Policy implications and reconstruction of marine institutional architectures: the regional indigenous organization (RIO) option     

Lennox Hinds   《Marine Policy》2001,25(6):415

Global marine policy-making and related institutional architectures have been within the domain of the United Nations system in general and its specialized agencies (FAO, IMO, UNESCO/IOC, UNEP) in particular. At the regional and country levels there are a large number of organizations and agencies that are involved in various marine issues in the programme areas of Regional Indigenous Organizations (ASEAN, CARICOM, SPF., organizations belonging to these regions). The paper reveals that the United Nations system represents a top-down policy making and institutional approach, whereas a combination of nation-state and their regional indigenous organizations represents a bottom-up approach. The paper outlines some inefficiencies of the United Nations system and provides an option for improving the effectiveness of regional indigenous organizations.  相似文献   

陆内克拉通盆地“溯源退积”层序构型构建:以鄂尔多斯盆地山西组为例     

朱红涛  刘依梦  Liu Keyu  刘强虎 《地球科学》2013,38(4):776-782

陆内克拉通盆地是我国重要的含油气盆地类型之一,其层序地层学研究相对薄弱.以我国典型的陆内克拉通盆地-鄂尔多斯盆地山西组的层序地层学研究为例,提出陆内克拉通盆地长期持续退积、短期进积"溯源退积"层序构型的模式.其涵义是指陆内克拉通盆地所形成的三级层序的层序构型均以LST为主,TST和HST相对不发育,对应的基准面旋回具有长期持续退积(水进)、短期进积(水退)旋回特征;不同级别层序地层格架控制下的砂体,自下而上(从老到新),具有向北部物源区依次退积叠置的"溯源退积"特征.  相似文献   

Quaternary coastal lithofacies,sequence development and stratigraphy in a passive margin setting,North Carolina and Virginia,USA   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

PETER R. PARHAM  STANLEY R. RIGGS  STEPHEN J. CULVER  DAVID J. MALLINSON  W. JACK RINK  KEVIN BURDETTE 《Sedimentology》2013,60(2):503-547

Lithofacies analysis is fundamental to unravelling the succession of depositional environments associated with sea‐level fluctuations. These successions and their timing are often poorly understood. This report defines lithofacies encountered within the north‐eastern North Carolina and south‐eastern Virginia Quaternary section, interprets their depositional environments, presents a model for coastal depositional sequence development in a passive margin setting and uses this understanding to develop the stratigraphy and Quaternary evolutionary history of the region. Data were obtained from numerous drill cores and outcrops. Chronology was based on age estimates acquired using optically stimulated luminescence, amino acid racemization, Uranium series and radiocarbon dating techniques. Geomorphic patterns were identified and interpreted using light detection and ranging imagery. Since lithofacies occurrence, distribution and stratigraphic patterns are different on interfluves than in palaeo‐valleys, this study focused on interfluves to obtain a record of highstand sea‐level cycles with minimal alteration by fluvial processes during subsequent lowstands. Nine primary lithofacies and four diagenetic facies were identified in outcrops and cores. The uppermost depositional sequence on interfluves exhibits an upward succession from shelly marine lithofacies to tidal estuarine lithofacies and is bounded below by a marine ravinement surface and above by the modern land surface. Older depositional sequences in the subsurface are typically bounded above and below by marine ravinement surfaces. Portions of seven depositional sequences were recognized and interpreted to represent deposition from late middle Pleistocene to present. Erosional processes associated with each successive depositional sequence removed portions of older depositional sequences. The stratigraphic record of the most recent sea‐level highstands (Marine Isotope Stage 5a and Marine Isotope Stage 3) is best preserved. Glacio‐isostatic adjustment has influenced depositional patterns so that deposits associated with late Quaternary sea‐level highstands (Marine Isotope Stages 5c, 5a and 3), which did not reach as high as present sea‐level according to equatorial eustatic records, are uplifted and emergent within the study area.  相似文献   

Clay-smear continuity and normal fault zone geometry – First results from excavated sandbox models     

《Journal of Structural Geology》2013

The continuity of clay-rich fault gouge has a large effect on fluid transmissibility of faults in sand–clay sequences, but clay gouge continuity and composition in 3D are not well known. We report observations of 3D clay smear continuity in water-saturated sandbox experiments where the sheared clay layers were excavated after deformation. The experiments build on existing work on the evolution of clay gouge in similar 2D experiments where interpretations were made in profile view.We used well-known model materials (“Benchmark” sand and uncemented kaolinite–sand mixtures) that were further characterized using standardized geotechnical tests and triaxial compression experiments at effective pressures corresponding to the sandbox experiments. Results show a nonlinear failure envelope of the sand, in agreement with existing models. Unconfined compression experiments with the clay show cohesion around 50 Pa and brittle behavior.A sheared, ductile clay layer embedded in sand above a 70° dipping basement fault reveals a complex, natural-looking clay gouge architecture with relay ramps, breached relays and fault lenses. The clay gouge shows clear variations in composition and thickness and becomes locally discontinuous at throw-thickness ratios above 7, in contrast to our earlier 2D observations where discontinuous clay-gouge only formed in cemented clay layers. In addition to tectonic telescoping in the relays, the thin, continuous parts of the clay gouge were transformed from an initial pure clay by mechanical mixing of sand and clay.We also discuss the applicability of these results to the evolution of normal fault zones and deformation bands in sand–clay sequences at effective pressures below the onset of cataclasis and conclude that in fault zones a higher degree of internal segmentation reduces the probability of the formation of discontinuities.  相似文献   

一种基于插件结构的可扩展WPS服务平台     

刘晓丽  孙伟  赵占杰  李成名 《测绘科学》2013,38(3):187-189

本文针对目前支持WPS的服务平台提供的均为固定服务的局限,提出一种基于插件结构的可扩展WPS服务平台架构,对WPS服务平台的处理内核进行插件式重构,并通过试验验证了该平台的可操作性,真正实现WPS服务的开放性、灵活性及可扩展性。  相似文献   

GEOID: GRID Services for Earth Observation Image Data Processing     

《International Journal of Digital Earth》2013,6(2):185-195

Abstract

Recent developments in space technology and exponential increase in demand of earth observation data from space have generated a requirement of a data processing environment, where users can discover the data and process, based on their requirements. Grid Services for Earth Observation Image Data Processing (GEOID) is proposed with a motivation to cater to future earth observation applications requirements of digital earth. This paper discusses the overview of the GEOID architecture, its deployment scenario, use-cases and simulation results. Core technologies used for implementation include Grid computing and Service Oriented Architecture. GEOID provides capability to address requirements of applications such as real-time monitoring, time series data processing and processing with user required quality to meet the requirements of end user applications. GEOID allows users to access the archive products or the raw satellite data stream and process their area of interest. Simulations show that applications such as time series analysis show considerable improvement in processing time by using GEOID.  相似文献   

Uses of online geoprocessing technology in analyses and case studies: a systematic analysis of literature     

《International Journal of Digital Earth》2013,6(11):901-917

Interpreting spatial data to derive information is a core task in the field of Geographic Information Science and Technology. A logical step following the collection of data in online repositories is to provide geoprocessing technology for analysing data online. Online geoprocessing technology can be employed for providing a specified set of tools in a theme-specific platform, documenting a model or workflow and making it widely available, automating recurring tasks or offering simple tools to a large user group. This systematic analysis of literature evaluates how much available online geoprocessing tools are being used for answering questions in specific application contexts. An initial set of articles is derived from a keyword-based search in the database Scopus. This set of articles is manually filtered to identify applications of online geoprocessing tools. The analysis of application-related articles shows that virtually all applications require further development of tools. Experts outside the spatial information science field are still underrepresented regarding the use of this technology. The required adaptation of technology for user tasks is identified as major barrier for the wide use of online geoprocessing. Further research needs to assess user tasks and how online geoprocessing can provide the required functions in a user-oriented manner.  相似文献   

Inscribing Universal Values into the Urban Landscape: New York,Jerusalem, and Winnipeg as Case Studies     

《Urban geography》2013,34(2):143-161

The growing importance of culture in contemporary society and the rising importance of tourism in the economic base of postindustrial cities have, in recent years, led to the construction of new "flagship-museums" characterized by their size and spectacular architecture. Their purpose is to capture the public imagination, to attract tourists, and to promote the notion that those cities have successfully transformed themselves from centers of manufacturing into centers of culture. These trends have also given rise to a new breed of museums: institutions established by foundations with value-laden educational agendas such as freedom, tolerance, and human rights. This phenomenon is also characterized by gigantic public and private investment in the structures that host the "collections," and by the use of signature architecture. This article, based on three case studies, will examine the emergence of this new extension to the "flagshipmuseum paradigm" of urban development.  相似文献   

Symposium On Sediment Storage In Rivers And Estuaries     

《The Professional geographer》2013,65(4):487-488

Book Reviewed in this article:

Geographical Aspects of Health and Disease in India. Rais Akhtarand A.T.A. Learmonth, eds.

Antarctic Treaty System: An Assessment. Proceedings of a Workshop at Beardmore South Field Camp, Antarctica.

American Electoral Mosaics. J. Clark Archerand Fred M. Shelley.

Kompas op Suidwes-Afrika/Namibie. W.S. Barnard, ed.

Jerusalem in the 19th Century: The Old City. Yehoshua Ben-Arieh.

The World as a Total System. Kenneth E. Boulding.

A Social History of Housing 1815–1985, Second Ed. John Burnett.

Human Migration. W.A.V. Clark.

Regional Population Projection Models. Andrei Rogers.

The State of Population Theory: Forward from Malthus. David Colemanand Roger Schofield, eds.

Imagining Tomorrow: History, Technology and the American Future. Joseph C. Corn, ed.

Swidden Agriculture in Indonesia: The Subsistence Strategies of the Kalimantan Kantú. Michael R. Dove.

Glacial Geologic Processes. David Drewry.

Physics of Desertification. Farouk El-Bazand M.H.A. Hassan, eds.

Housing the Homeless. Jon Ericksonand Charles Wilhelm, eds.

Settlement Patterns in Missouri: A Study of Population Origins, with a Wall Map. Russel L. Gerlach.

Desert Development: Man and Technology in Sparselands. Yehuda Gradus, ed.

Nuclear Winter. The Evidence and Risks. Owen Greene, Ian Percivaland Irene Ridge.

The Take-off of Suburbia and the Crisis of the Central City. Günter Heinritzand Elisabeth Lichtenberger, eds.

Regional Input-Output Analysis. Geoffrey J. D. Hewings.

Spatial Transportation Modeling. Christian Werner.

The Atlas of Georgia. Thomas W. Hodlerand Howard A. Schretter, eds.

Latin America. 5th ed. Preston E. Jamesand C.W. Minkel.

Applied Remote Sensing. C.P. Lo.

Localities, Class, and Gender. The Lancaster Regionalism Group.

Urban Social Movements: The City after Castells. Stuart Lowe.

Politics and Method. Doreen Masseyand Richard Meegan, eds.

Land Use. A. S. Mather.

The Kingdom of Coal. Donald L. Millerand Richard E. Sharpless.

The Presidio and Militia on the Northern Frontier of New Spain, A Documentary History, Vol. 1: 1570–1700. Thomas H. Naylorand Charles W. Polzer, S.J., comps. andeds.

Nuclear Power: Siting and Safety. Stan Openshaw.

The Central African Republic: The Continent's Hidden Heart. Thomas O'Toole.

Environmental and Dynamic Geomorphology. Márton Pécsi, ed.

Remote Sensing Principles and Interpretation. Floyd F. Sabins, Jr.

Acid Rain and Friendly Neighbors: The Policy Dispute between Canada and the United States. Jurgen Schmandtand Hilliard Roderick, eds.

Earth's Changing Surface: An Introduction to Geomorphology. M.J. Selby.

International Migration: The Female Experience. Rita J. Simonand Caroline B. Brettell, eds.

On Geography and Its History. D.R. Stoddart.

Transportation Networks: A Quantitative Approach. D. Teodorovic.

Processes in Physical Geography. R.D. Thompson, A.M. Mannion, C.W. Mitchell, M. Parry, J.R.G. Townshend.

Imaging Radar for Resources Surveys. J.W. Trevett.

Dominance and Affection: The Making of Pets. Yi-Fu Tuan.

Capturing the Horizon. The Historical Geography of Transportation since the Transportation Revolution of the Sixteenth Century. James E. Vance, Jr.

Nations at Risk: The Impact of the Computer Revolution. Edward Yourdon.  相似文献   

SAN-OBS存储网络体系的设计及其联接层的实现     

王玲 《成都信息工程学院学报》2006,21(3):344-349

存储体系结构的设计是网络存储技术发展中的一个关键.阐述了将SAN（Storage Area Network）体系结构和OBS（Object-Based Storage）体系结构的联接,构成一个新的综合存储体系SAN-OBS.以实现一个易于异构平台共享,易于管理和实现,有高性能和高安全性的存储网络体系.主要包括SAN-OBS的结构模型、功能分布、联接层实现等内容.  相似文献