Soil erosion and sediment interception by check dams in a watershed for an extreme rainstorm on the Loess Plateau,China     

《国际泥沙研究》2020,35(4):408-416

The magnitude of soil erosion and sediment load reduction efficiency of check dams under extreme rainstorms is a long-standing concern. The current paper aims to use check dams to deduce the amount of soil erosion under extreme rainstorms in a watershed and to identify the difference in sediment interception efficiency of different types of check dams. Based on the sediment deposition at 12 check dams with 100% sediment interception efficiency and sub-catchment clustering by taking 12 dam-controlled catchments as clustering criteria, the amount of soil erosion resulting from an extreme rainstorm event on July 26, 2017 (named “7·26” extreme rainstorm) was estimated in the Chabagou watershed in the hill and gully region of the Loess Plateau. The differences in the sediment interception efficiency among the check dams in the watershed were analyzed according to field observations at 17 check dams. The results show that the average erosion intensity under the “7–26” extreme rainstorm was approximately 2.03 × 10⁴ t/km², which was 5 times that in the second largest erosive rainfall in 2017 (4.15 × 10³ t/km²) and 11–384 times that for storms in 2018 (0.53 × 10² t/km² - 1.81 × 10³ t/km²). Under the “7–26” extreme rainstorm, the amount of soil erosion in the Chabagou watershed above the Caoping hydrological station was 4.20 × 10⁶ t. The sediment interception efficiency of the check dams with drainage canals (including the destroyed check dams) and with drainage culverts was 6.48 and 39.49%, respectively. The total actual sediment amount trapped by the check dams was 1.11 × 10⁶ t, accounting for 26.36% of the total amount of soil erosion. In contrast, 3.09 × 10⁶ t of sediment were input to the downstream channel, and the sediment deposition in the channel was 2.23 × 10⁶ t, accounting for 53.15% of the total amount of soil erosion. The amount of sediment transport at the hydrological station was 8.60 × 10⁵ t. The Sediment Delivery Ratio (SDR) under the “7·26” extreme rainstorm was 0.21. The results indicated that the amount of soil erosion was huge, and the sediment interception efficiency of the check dams was greatly reduced under extreme rainstorms. It is necessary to strengthen the management and construction technology standards of check dams to improve the sediment interception efficiency and flood safety in the watershed.  相似文献   

Experimental study of the woody debris trapping efficiency of a steel pipe,open sabo dam     

《国际泥沙研究》2020,35(5):431-443

In recent years, the damage caused to human settlements in Japan by large woody debris (LWD) has been increasing. For example, the 2013 Izu Oshima typhoon resulted in a large number of fatalities and missing persons, and the Kagoshima Typhoon Disaster and Northern Kyusyu torrential downpour caused vast infrastructure damage due to the associated LWD. Current countermeasures for preventing LWD are insufficient to maintain the safety of residential areas. One type of protective barrier, the open sabo dam, has been constructed in Japan during the past 30 years. The primary function of open sabo dams is to block the flow of boulders, thereby also reducing sediment flow by reducing the gap size. However, because Japanese open sabo dams are designed specifically for boulder-trapping, the ability of these dams to trap LWD remains uncertain. In particular, many problems have been reported with respect to sediment trapping by driftwood with roots in an open sabo dam setting. The objective of this study was to examine the trapping efficiency of open sabo dams for LWD and sediment. The experimental approach clarified the influence of driftwood, without and with roots, on sediment trapping for a straight-channel flume. The flexible roots of the driftwood were shown to have a significant effect on the sediment trapping efficiency of the dam.  相似文献   

拱坝坝肩三维稳定可靠度分析   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

武清玺  王德信 《岩土力学》1998,19(1):45-49

以随机块体理论为基础,建立了拱坝坝肩三维稳定可靠度分析的计算模型,推导了用全概率法分析其可靠度的基本公式,研制的电算程序用于实际工程,得到了比较合理的计算结果,验证了本方法的可行和实用性。  相似文献   

A review of considerations on seismic safety of embankments and earth and rock-fill dams   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

M. Yener Ozkan 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》1998,17(7-8):439-458

An attempt has been made to summarise the methods of approach used in assessing the dynamic behaviour and safety of earth and rock-fill dams under seismic shaking until about the present time, from the soil engineer's point of view. Shortcomings of the pseudo-static method, procedures to estimate the permanent deformations, liquefaction effects, and experience gained from the previous events have been reviewed. Observing that the most important cause of instability is the occurence liquefaction during ground motions, cyclic approach and steady-state approach in assessing the liquefaction potential have been addressed and recent practical approaches of analysis and design have been referred. It has been found noteworthy to recall that incidence of failure or serious damage to well-engineered dams has not been experienced, even under strong ground shaking.  相似文献   

大型天然水体的环境效应研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

柴贺军 《地质灾害与环境保护》1998,9(2):7-12

结合典型实例,论述大型天然水体－－堰塞湖从形成到消亡过程中产生的灾害链和环境效应链,包括堰塞湖的淹没、边岸再造、堰塞沉积物、次生洪水、永久性不良地质环境的灾害和环境效应对人民生命财产的威胁,以及对水利水电、航运、公路和铁路工程的不良影响。  相似文献   

深基坑锚杆护坡桩支护结构稳定性评价   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

李峰 《中国煤田地质》1998,10(2):44-47

锚杆护坡桩是深基坑工程常用的一种支护结构。文中对设计中所涉及到的结构稳定性评价问题进行了探讨,利用Ｋｒａｎｚ理论一些假设和条分法原理,提出了深基坑锚杆抗护坡桩稳定性评价的方法。该方法克服了Ｋｒａｎｚ理论中的一些不足,简化了条分法的计算并通过支护工程验证,具有一定的实用价值。  相似文献   

Slope stability FEM analysis and retaining wall design: a case study of clinker in Benxi of Liaoning     

Aref M. O. AL-JABALI  Lei NIE  Jianlei LIU  Huangping DING  Nengjuan ZHOU  Mohammed HAZAEA 《世界地质(英文版)》2008,11(2)

Stability is always the most important problem after high slope was excavated. The study analyzed the stress and strain inside the slope by Finite Element Method (FEM) and carried through stress distribution and failure zone, then analyzed the stability of the slope using three different methods and came to the conclusion that it is in unstable condition, so the designed retaining wall was put forward which makes the slope stable.  相似文献   

Discrete modelling of time‐dependent rockfill behaviour     

Claire Silvani  Thierry Désoyer  Stéphane Bonelli 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2009,33(5):665-685

This modelling study deals with the time‐dependent behaviour of rockfill media, which is of particular interest during the life of rockfill dams. Breakage of rock blocks and crack propagation are the main processes responsible for rockfill creep and collapse. The modelling procedure presented here is performed on two scales: on the rock block scale, where the grain is taken to be an assembly of rigid particles initially endowed with cohesive bonds, and on the rockfill scale, which is taken to involve a set of breakable grains interacting via contact and friction processes. The grain breakage process is described in term of a thermodynamically consistent damage interface model, where the damage is a gradual delayed process. This model was implemented in a non‐smooth contact dynamics code. The effects of the main parameters involved were analysed by performing numerical studies. The ability of the model to predict the creep behaviour of rockfill media is confirmed by presenting several simulations. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

利用SVM与ARIMA组合模型进行大坝变形预测     

杨恒  岳建平  周钦坤 《测绘通报》2021,(4):74-78

由于大坝位移时间序列数据受各种复杂因素的影响,具有非平稳和非线性等特征,因此,利用传统、单一的时间序列预测模型较难准确地描述大坝位移变形的复杂规律。综合考虑大坝位移时间序列非线性和线性特征,本文提出了一种SVM和ARIMA相结合的时间序列预测模型。将大坝变形的时间序列分为非线性部分和线性部分。针对非线性部分,利用SVM进行滚动预测,并与NAR动态神经网络进行对比,试验表明SVM处理非线性问题具有相对的优势;针对线性部分,通过ARIMA模型对其进行单步滚动预测,综合两项预测结果得到组合模型的预测值。结合大坝实测资料对组合模型进行检验,试验结果表明,SVM-ARIMA组合模型的预测精度高,能更好地描述大坝位移的变化趋势,具有一定的实用价值。  相似文献   

深厚覆盖层上高土石坝极限抗震能力分析   总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5  

赵剑明  温彦锋  刘小生  陈宁  常亚屏  刘启旺  王宏 《岩土力学》2010,31(Z1):41-47

针对强震区深厚覆盖层上高土石坝的特点,在三维真非线性有效应力地震反应分析基础上,提出了一套深厚覆盖层上高土石坝极限抗震能力的研究方法。从稳定、变形、防渗体安全等方面,对建在深厚覆盖层上的长河坝高心墙堆石坝的极限抗震能力进行了研究和分析。根据坝坡稳定性、地震残余变形、液化可能性、单元抗震安全性、防渗心墙及坝基防渗墙安全等多角度的评价结果,初步认为,长河坝的极限抗震能力为0.50～0.55g。  相似文献