块状岩石矿物组分热红外光谱反演实验研究     

李天子  王晓华  赵晨光 《测绘科学》2017,(12):190-194

针对地面研究用岩石的热红外光谱反演其矿物组分过程中,由于自然岩石内矿物组分分布不均匀,给确定观测区域内矿物组分的精确值造成困难的问题,该文采用块状矿物拼接的方法模拟自然岩石,使模拟岩石的矿物组分可以精确获取。进一步,针对模拟岩石制订旋转试样法观测方案,从理论上研究该方案存在的观测误差,并通过光谱解混验证其观测精度。  相似文献   

干旱区大尺度土壤盐度信息环境建模——以新疆天山南北中低海拔冲积平原为例   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

丁建丽  王飞 《地理学报》2017,72(1):64-78

区域空间信息有助于决策者针对特定潜在和既定的土壤盐渍化区域制定改良和优化政策,以避免灌区水土资源的不合理配置和干旱区土地生态系统持续性退化。然而现存区域尺度土壤盐度数据以矢量方式留存,多边形内部土壤属性无空间变异性,缺乏实时更新,对当下实际指导作用具有一定的局限性。随着人类活动的加剧,土壤及其结构性退化正加速危害土壤质量和健康。对此,急需更新或升级,用于刻画干旱区生态系统中土壤盐度数据,以辅助制定相关政策,减缓土壤盐渍化的危害。针对此问题,本文基于代表性等级的采样设计方法（Integrative Hierarchical Sampling Strategy, IHSS）,获取少量典型样点,结合土壤—环境推理模型（soil land inference model, SoLIM）,尝试推理区域尺度土壤盐分含量信息。研究以新疆天山南北中低海拔冲积平原为案例,仅以23个代表性样本,推理陆表（0~10 cm）土壤盐分含量,源自3个典型绿洲94个野外样本的验证数据显示,依据评判标准,预测结果与实际情况较为相符,与线性回归模型相比,具备处理土壤与环境变量之间非线性关系的SoLIM,推理精度更高。所以,研究认为模糊隶属度加权平均的方法（IHSS-SoLIM）可以通过较小的建模点得到更好的预测效果,可作为区域尺度土壤盐度推理的备选方案。  相似文献   

Inferring Glacier Mass Balance Using Radarsat: Results From Peyto Glacier, Canada     

Michael Demuth  & Alain Pietroniro 《Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography》1999,81(4):521-540

The capability of RADARSAT synthetic aperture radar (SAR) for the purpose of snow-line/accumulation area mapping for a temperate alpine glacier is examined. In agreement with other orbital C-band SAR studies, RADARSAT can discriminate between firn and bare ice facies. Limited observations are reported with respect to the electromagnetic variability of the ice facies in the ablation area, but they are inconclusive. Operational considerations are discussed with respect to reconciling the uncertainties of late-summer weather and their possible impact on the dielectric and scattering properties of the glacier surface. Vagaries associated with other glacier settings, mass balance states and their associated facies configurations are discussed including the difficulty of using the transient snow-line to define the equilibrium line and the lower extent of the accumulation area for glaciers where superimposed ice may form.
The radar remote-sensing reconnaissance of equilibrium line altitude (ELA) and accumulation area ratio (AAR) for estimating glacier mass balance requires serious consideration in those instances where traditional ground measurements used in the direct glaciological method are absent. However, with respect to the ELA, such estimates can vary depending on the accuracy of the reference digital elevation information. Moreover, for many glacier configurations, where mass balance variations due to altitude are influenced or in some cases completely masked by local balance variations, defining the ELA may be an irreconcilable problem. Using the AAR may be more robust in this regard. It is further determined that the total error inherent in the reconnaissance method would have serious implications for the confident estimation of mass balance normals and climate-related trends if the method were to be utilized over the longer term.  相似文献   

Annual Mass Balance of Blue Glacier, USA: 1955–97     

H. Conway  L.A. Rasmussen  & H.-P. Marshall 《Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography》1999,81(4):509-520

Mass changes of Blue Glacier, USA are calculated from topographic maps made from vertical aerial photography in late summer of 1939, 1952, 1957, and 1987, along with laser altimetry flown in June 1996. Changes in elevation between maps were adjusted for seasonal variations in the snow cover, and to account for the ablation between the date of photography and 1 October. Topography obtained from the laser altimetry was adjusted for snow thickness and glacier motion to estimate topography of 1 October 1995. The mass of Blue Glacier has changed less than 7 m (water equivalent) during this 56 year period which is minor compared with other glaciers in the region and elsewhere in the world. Glacier-average annual mass balances, beginning in 1956, have been calculated either from stake measurements and probing of late-season snow, or from a regression analysis using late-season measurements of the equilibrium line altitude. A comparison with the changes derived from surface maps shows values obtained from field measurements are too positive by about 0.4 m a^?1 , indicating that considerable caution is needed when interpreting time series of mass balance. Two alternative time series of mass balance consistent with the long-term mass changes are created by making simple adjustments: (1) a single constant is subtracted from each value so that the series is consistent with the 1957–95 mass change; (2) one constant is subtracted from each value over 1957–87 and another is subtracted from each value over 1987-95 so that the series is consistent with both the 1957–87 and 1987–95 mass changes. The mass balance of Blue Glacier was generally positive until the mid-1970s and negative since. The fluctuations of mass balance closely resemble those of snowfall on the glacier as estimated from the joint distribution of temperature and precipitation. The climate in western Washington was cooler and wetter during the decade before the mid-1970s, but the trend since has been towards warmer and drier conditions.  相似文献   

Analysis of Winter and Summer Glacier Mass Balances     

Mark B. Dyurgerov  & Mark F. Meier 《Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography》1999,81(4):541-554

Seasonal mass balance components b_w (winter balance) and b_s (summer balance) as well as c_t (total accumulation) and a_t (total ablation), can be used directly to infer climate variables. In contrast, a_c (net balance of the accumulation area) and a_a (net balance of the ablation area), and b_a or b_n (annual or net balance) can not. The traditional Alpine system of observations of a_c and a_a , however, can be converted to true seasonal values b_w and b_s if both pairs of components are simultaneously observed for some years, because a correlation between the two pairs of components exists. We analyzed b_w and b_s data and their mean, standard deviations and ratios of these to the corresponding net or annual balances for 50 glaciers with relatively long records representing different regions in the northern hemisphere. We also investigated correlations between seasonal components. A negative correlation between b_w and b_s exists at many glaciers. About two-thirds of the glaciers show insignificant correlations (?0.3 < r < 0.3), implying independence of summer and winter balances. In a few unusual cases the correlations are positive. These different correlations, or lack thereof, may offer insight into feedback conditions that must exist in this climate-related system. The correspondence of the b_w and c_t , and b_s and a_t , appears to depend largely on the relative amounts of summer snowfall, a function of their climatic environment expressed as [α = (b_w+b_s)/2]. The contribution of variability of b_s to the net balance increases markedly with decreasing values of α. The variability of b_w and b_s , and therefore the net balance, has been increasing with time; whether this is due to an increase in climate variability or to other causes is not clear. It appears that b_w has been increasing with time at the highest altitudes, but b_s has been increasing more rapidly especially at low altitudes; the many-glacier average net balance is becoming more negative.  相似文献   

车载LiDAR移动测量系统在城市部件采集的应用     

靳兴浩  王超  郝利民  李军杰 《测绘与空间地理信息》2022,(2):90-92,96

随着数字化、信息化的发展,城市部件作为城市建设、社会发展的重要载体,对智慧城市和数字城管具有重大作用.城市建设面积不断扩大,城市部件采集与管理工作压力日益增加.车载LiDAR移动测量系统作为新兴技术,近年来快速发展,将此技术应用到城市部件采集工作中,使得采集效率、安全性、精度均有较大提升.提出一套基于车载LiDAR移动...  相似文献   

原子荧光光谱法直接连续测定化探样品中的As Sb Bi Hg   总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6  

邱宏喜 《黄金地质》1999,(1)

研究了还原性介质中原子荧光光谱法直接连续测定化探样品中Ａｓ、Ｓｂ、Ｂｉ、Ｈｇ的方法。按拟定的条件进行测定,各元素的检出限分别为Ａｓ２．９×１０－９、Ｓｂ１．３×１０－１０、Ｂｉ１．８×１０－１０、Ｈｇ５×１０－１１。应用于区域化探扫面工作中,效果良好。  相似文献   

离子色谱分析中的样品预处理   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  

田松柏 《岩矿测试》1999,18(1):77-79

总结了几种常用于离子色谱分析的样品预处理方法,其中包括流动相改性,气化分离法,离子交换法,膜技术,溶剂萃取,超临界流体萃取,固相萃取以及柱前和柱后衍生。引用主要参考文献１０篇。  相似文献   

核地球物理X辐射取样中克服基体效应的研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

侯胜利  章晔 《现代地质》1999,13(1):117-117

克服基体效应的影响是Ｘ辐射取样技术中的关键问题。应用谱线分解技术,对样品的复合谱线进行分解,求得各元素的净Ｘ射线荧光计数率,在此基础上建立了“特散比法与吸收元素校正法联合应用”的数理方程,进行基体效应的校正。应用此技术对人工配制的样品和两个铜矿区实际样品进行了测量。  相似文献   

基于一致可靠度的地震动记录样本容量确定方法研究          下载免费PDF全文

陈波  温增平 《地震工程学报》2018,40(6):1295-1305

确定地震动输入样本容量是开展结构动力地震反应分析的重要环节,目前国内外关于地震动输入样本容量的讨论往往忽略或尚难以定量考虑结构地震反应估计的可靠度水平。以一实际钢筋混凝土框架结构为例,首先分析在大样本地震动作用下结构非线性地震反应的统计特征,研究估计结构地震反应时取样本最大值和平均值的差异,然后借助于假设检验分析结构地震反应的概率分布模型,给出基于一致可靠度的地震动样本容量确定方法,并对比分析单周期点、多周期点、谱值匹配调整地震动及人工合成地震动对样本容量需求的影响,为保证在小样本地震动输入下结构地震反应估计值满足给定可靠度和容许误差提供分析方法和判断依据。本文方法适应于定量确定不同结构类型和不同地震强度水平下的地震动样本容量需求,对建筑结构抗震性能评估及设计规范研究有一定意义。  相似文献