Secondary ferrimagnetic minerals in Welsh soils: a comparison of mineral magnetic detection methods and implications for mineral formation   总被引：20，自引：0，他引：20  

J. A. Dearing  P. M. Bird  R. J. L. Dann  S. F. Benjamin 《Geophysical Journal International》1997,130(3):727-736

A study of mineral magnetic parameters was carried out on a Late Pleistocene and Holocene sedimentary sequence (of nearly 18 m) from Lake Bledowo (central Poland). Sediments of Lake Bledowo have already been analysed for bulk sediment mineralogy and biogenic materials. The mineral magnetic stratigraphy confirms the major changes in palaeo-environmental conditions that have been deduced from other methods. The most important mineral magnetic change results from the authigenetic formation of ferrimagnetic greigite, Fe₃S₄, during the beginning of lacustrine conditions (± 12 000 yr BP). Our data also indicate a detrital origin of overlying ferrimagnetic iron oxides. It is suggested that they originate from brown soils developed on the boulder clay constituting the west side of the lake shore. Variations of ferrimagnetic iron oxide size are related to the early diagenetic processes in the sediment. Larger particles are present in periods with early diagenesis of organic matter in anoxic conditions. This indicates the dissolution of fine magnetic particles by iron-oxide-reducing bacteria and results in homogeneous magnetic grain sizes, despite their origin from soils, characterized by a multimodal grain-size distribution.  相似文献   

察尔汗盐湖钾盐矿床与晶间卤水分异的关系     

徐少康 《盐湖研究》1996,4(2):64-69

通过钾盐矿床与晶间卤水分异特征及成因的分析对比，认为晶间卤水分异的过程也就是钾盐矿床形成的过程。胶结浸染状固体矿形成于晶间卤水分异初期的浓缩阶段，改造于分异后期的淡化阶段；晶间卤水矿和层状固体矿形成于淡化阶段。  相似文献   

中国板块构造与盐类矿产   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

关绍曾  江宗龙 《化工矿产地质》1996,18(2):73-81

中国大陆的华北、塔里木、准噶尔－兴安、华南及甘青藏等五大板块发展过程中于地块边缘活动带、陆间裂谷、陆内裂谷等场所生成的含盐盆地，沉积了各时期（Ｏ、Ｃ、Ｔ、Ｊ－Ｅ和Ｑ）盐类矿床。通过分析对比认为，甘青藏板块兰坪－思茅拗陷带（Ｊ２－Ｅ１、Ｑ），塔里木板块（Ｃ、Ｋ－Ｅ、Ｑ），华北板块（Ｏ２），华南板块（Ｔ１－２）为成钾有利地带，中国东部众多的Ｋ－Ｅ红层盆地中成钾条件较差  相似文献   

湖泊沉积物-水界面营养元素的生物地球化学作用和环境效应　Ⅰ.界面氮循环及其环境效应   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

吴丰昌  万国江  黄荣贵 《矿物学报》1996,(4)

发生在沉积物-水界面的剧烈生物地球化学作用对沉积物和上覆水体具重要的环境效应，然而此方面研究很少。本文通过云贵高原四个湖泊湖水和孔隙水NH和NO剖面，沉积物柱芯不同结合态氮含量剖面分布，界面扩散通量，影响氮循环的因素及它们季节性变化规律等的对比研究，初步揭示了湖泊沉积物一水界面的氮循环及其环境效应。  相似文献   

四川成都盆地某深层富钾卤水的地球化学特征及成因   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

黄思静  曾允孚 《沉积学报》1997,15(3):67-71

本文报道了四川成都盆地某深层富钾层卤水的化学组成，氧、氢、硫和硼同位素组成以及２５℃等温蒸发析盐过程中，从卤水中获得的固相物质组成。在此基础上讨论了卤水的成因，认为该卤水是蒸发浓缩的海相卤水、非海相卤水以及埋藏成岩过程中封存卤水对地层中海相蒸发盐溶滤作用形成的混合水。  相似文献   

湖相沉积物与全球变化的研究     

ＤｏｕｇｌａｓＦ．Ｗｉｌｉａｍｓ 《地学前缘》1997,(Z1)

为预测未来全球的气候变化，必须了解在过去水圈、气圈与生物圈的各自作用以及它们是如何相互影响的。为此，ＩＧＢＰ（国际地圈－生物圈计划）组织了过去全球变化项目（ＰＡＧＥＳ）。湖相沉积物保存着与ＰＡＧＥＳ有关的不同时空尺度的丰富的地球系统历史信息，特别是湖相沉积物包含着可以说明全球气候变化的水圈与生物圈的陆源组分的反应。这种信息对了解影响气候变化的流域是如何发展的至关重要。笔者应用西伯利亚贝加尔湖与中国西北部青海湖作为两个实例，叙述了多学科研究湖相沉积物物理与化学参数，并利用这些参数测定了晚更新世湖区及其流域对过去气圈的变化以及日幅射分布的影响  相似文献   

用地质学的观点探讨洞庭湖的治理   总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11  

董和金 《湖南地质》1997,16(3):141-146

洞庭湖是一断陷盆地，至今仍在继续下沉，因围湖筑垸使水面减小，泥砂堆积速度大于湖区下沉速度使湖面进一步缩小，致使洪水季节常泛滥成灾。按地质规律科学治理方案，一是退垸还湖，二是垸湖置换，才能从根本上消除洞庭湖的水灾。  相似文献   

贵州百花湖分层晚期有机质降解过程与溶解N₂O循环   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7       下载免费PDF全文

王仕禄  刘丛强  万国江  陶发祥  李军  朱兆洲  吕迎春 《第四纪研究》2004,24(5):569-577

百花湖是一个具有季节性分层的富营养小型湖泊,在秋季湖水倒转期经常发生水质恶化事件,碳氮循环出现异常。文章研究特选择在秋初,湖泊分层开始消失时,测定了湖水中不同深度的N₂O,CH₄,CO₂,有机和无机碳同位素以及其他化学参数变化。结果发现:采样时百花湖在约6m和16m深度附近出现了两个温度不连续层(SDL和PDL),并影响到有机颗粒的沉降和分解。相对而言,有较多的有机质在这两个层内发生降解,但降解的途径有所不同,上部主要是有氧降解,下部则主要是无氧降解过程。N₂O的产生和消耗与有机质的降解过程完全对应:PDL层以上,ΔN₂O与AOU的线性关系反映了N₂O主要形成于硝化作用;PDL层以下反硝化作用导致N₂O严重不饱和;PDL内位于硝化作用和反硝化作用过渡带的N₂O峰,显然是硝化与反硝化联合作用的结果。PDL层内较大的CH₄浓度变化梯度,说明嗜甲烷细菌可能通过氧化NH+4贡献了部分N₂O。百花湖秋、冬季表层湖水N₂O都是过饱和的,都是大气N₂O的源,依据分子扩散模型计算湖泊N₂O的释放通量在12～14μmol/m·day之间,秋、冬季没有明显的差别。秋季底层湖水的反硝化作用是湖泊N₂O的汇,其消耗通量与表层的释放通量基本相当。  相似文献   

Vicissitude of Sogo Nur and environmental-climatic change during last 1500 years     

JIN Heling  XIAO Honglang  SUN Liangying  ZHANG Hong  SUN Zhong  LI Xiaoze 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2004,47(Z1)

Lakes in arid zone are sensitive to climatic changes. The lacustrine sediment sequence in Sogo Nur has well and truly recorded climatic events such as the Sui-Tang Dynasty Warm Period, the Song-Liao Dynasty Cold Period, the Medieval Warm Period, the Little Ice Age and the 20th Century Warm Period. Commonly, the climate in warm Periods was relatively humid,accordingly the lake area extended and water level rose, and vice versa. Apart from climatic change, human activity is also an important factor of influencing lake vicissitude, and they played the dominant role alternatively during different periods; the factor of climatic change predominated in historical period, while since the beginning of the 20th century the utilization of water resources by human has became decisive.  相似文献   

Bathymetric and geochemical investigation of Kawah Ijen Crater Lake, East Java, Indonesia     

B. Takano  K. Suzuki  K. Sugimori  T. Ohba  S. M. Fazlullin  A. Bernard  S. Sumarti  R. Sukhyar  M. Hirabayashi 《Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research》2004,135(4):299-329

A bathymetric survey of Kawah Ijen crater lake was conducted by acoustic sounding in 1996 to compare the lake morphology with those measured in 1922, 1925 and 1938, and to calculate the present lake volume. Even though the lake experienced several hydrothermal eruptions, the maximum depth became shallower (182 m) than before (200 m), resulting in a reduced lake volume (3.0×10⁷ m³).Fifty-two major and minor constituents including rare earth elements and polythionates (PT) of the lake waters at various depths were determined by ICP-AES, ICP-MS and HPLC, respectively. These ions except for several volatile elements are taken up by lake fringe through congruent dissolution of pyroclastics of Kawah Ijen volcano. Most ions are homogeneously distributed throughout the lake, although PT showed a considerable vertical variation. Rare earth elements (REE) in the Kawah Ijen water as well as those from other hyper-acidic crater lakes show distribution patterns likely due to the three rock dissolution (preferential, congruent and residual) types, and their logarithmic concentrations linearly depend upon the pH values of the lake waters.Using the PT degradation kinetics data, production rates of PT, injection rates of SO₂ and H₂S into the lake were estimated to be 114, 86 and 30 tons/day, respectively. Also travel time of the spring water at the Banyupahit Riverhead from Kawah Ijen was estimated to be 600–1000 days through the consideration of decreasing rates of PT. Molten sulfur stocks containing Sn, Cu, Bi sulfides and Pb-barite exposed on the inner crater slope were presumed to be extinct molten sulfur pools at the former lake bottom. This was strongly supported by the barite precipitation temperature estimated through the consideration of the temperature dependence of Pb-chlorocomplex formation.  相似文献