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成都市地震烈度速报台网建设与思考 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
汶川8级大地震后,因交通、通讯中断等多种原因,无法及时确定地震灾区受灾范围与震害程度,给党和政府指挥抗震救灾带来了困难,为此,成都市在实施灾后重建项目时,建立了以地震烈度速报为目标的地震烈度速报台网,在破坏性地震发生后,能快速获取灾区的受灾范围和破坏程度等重要信息,为抗震救灾提供科学决策依据。 相似文献
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近年来,我国大陆西部地区破坏性地震频发。通过地震现场的烈度考察和灾害调查等工作,迅速向社会公开发布地震烈度图,为地震应急救援、灾后恢复重建发挥重要作用。该文通过剖析2013年4月20日芦山7.0级地震烈度,发现其主要依据是居民点建筑物的破坏情况,和以滑坡为主的其他次生山地灾害、峰值加速度等代表的强地面运动分布存在显著差异,而受发震构造、震源分布、破裂过程、震源机制等因素约束不强。另外的几次地震也存在类似问题,并且有的地震修订烈度图可能不利于使用,所有地震都没有烈度异常区(点),越来越近似于共焦点等间距椭圆,烈度图的科学性存在疑问。针对这些问题,进一步提出对烈度速报问题的认识和展望。 相似文献
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2016年,四川测震台网部署JOPENS地震超快速报系统。2017年3月20日系统进入试运行阶段,统计分析产出的地震数据,发现震级、震中位置等出现偏差,并存在漏报、误报等现象。选取地震的第1次和最后1次自动定位结果,与传统的人工速报和地震编目定位结果进行对比分析,评估地震超快速报系统的准确性和实效性。结果表明：地震超快速报系统总体运行稳定,定位精度低于人工速报,速度和精确度与地震台站分布密切相关;与传统的人工速报相比,超快自动速报具有明显的速度优势,可在地震发生后几秒至几十秒内自动确定地震三要素,地震定位的准确性和实效性满足超快速报要求。 相似文献
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Historically, there has been a dispute over water allocation between users and policymakers in Iran's Zayandeh-Roud Basin (ZRB). In this study, we used the “System of Environmental-Economic Accounting for Water” (SEEAW) framework in combination with the hydrologic model “Soil and Water Assessment Tool” (SWAT) to achieve the water balance in ZRB. We used SEEAW to combine a wide range of water-related statistics across stakeholders and SWAT to evaluate the unknown agricultural water use. The SWAT model is calibrated based on the stream flows and crop yields in the basin. The model assess the renewable water of the basin into two components, about 363 and 70 mm as green and blue water, respectively. Also results from the physical water supply and water use tables demonstrates that the agricultural sector uses 78% of the total renewable freshwater, followed by the residential, 16%, and the industrial sector, 6%. The flows of water from source to services in ZRB are traced based on the water supply and water use tables. The flow diagram shows that 8 MCM of industrial reused water was transferred to the agricultural sector, and 137 MCM and 18 MCM of water from the wastewater treatment plants to the agricultural and industrial sectors, respectively. Furthermore, the results show that the index of the basin dependence on groundwater resources is high (61%), the value of water stress is high (0.88) and the dependence of the basin on transboundary water resources is 30%. Therefore, this method is highly beneficial for achieving a conceptual water balance in disputed basins without enough agricultural water uses data. 相似文献
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针对我国制定的珍珠分级国家标准,仅对影响珍珠品质各因素做了等级划分,并未给出首饰级珍珠的总品质等级的确定方法和标准,造成分级标准与国际上报价体系不接轨,使其在市场上无法广泛应用等问题,系统总结国际流行的各大珍珠分级标准和报价体系,通过对比分析我国国标存在的问题,提出我国养殖珍珠分级和报价的改进方法。即借鉴美国GIA或RichardH．Cartier的珍珠总品质分级方法,在原国家分级标准上根据各品质因素对总品质影响权重计算珍珠总品质等级（1～10级）;并推行对应珍珠总质量等级的报价体系,呼吁国家权威机构定期发布珍珠价格信息,以规范珍珠市场,为珍珠评估提供依据。 相似文献
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蔡亚先 《大地测量与地球动力学》1993,(3)
制定统一的地震计测试和报告标准是当前急待进行的工作。本文就测试的激励输入方式、地震计自身噪声测试和环境噪声灵敏度测试等重要问题提出了测试和报告标准建议,使得在现有设备条件下能有效地开展这项工作。 相似文献
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K. Hipel X. Yin D. M. Kilgour 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》1995,9(2):151-170
A formal mathematical model is developed to ascertain the effectiveness of a reporting system for improving the enforcement of environmental laws and regulations when reports are costly. To model realistic enforcement problems arising over environmental issues such as compliance to water and air quality standards, a formal enforcement model is constructed using concepts from probability and statistics, non-cooperative game theory, and economics. In order to demonstrate clearly the benefits gained when an environmental agency takes advantage of a reporting system, a formal enforcement model with a costly reporting system is rigorously compared to one with no reporting system. The calculation and comparison of Nash equilibria for a range of values of model parameters indicates under what conditions a reporting system can be truly effective. Overall, it is found that a reporting system, such as whistle-blowing, can be helpful for reducing violations of environmental standards, thereby maintaining better environmental quality. 相似文献
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