Towards a genealogy of tropical architecture: Historical fragments of power‐knowledge,built environment and climate in the British colonial territories     

Jiat‐Hwee Chang  Anthony D. King 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2011,32(3):283-300

In this paper, we trace the history of tropical architecture beyond its supposed founding moment, that is, its institutionalization and naming‐as‐such, in the mid‐twentieth century. We note that many of the planning principles, spatial configurations and environmental technologies of tropical architecture could be traced to knowledge and practices from the eighteenth century onwards, and we explore three pre‐1950s moments of ‘tropical architecture’ in the British empire through building types such as the bungalow, military barrack and labourers' housing in the tropics. Unlike the depoliticized technical discourse of tropical architecture in the mid‐twentieth century, this earlier history shows that so‐called tropical architecture was inextricably entangled with medical and racial discourses, biopolitics and the political economy of colonialism. We argue that tropical architecture should not be understood as an entity with a fixed essence that is overdetermined by a timeless and unchanging external tropical nature. Rather, tropical architecture should be understood as a set of shifting discourses that privilege tropical nature, especially climate, in various ways as the prime determinant of built form according to different constellations of sociocultural and technoscientific conditions. We thus see ‘tropical architecture’ not as a depoliticized entity but as a power‐knowledge configuration inextricably linked to asymmetrical colonial power relations.  相似文献   

基于HLA的分布式虚拟地理环境系统框架研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

徐丙立  龚建华  林珲 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》2005,30(12):1096-1099

讨论了分布式虚拟地理环境的基本内容和框架需求,描述了HLA的体系结构,设计了基于HLA的分布式虚拟地理环境系统框架结构。针对设计的系统框架,讨论了其数据流和对象模型,并提出了一种实现数据协作的方法———数据先备。通过分析,认为该系统框架基本能够满足分布式虚拟地理环境的要求。  相似文献   

陆内克拉通盆地“溯源退积”层序构型构建:以鄂尔多斯盆地山西组为例     

朱红涛  刘依梦  Liu Keyu  刘强虎 《地球科学》2013,38(4):776-782

陆内克拉通盆地是我国重要的含油气盆地类型之一,其层序地层学研究相对薄弱.以我国典型的陆内克拉通盆地-鄂尔多斯盆地山西组的层序地层学研究为例,提出陆内克拉通盆地长期持续退积、短期进积"溯源退积"层序构型的模式.其涵义是指陆内克拉通盆地所形成的三级层序的层序构型均以LST为主,TST和HST相对不发育,对应的基准面旋回具有长期持续退积(水进)、短期进积(水退)旋回特征;不同级别层序地层格架控制下的砂体,自下而上(从老到新),具有向北部物源区依次退积叠置的"溯源退积"特征.  相似文献   

Quaternary coastal lithofacies,sequence development and stratigraphy in a passive margin setting,North Carolina and Virginia,USA   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

PETER R. PARHAM  STANLEY R. RIGGS  STEPHEN J. CULVER  DAVID J. MALLINSON  W. JACK RINK  KEVIN BURDETTE 《Sedimentology》2013,60(2):503-547

Lithofacies analysis is fundamental to unravelling the succession of depositional environments associated with sea‐level fluctuations. These successions and their timing are often poorly understood. This report defines lithofacies encountered within the north‐eastern North Carolina and south‐eastern Virginia Quaternary section, interprets their depositional environments, presents a model for coastal depositional sequence development in a passive margin setting and uses this understanding to develop the stratigraphy and Quaternary evolutionary history of the region. Data were obtained from numerous drill cores and outcrops. Chronology was based on age estimates acquired using optically stimulated luminescence, amino acid racemization, Uranium series and radiocarbon dating techniques. Geomorphic patterns were identified and interpreted using light detection and ranging imagery. Since lithofacies occurrence, distribution and stratigraphic patterns are different on interfluves than in palaeo‐valleys, this study focused on interfluves to obtain a record of highstand sea‐level cycles with minimal alteration by fluvial processes during subsequent lowstands. Nine primary lithofacies and four diagenetic facies were identified in outcrops and cores. The uppermost depositional sequence on interfluves exhibits an upward succession from shelly marine lithofacies to tidal estuarine lithofacies and is bounded below by a marine ravinement surface and above by the modern land surface. Older depositional sequences in the subsurface are typically bounded above and below by marine ravinement surfaces. Portions of seven depositional sequences were recognized and interpreted to represent deposition from late middle Pleistocene to present. Erosional processes associated with each successive depositional sequence removed portions of older depositional sequences. The stratigraphic record of the most recent sea‐level highstands (Marine Isotope Stage 5a and Marine Isotope Stage 3) is best preserved. Glacio‐isostatic adjustment has influenced depositional patterns so that deposits associated with late Quaternary sea‐level highstands (Marine Isotope Stages 5c, 5a and 3), which did not reach as high as present sea‐level according to equatorial eustatic records, are uplifted and emergent within the study area.  相似文献   

Clay-smear continuity and normal fault zone geometry – First results from excavated sandbox models     

《Journal of Structural Geology》2013

The continuity of clay-rich fault gouge has a large effect on fluid transmissibility of faults in sand–clay sequences, but clay gouge continuity and composition in 3D are not well known. We report observations of 3D clay smear continuity in water-saturated sandbox experiments where the sheared clay layers were excavated after deformation. The experiments build on existing work on the evolution of clay gouge in similar 2D experiments where interpretations were made in profile view.We used well-known model materials (“Benchmark” sand and uncemented kaolinite–sand mixtures) that were further characterized using standardized geotechnical tests and triaxial compression experiments at effective pressures corresponding to the sandbox experiments. Results show a nonlinear failure envelope of the sand, in agreement with existing models. Unconfined compression experiments with the clay show cohesion around 50 Pa and brittle behavior.A sheared, ductile clay layer embedded in sand above a 70° dipping basement fault reveals a complex, natural-looking clay gouge architecture with relay ramps, breached relays and fault lenses. The clay gouge shows clear variations in composition and thickness and becomes locally discontinuous at throw-thickness ratios above 7, in contrast to our earlier 2D observations where discontinuous clay-gouge only formed in cemented clay layers. In addition to tectonic telescoping in the relays, the thin, continuous parts of the clay gouge were transformed from an initial pure clay by mechanical mixing of sand and clay.We also discuss the applicability of these results to the evolution of normal fault zones and deformation bands in sand–clay sequences at effective pressures below the onset of cataclasis and conclude that in fault zones a higher degree of internal segmentation reduces the probability of the formation of discontinuities.  相似文献   

Sedimentary Microfacies and Sand Body Architectural Analysis of Karamay Formation of Triassic in District I III, Karamay Oilfield   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

HE Miao  JIN Zhenkui  LI Tingdong  GUO Xiujuan  YANG Ting 《《地质学报》英文版》2013,87(Z1):554-554

  相似文献   

辫状河三角洲水下分流河道储层特征     

王燕  杨少春  吴力耘  罗海宁  温雅茹 《物探化探计算技术》2013,(6):683-689

以海安南地区堡1断块泰州组一段为例,在岩石薄片和压汞资料分析的基础上,从砂体的内部结构入手对水下分流河道储层特征进行了研究,将泰一段储层的孔隙结构划分为三种类型。经研究表明：泰一段辫状河三角洲前缘水下分流河道砂体内部结构单元为典型的中一低孔、中一低渗储层,碎屑组份成分成熟度和结构成熟度均较低,储层孔隙类型以次生孔隙为主,原生孔隙较不发育;填隙物为泥质杂基和碳酸盐矿物胶结物,属长石岩屑质砂岩和岩屑长石质砂岩;成岩作用主要发育压实作用、胶结交代作用和溶解溶蚀作用等,塑性颗粒的变形、碎屑颗粒的破裂甚至错断、石英次生加大、方解石及铁白云石交代碎屑组份、溶蚀现象等均较普遍。对各结构单元孔隙结构类型参数分析表明,水下分流河道内部结构单元河道主体砂岩储集性能好于河道侧缘,认为岩相类型和沉积环境是影响储层物性的原生因素。  相似文献   

Policy implications and reconstruction of marine institutional architectures: the regional indigenous organization (RIO) option     

Lennox Hinds   《Marine Policy》2001,25(6):415

Global marine policy-making and related institutional architectures have been within the domain of the United Nations system in general and its specialized agencies (FAO, IMO, UNESCO/IOC, UNEP) in particular. At the regional and country levels there are a large number of organizations and agencies that are involved in various marine issues in the programme areas of Regional Indigenous Organizations (ASEAN, CARICOM, SPF., organizations belonging to these regions). The paper reveals that the United Nations system represents a top-down policy making and institutional approach, whereas a combination of nation-state and their regional indigenous organizations represents a bottom-up approach. The paper outlines some inefficiencies of the United Nations system and provides an option for improving the effectiveness of regional indigenous organizations.  相似文献   

Controls on large‐scale patterns of fluvial sandbody distribution in alluvial to coastal plain strata: Upper Cretaceous Blackhawk Formation,Wasatch Plateau,Central Utah,USA     

GARY J. HAMPSON  M. ROYHAN GANI  HIRANYA SAHOO  ANDREAS RITTERSBACHER  ANDREW RANSON  JOHN A. HOWELL  SIMON J. BUCKLEY  BRYAN BRACKEN 《Sedimentology》2012,59(7):2226-2258

Current models of alluvial to coastal plain stratigraphy are concept‐driven and focus on relative sea‐level as an allogenic control. These models are tested herein using data from a large (ca 100 km long and 300 m thick), continuous outcrop belt (Upper Cretaceous Blackhawk Formation, central Utah, USA). Many channelized fluvial sandbodies in the Blackhawk Formation have a multilateral and multistorey internal character, and they generally increase in size and abundance (from ca 10% to ca 30% of the strata) from base to top of the formation. These regional, low‐resolution trends exhibit much local variation, but are interpreted to reflect progressively decreasing tectonic subsidence in the upper Blackhawk Formation and overlying Castlegate Sandstone. The trend may also incorporate progressively more frequent channel avulsion during deposition of the lower Blackhawk Formation. Laterally extensive coal zones formed on the coastal plain during shallow‐marine transgressions, and define the high‐resolution stratigraphic framework of the lower Blackhawk Formation. Large (up to 25 m thick and 1 to 6 km wide), multistorey, multilateral, fluvial channel‐complex sandbodies that overlie composite erosion surfaces occur at distinct stratigraphic levels, and are interpreted as fluvial incised valley fills. Low amplitude (<30 m) relative sea‐level variations are interpreted as the dominant control on stratigraphic architecture in the lower Blackhawk Formation, which was deposited up to 50 km inland from the coeval shoreline. In contrast, the high‐resolution stratigraphy of the upper Blackhawk Formation is poorly defined, and channelized fluvial sandbodies are poorly organized. Vertical and laterally offset stacking of a small proportion (<10%) of sandbodies produced ‘clusters’ that are not confined by ‘master’ erosion surfaces. Avulsion is interpreted to dominate the stratigraphic architecture of the upper Blackhawk Formation. This data‐driven analysis indicates that alluvial to coastal plain stratigraphic architecture reflects a combination of various allogenic controls and autogenic behaviours. The relative sea‐level control emphasized in sequence stratigraphic models is only rarely dominant.  相似文献   

兰坪盆地古近系宝相寺组层序地层分析          下载免费PDF全文

冯志强  郭建秋  阮林森  李诗强  牟业龙  刘文强  密文天 《地质找矿论丛》2012,27(1):103-108

文章运用层序地层学原理,对兰坪盆地中部古近系宝相寺组进行深入研究,划分出1个Ⅰ型层序及3个Ⅱ型层序界面。阐述了兰坪盆地中部古近系宝相寺组层序格架及砂体结构特征,建立层序地层格架演化模式图,反映了湖平面变化对砂体沉积结构的重要影响。低位体系域早期河流侵蚀强烈,多以中粒为主,晚期发育复合状砂体;湖侵体系域砂体多为细粒砂泥岩,呈孤立状形态;高位体系域砂体以席状砂体为主,主要由滨浅湖、半深湖和湖泊三角洲沉积体系构成。  相似文献