崩塌落石产生涌浪的流固耦合运动分析     

黄波林  王世昌  殷跃平  刘广宁  陈小婷 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2013,43(6):1936

库区崩塌落石以直接打击和涌浪的形式威胁航道安全。三维流体力学与固体力学耦合分析崩塌落石产生的涌浪是目前该领域的研究热点和未来发展方向。以三峡库区巫峡剪刀峰河道为例,利用Flow-3D首次建立了一个k-ε湍流模型和GMO碰撞模型的流固耦合模型,假定的落石体积为1.2×10⁴ m³。流固耦合分析结果显示:运动物体在陆地斜坡上进行弹跳、翻滚、滑动;进入水体后,其运动受水体严重影响,运动物体将一部分能量传递给水体,能量传递率约为6.54%;水体获得了能量,最大涌浪达到10 m,但衰减很快,至河道中心线时浪高2.4 m,至对岸边浪高为0.89 m。根据涌浪高度大小进行了航道预警分区,建议将预警区北航道线南移350 m左右,航道内涌浪风险将大大降低,航道安全度得到提高。  相似文献   

基于波浪理论的水库地质灾害涌浪数值分析方法          下载免费PDF全文

黄波林  殷跃平 《水文地质工程地质》2012,39(4):92-97

有别于国内现行广泛应用Navie-Stokes方程进行地质灾害涌浪的数值模拟技术,本文采用波浪理论对地质灾害涌浪波进行了分析。地质灾害涌浪波是非周期性波,并且有强烈的非线性,介于中等水波至浅水波之间;可用浅水波模型和Boussinesq模型进行数学描述。本文采用有限差分法的Boussinesq模型,以三峡库区龚家方崩滑体涌浪为例,模拟了涌浪波的传播和爬高问题。该模型能够计算形成涌浪瞬时河面、河面最大波高图、最大流速矢量图、最大爬坡和预警分布图。模拟计算结果与调查结果吻合非常好。这说明基于波浪理论的地质灾害涌浪分析方法精度较高,为涌浪的预测研究提供了一种新的研究方法。  相似文献   

浙江省宁海县地质灾害特征及防治对策   总被引：5，自引：2，他引：5  

姚小平 《地质灾害与环境保护》2002,13(4):1-5

宁海县位于浙江东部沿海，是地质灾害多发县之一，近几年来地质灾害频发，且以滑坡和崩塌为主。在全县1880km^2范围内，共发育滑坡66处、崩塌22处，两者总的发育密度和模数分别为0.047个/km^2和436m^2/km^2。分析表明，上述地质灾害的分布与所赋存的地层岩性、地形地貌。地质构造及人类不合理工程活动等因素共同作用有关。  相似文献   

三峡库区奉节库岸崩坡积物旋喷改性试验研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

殷跃平  彭清元 《水文地质工程地质》2004,31(5):1-6

利用高压泥浆泵将纯水泥浆以高速喷射流切割周围松散岩土体，使水泥浆与岩土体搅拌混合，达到改良岩土体性质提高其强度的目的。试验表明，通过高压旋喷注浆对崩积体地层进行改性技术试验后，岩土体工程力学性能有较大提高，旋喷固结体抗压强度平均值为1．99MPa，远远高于岩土体强度；旋喷固结体具有稳定的加固效果并有较好的耐久、耐侵蚀性能。声波测试显示灌浆孔周围动弹模量有明显提高。微观分析表明，加固体的抗崩解性能强，有一定的化学稳定性。但旋喷固结体抗剪性能较差，微孔隙还比较发育，设计时应扬长避短，可考虑在浆液中添加适量的补强、抗蚀成分(石膏等)，以进一步提高桩的抗剪强度和抵抗化学侵蚀的能力。高压旋喷注浆能适用于三峡库区内松散堆积层工程地质性质改良，主要用于增加地基强度、增加土的摩擦力及固着力、防止洪水冲刷、降低土的含水量和防渗帷幕等工程。  相似文献   

重庆南川市甑子岩W12 #危岩崩塌预警分析   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

任幼蓉  陈鹏  张军  谢强 《中国地质灾害与防治学报》2005,16(2):28-31,37

岩崩是基岩山区一种常遇的地质灾害，具有突发性强，可预见性差，危害性大的特点。文章通过对重庆南川金佛山甑子岩W12^#危岩体现场勘查，分析了该危岩体的成因机制和破坏模式。采用常规监测仪器和人工变形量测手段进行了预警预报研究，成功地预报了金佛山甑子岩W12^#危岩的崩塌，避免了重大的经济损失和人员伤亡。研究成果可为研究岩崩系统发展演化机制、探索突发性地质灾害的空间预警和防灾减灾决策提供可靠依据。  相似文献   

TOWARDS A UNIFORM CONCEPT FOR THE COMPARISON AND EXTRAPOLATION OF ROCKWALL RETREAT AND ROCKFALL SUPPLY   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

MICHAEL KRAUTBLATTER  RICHARD DIKAU 《Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography》2007,89(1):21-40

Rates of rockwall retreat and rockfall supply are fundamental components of sediment budgets in steep environments. However, the standard procedure of referencing rockwall retreat rates using only lithology is inconsistent with research findings and results in a variability that exceeds three orders of magnitude. The concept proposed in this paper argues that the complexity inherent in rockfall studies can be reduced if the stages of (i) backweathering, (ii) filling and depletion of intermediate storage on the rock face and (iii) final rockfall supply onto the talus slopes are separated as these have different response functions and controlling factors. Backweathering responds to preweathering and weathering conditions whereas the filling and depletion of intermediate storage in the rock face is mainly a function of internal and external triggers. The noise apparent in backweathering rates and rockfall supply can be reduced by integrating the relevant controlling factors in the response functions. Simple conceptual models for the three stages are developed and are linked by a time‐dependent ‘rockfall delivery rate’, which is defined as the difference between backweathering and rockfall supply, thus reflecting the specific importance of intermediate storage in the rock face. Existing studies can be characterized according to their ‘rockfall delivery ratio’, a concept similar to the ‘sediment delivery ratio’ used in fluvial geomorphology. Their outputs can be qualified as trigger‐dependent rockfall supply rates or backweathering rates dependent on (pre‐)weathering conditions. It is shown that the existing quantitative backweathering and rockfall supply models implicitly follow the proposed conceptual models and can be accommodated into the uniform model. Suggestions are made for how best to incorporate non‐linearities, phase transitions, path dependencies and different timescales into rockfall response functions.  相似文献   

延庆县南天门崩塌灾害的治理研究     

杨少华  刘晓晓  郭英 《城市地质》2015,(Z1):195-199

本文采用了赤平投影的方法,对延庆县南天门崩塌灾害的稳定性进行分析评价,提出采用危岩清理、$5/S防护网等综合治理措施进行治理。实际情况表明,治理措施对防治崩塌灾害是切实有效的。  相似文献   

基于InSAR技术的澜沧江卡贡乡—如美镇段崩滑隐患探测     

陈俊伊  李为乐  陆会燕  李鹏飞  铁永波 《中国地质调查》2022,9(4):134-143

澜沧江卡贡乡—如美镇段位于青藏高原东南部,具有海拔较高、河谷深切、地势起伏大、水力资源丰富的特点。该区域地质构造复杂,发育较多高位地质灾害隐患,严重影响下游水电站建设安全。为保证澜沧江下游水电站的安全建设,利用Stacking-InSAR技术探测澜沧江卡贡乡—如美镇段及其干流两侧5 km范围内的隐患点,获取研究区隐患点数量及分布特征,并选取典型隐患点,分析其在时间序列上的形变特征。结果表明: ①研究区内升轨、降轨影像共探测出崩滑隐患点149处,多具有坡体临空条件好、植被覆盖较少等特点,坡体表面多发育有冲沟,局部多发育浅层崩塌,受风化侵蚀较为严重,结构较为松散; ②研究区的隐患点类型主要为崩塌和滑坡,共探测出崩塌隐患54处,滑坡隐患95处; ③研究区滑坡隐患点坡体多发育有局部崩塌现象,且多处于匀速变形阶段,但视线向年均形变速率与累积形变量较大,坡体较不稳定,对澜沧江沿岸居民及下游水电站建设威胁较大。  相似文献   

Sedimentation processes and facies on a semi-vegetated talus,Lousteau, southwestern France     

Pascal Bertran  Jean-Pierre Texier 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1999,24(2):177-187

A two-year survey of clast displacements on a small rockfall talus at Lousteau, southwestern France, shows that creep reaches up to 19 cm/month near the talus apex, whereas the distal segment remains stable. Movements are not distributed homogeneously but concentrate in distinct areas because of the deflection of clasts by vegetation patches. Sections across the talus reveal stratified deposits, thought to result from the lateral shifting of the tongues of very mobile debris. Poorly sorted gravel layers alternate with coarser debris corresponding to former pavements developed where sedimentation is reduced due to the protective effect of vegetation. Similar deposits have been found in larger, semi-vegetated taluses from the forest belt of the French Alps. Interactions between vegetation development and sedimentation possibly controlled by the climatic changes during postglacial times, may be responsible for their stratification. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Influence of rock mass strength on the erosion rate of alpine cliffs   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Jeffrey R. Moore  Johnny W. Sanders  William E. Dietrich  Steven D. Glaser 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2009,34(10):1339-1352

Collapse of cliff faces by rockfall is a primary mode of bedrock erosion in alpine environments and exerts a first‐order control on the morphologic development of these landscapes. In this work we investigate the influence of rock mass strength on the retreat rate of alpine cliffs. To quantify rockwall competence we employed the Slope Mass Rating (SMR) geomechanical strength index, a metric that combines numerous factors contributing to the strength of a rock mass. The magnitude of cliff retreat was calculated by estimating the volume of talus at the toe of each rockwall and projecting that material back on to the cliff face, while accounting for the loss of production area as talus buries the base of the wall. Selecting sites within basins swept clean by advancing Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) glaciers allowed us to estimate the time period over which talus accumulation occurred (i.e. the production time). Dividing the magnitude of normal cliff retreat by the production time, we calculated recession rates for each site. Our study area included a portion of the Sierra Nevada between Yosemite National Park and Lake Tahoe. Rockwall recession rates determined for 40 alpine cliffs in this region range from 0·02 to 1·22 mm/year, with an average value of 0·28 mm/year. We found good correlation between rockwall recession rate and SMR which is best characterized by an exponential decrease in erosion rate with increasing rock mass strength. Analysis of the individual components of the SMR reveals that joint orientation (with respect to the cliff face) is the most important parameter affecting the rockwall erosion rate. The complete SMR score, however, best synthesizes the lithologic variables that contribute to the strength and erodibility of these rock slopes. Our data reveal no strong independent correlations between rockwall retreat rate and topographic attributes such as elevation, aspect, or slope angle. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献