有害藻华治理过程中改性粘土对仿刺参(Apostichopus japonicas Selenka)稚参的影响   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

王志富  俞志明  宋秀贤  曹西华  刘楷 《海洋与湖沼》2014,45(2):233-238

本文以仿刺参(Apostichopus japonicas Selenka)稚参为实验对象,研究了改性黏土治理有害藻华技术对仿刺参稚参的影响。96h急性毒性试验结果表明,改性黏土对仿刺参稚参的半致死浓度(LC50)为6.01g/L;安全浓度为0.601g/L,高于在现场时的使用浓度0.1g/L;慢性毒性试验显示改性黏土对仿刺参稚参成活率和体重增长率无明显影响;不同浓度的改性黏土添加组中,发现仿刺参稚参的体壁组分(水分、灰分、总糖、总脂和粗蛋白)含量变化不大,改性黏土的加入对减少仿刺参稚参的种内竞争有一定积极作用。另外,针对仿刺参稚参食用包括改性黏土在内的底层颗粒物的现象,考察了不同实验组仿刺参稚参体壁中铝的含量,分析结果显示各实验组与对照组没有显著差异。在此基础上,考察了改性黏土有效去除有害藻华的体系中仿刺参稚参的生长情况,发现与对照组相比,改性黏土有效地去除了有害藻华,还明显降低了仿刺参稚参的死亡率。因此,改性黏土是一种有效治理仿刺参养殖水体有害藻华、对养殖生物无负面影响的藻华治理技术。  相似文献   

悬浮液中硫酸根对改性粘土去除藻华生物效率的影响     

刘扬  俞志明  曹西华  宋秀贤  张雅琪  林勇新 《海洋与湖沼》2014,45(4):734-740

本文研究了改性粘土悬浮液中硫酸根对其去除藻华生物效率的影响,通过Zeta电位、沉降速率和粒径分布等分析了改性粘土对藻华生物的去除效率,探讨了硫酸根与改性粘土的作用机制。结果显示:改性粘土对抑食金球藻(Aureococcus anophagefferens)的去除效率随悬浮液中硫酸根浓度的增加呈现先降低后升高的趋势,改性湖北土和改性江苏土对抑食金球藻去除率较低时(40%)的硫酸根浓度分别为6.46×10–3—2.42×10–1mol/L和6.46×10–3—2.42×10–2mol/L;改性粘土颗粒的Zeta电位随着硫酸根浓度的增加而降低,然后保持相对稳定;悬浮液中改性粘土颗粒的沉降速率和中值粒径D50呈现先增加后降低的趋势,对于改性江苏土,在硫酸根浓度为2.42×10–2mol/L时颗粒的沉降速率最大。综上所述,悬浮液中硫酸根主要通过降低粘土颗粒表面电荷密度、桥联改性粘土组分和影响粘土颗粒分散性等作用影响改性粘土对藻华生物的去除效率。  相似文献   

Transcriptome sequencing of essential marine brown and red algal species in China and its significance in algal biology and phylogeny     

WU Shuangxiu  SUN Jing  CHI Shan  WANG Liang  WANG Xumin  LIU Cui  LI Xingang  YIN Jinlong  LIU Tao  YU Jun 《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,33(2):1-12

  相似文献   

Occurrence, distribution and characteristics of beached plastic production pellets on the island of Malta (central Mediterranean)     

Turner A  Holmes L 《Marine pollution bulletin》2011,62(2):377-381

The distribution, abundance and chemical characteristics of plastic production pellets on beaches of the island of Malta have been determined. Pellets were observed at all locations visited and were generally most abundant (>1000 m⁻² at the surface) on the backshores of beaches with a westerly aspect. Most pellets were disc-shaped or flattened cylinders and could be categorised as white, yellow, amber or brown. The polymeric matrix of all pellets analysed by infrared spectroscopy was polyethylene and the degree of yellowing or darkening was associated with an increase in the carbonyl index, hence extent of photo-oxidation or aging. Qualitatively, pellets are similar to those reported for other regions of the Mediterranean in surveys spanning three decades, suggesting that they are a general and persistent characteristic of the region.  相似文献   

昆明黏性土动力特性试验研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

毛尚礼  余湘娟  张富有 《地震工程与工程振动》2011,31(2):170-174

对昆明地区黏性土进行室内的共振柱试验和动三轴试验,初步研究了该地区黏性土的动力特性,得出了不同初始固结比下黏性土的动强度曲线,比较了黏土与粉质黏土的动强度受固结应力比的差异,并对黏性土的动强度与破坏时其振动周数之间的关系曲线进行了拟合,给出了其数学表达式根据试验所得动强度包线的特征和动强度参数,分析了黏性土强度参数的变...  相似文献   

柴达木盆地大浪滩地区表层芒硝的形成时代及环境意义     

马妮娜  郑绵平  马志邦 《地质学报》2011,85(3):433-444

通过对柴达木盆地大浪滩地区的两次实地勘查,发现小梁山多处可见芒硝—碳酸盐粘土互层的露头,选取了完整沉积的D26剖面进行研究。比较盐湖学的研究表明,芒硝是典型的冷相盐类矿物;而碳酸盐粘土和石膏则反映了相对温暖潮湿和温暖的环境。本文通过对芒硝—碳酸盐粘土互层的矿物鉴定,石膏的铀系不平衡法定年,以及结合碳酸盐粘土的碳氧同位素分析,首次揭示出大浪滩地区在倒数第二次冰期（MIS 6阶段）前后经历了偏暖潮湿期（＞195.1 ka BP）→寒冷干旱期（195.1 ~ 169.9 ka BP）→偏暖湿期（169.9 ka BP ka BP）→冷暖交替时期（169.9 ka BP ~ 118 ka BP）→偏暖湿期（118 ka BP）的气候演变序列。经与黄土剖面,深海氧同位素和区域研究资料的对比表明,自中晚更新世以来,大浪滩地区不仅受到区域地质活动的影响,也与全球的气候变化同步响应。  相似文献   

Multi-dimensional chemo-osmotic consolidation of clays     

Yu-Chao Li  P.J. Cleall  H.R. Thomas 《Computers and Geotechnics》2011

A model of chemo-osmotic consolidation of clays in multi-dimensional domains is presented, with volumetric strains induced by both changes in the chemistry and osmotically driven pore water flow considered. Three fully coupled governing equations considering force equilibrium, pore water transport and chemical transport are presented and solved using the transient finite element method. The proposed approach is verified via consideration of chemo-osmotic consolidation of a compacted clay landfill liner and then applied to investigation of a hypothetical case with a local leachate leak in the compacted clay liner. An assessment of the impact of the two-dimensional nature of the system is made. The consolidation process is found to be dominated by osmotic consolidation in the early stages and subsequently by chemical consolidation. It is found that the surface settlement and the leachate concentration in the compacted clay liner may be highly overestimated by a one-dimensional analysis. Moreover, the peak negative excess pore pressure predicted by the two-dimensional solution remains in a shallow region under the leak while in the one-dimensional solution it moves progressively downwards.  相似文献   

Simulation of yielding and stress–stain behavior of shanghai soft clay     

Maosong Huang  Yanhua Liu  Daichao Sheng 《Computers and Geotechnics》2011

In this paper, a simple bounding surface plasticity model is used to reproduce the yielding and stress–strain behavior of the structured soft clay found at Shanghai of China. A series of undrained triaxial tests and drained stress probe tests under isotropic and anisotropic consolidation modes were performed on undisturbed samples of Shanghai soft clay to study the yielding characteristics. The degradation of the clay structure is modeled with an internal variable that allows the size of the bounding surface to decay with accumulated plastic strain. An anisotropic tensor and rotational hardening law are introduced to reflect the initial anisotropy and the evolution of anisotropy. Combined with the isotropic hardening rule, the rotational hardening rule and the degradation law are incorporated into the bounding surface formulation with an associated flow rule. Validity of the model is verified by the undrained isotropic and anisotropic triaxial test and drained stress probe test results for Shanghai soft clay. The effects of stress anisotropy and loss of structure are well captured by the model.  相似文献   

Numerical analysis of an embankment built on soft soil reinforced with deep mixing columns: Parametric study     

Paulo J. Venda Oliveira  João L.P. Pinheiro  António A.S. Correia 《Computers and Geotechnics》2011

The behaviour of an embankment built on normally consolidated soft soil reinforced with deep mixing columns is studied using a coupled soil–water formulation. The numerical predictions are analysed in terms of settlements, increments in vertical effective stresses and excess pore pressures. Firstly, the effectiveness of the use of deep mixing columns is studied. Afterwards, a parametric analysis is performed to study the influence on the soil-columns system of the replacement ratio (columns’ spacing), the deformability of the embankment and columns, and the coefficient of vertical permeability of the columns.  相似文献   

双圈管黏土冻结壁形成过程冻胀力模型试验研究     

李海鹏  杨维好  黄家会  宋雷  张涛 《冰川冻土》2011,33(4):801-806

基于相似理论,开展了双圈管同步冻结条件下黏土冻结壁形成过程冻胀力模型试验研究．在试验条件下黏土冻结壁交圈顺序为外圈管、内圈管,两圈管之间,冻结310d后冻结壁发展到井帮位置．随时间发展,外圈管内侧温度分布逐渐均匀,而外圈管外侧仍存在较大温度梯度．结果表明：冻胀力的发展变化与冻结温度场密切相关,且表现出显著的时空不均匀性...  相似文献