜核部近来发现一套非碳酸盐型海相沉积 ,由黄绿色页岩含砂岩、紫红色砂页岩组成 ,总厚约 180 m,产丰富的钙质超微化石 ,时代属始新世中—晚期 (路特中晚期—巴顿早期 ) ,延时约 10个Ma(5 0～ 40 Ma B.P.)。这套地层显然与过去在该区命名的碳酸盐型最高海相层位不同 ,本文命名为朋曲组 ,包括两个段 :下部恩巴段 ,黄绿色页岩夹砂岩 ,含超微化石带 NP15 ,限时路特中—晚期 ,属残留海浊流沉积 ;上部扎果段 ,紫红色砂、页岩 ,含超微化石带 NP16 ,局限于路特末期—巴顿早期 ,系入海三角洲相。这套非碳酸盐型最高海相层的发现有三点重要意义 :1)第一次在研究区建立了始新统的较为精确的化石、年代地层 ;　 2 )在西藏特提斯喜马拉雅发现了真正碰撞型残留海沉积建造 ;　 3)为新特提斯洋在西藏南部最后关闭和西藏南部早期隆升的时间确定提供了直接依据。  相似文献   

西藏札达盆地及周缘高山区第四纪冰川遗迹与冰期的初步划分和对比   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

朱大岗  孟宪刚  邵兆刚  杨朝斌  韩建恩  余佳  孟庆伟  吕荣平 《地质力学学报》2005,11(4):311-319

札达盆地及周缘高山区的第四纪冰川遗迹分布广泛,类型齐全、发育连续.特征的冰碛及冰水堆积地貌有:冰水堆积平原或冰水堆积平台、冰碛丘陵等.挤压构造遗迹有:褶皱、断裂表皮构造、压坑、压裂构造、变形砾石等.ESR年代测定结果表明,冰碛形成的最大年龄为2.33Ma.依据冰碛、冰水堆积的特征、分布和形成年代等,区域冰川发育由老到新可划分出:7次冰期、6次间冰期、1次冰缘期、1次新冰期.该区是目前所知青藏高原第四纪冰川遗迹发现最多、保存最全和发育最连续的地区,为青藏高原地区的第四纪冰川演化研究、冰期的划分和对比、古气候古环境的研究,提供了重要的实际资料和依据.   相似文献