冲击碾压加固砂土模型试验研究     

陈忠清  徐超  吕越 《岩土力学》2015,36(Z2):525-531

冲击碾压技术(IR)已在国内外公路、机场等工程的地基处理中得到大量应用,处理的深度明显大于传统静碾和振动压实技术,具有施工快速、节省工期和施工成本等优点,逐渐受到工程界和学术界的重视。关于冲击碾压技术的理论研究明显落后于工程实践,为进一步促进冲击碾压技术在工程中的合理应用,采用自行研制的冲击碾压模拟试验设备进行了模型试验研究,探讨冲击轮质量和牵引速度对冲碾加固效果的影响以及冲碾过程滚动冲击产生的冲击荷载形式和冲击能量在砂土中传递与衰减的过程。研究结果表明,冲击轮的质量和牵引速度对冲击碾压加固效果有明显影响,通过增加冲击轮质量可以明显增大土中浅层深度范围内的冲碾加固效果,牵引速度在冲碾过程中存在最佳值,接近最佳牵引速度时的冲碾加固效果最好;三边形冲击轮滚动冲击产生的冲击荷载为瞬变单脉冲形式,且在冲击接触面上不均匀分布,表现为接触面中心处冲击荷载较大而两侧明显较小;冲碾过程中冲击能量主要以瞬变非周期性脉冲形式在土体中传播,沿竖直方向传递,其衰减过程以负幂函数形式进行。  相似文献   

Sediment supply: The main driver of shelf-margin growth   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Cristian Carvajal  Ron Steel  Andrew Petter 《Earth》2009,96(4):221-248

Despite the obvious importance of sediment supply to shelf-margin architecture and to the potential of margins to contain and bypass deep-water sands, the role of supply in shelf-margin growth has received limited attention. High cross-shelf sediment flux is critically important for the occurrence of deep-water sands, not least on Greenhouse or rapidly subsiding margins where the impact of eustatic sea-level fall may be insufficient to drive sediment delivery out across the shelf into deep-water areas. To draw greater attention to the supply parameter we review a number of shelf margins that have grown chiefly through supply by shelf-edge deltas and associated sediment-gravity flows. Based on structural style and water depth, we recognize two broad types of shelf-margin. Moderately deep-water margins produce clinoforms < 1000 m high and show rates of shelf-edge progradation < 60 km/My and aggradation < 270 m/My, and consequently, infill their basins relatively rapidly, and develop more progradational architectures with morphologically smooth and relatively undeformed slopes. Very deep-water margins produce clinoforms > 1000 m high and generally show rates of shelf-edge progradation < 40 km/My and aggradation < 2500 m/My, and therefore infill their basins more slowly and develop more aggradational architectures with much gravity-driven slope deformation, proneness to failure and ponded architectures (salt or shale driven). On both margin types, long-term (> 1 My) rates of shelf-edge progradation of several tens of km/My tend to be linked to the delivery of relatively large volumes of sand into the deep-water basin. Delivery of this sand beyond the shelf-edge happens despite Greenhouse conditions and is likely recurrent and periodic (delivery cycles in the order of 100′s ky). Such prominent margin growth is a strong indication that sediment influx was relatively high and we refer to these margins as “supply-dominated” shelf margins. The Gulf of Mexico margin is a well-known and data-rich example of a “supply-dominated” shelf-margin during certain times (e.g., Paleocene). In contrast, on both margin types, low rates of shelf-edge progradation are linked to diminished (or even non-existent) and less frequently recurrent deep-water sediment delivery suggestive of relatively low sediment influx. Occurrence of deep-water sand delivery under low sediment influx probably requires fall of relative sea level. The differences between rapidly and slowly prograding margins indicate that sediment supply (and not sea level) is likely to be the key limiting factor on the growth of shelf margins and that sediment supply, as interpreted through progradation rate, can therefore be used to make a first-order prediction of relative amounts of sand passed to deep-water areas.  相似文献   

西秦岭北缘武山地区上白垩统沙漠相沉积特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

惠浪波  郭进京  韩文峰  王丽丽  毕娜  向光娅 《沉积学报》2017,35(4):649-663

西秦岭广泛但不连续分布着一套晚白垩世红层地层。这套红层地层所代表的原型沉积盆地是西秦岭中生代陆内造山期发育的相互孤立的山间盆地拟或是整体统一红层盆地新生代以来地壳隆升侵蚀破坏的残留一直存在争议。这个争议问题即关乎到对西秦岭中生代末期的构造地貌状态的认识,也关乎到现今青藏高原东北缘新生代以来地壳隆升初始地质背景。通过对西秦岭北缘武山地区上白垩统红层沉积地层中发育的一套砖红色砂岩的沉积序列、沉积构造、粒度分布等宏观地质特征的较详细研究,结合对这套砂岩的矿物成分和显微结构以及石英颗粒SEM表面结构特征的研究,表明这套砖红色砂岩具有如下特征:1）发育典型的大型风成交错层理;2）粒度均匀,分选好,以中-细砂、极细砂组分为主,缺乏粉砂-黏土颗粒组分;3）石英颗粒磨圆度好,表面发育碟形和新月形坑、溶蚀坑、硅质薄膜等风成砂颗粒具有的独特表面特征。据此提出这套砖红色砂岩是典型的沙漠相沉积的新认识,并根据沙漠相沉积类型的识别标志将其分为沙丘沉积和丘间沉积两种沉积类型。秦岭北缘武山地区晚白垩世沙漠相沉积的存在,结合西秦岭腹地同时代的哈达铺、岷县西江等地分布在山顶面的晚白垩世红层地层中存在类似的沙漠相沉积分析,提出了西秦岭晚白垩世不仅处于干旱炎热气候环境,而且曾呈现出地形相对平缓的泛盆地构造地貌状态。这套红层沉积反映了西秦岭晚白垩世为统一红层沉积盆地而非孤立的山间盆地,现今多不连续分布在山顶面之上是新生代以来地壳不均匀隆升和侵蚀共同作用的结果。  相似文献   

基于全岩心CT的遗迹化石识别及沉积环境分析:以加拿大麦凯Ⅲ油砂区块为例^*          下载免费PDF全文

陈浩  黄继新  常广发  武军昌  孙天建 《古地理学报》2018,20(4):703-712

遗迹化石研究对于沉积环境分析具有重要意义。以加拿大麦凯Ⅲ油砂区块下白垩统McMurray组为研究对象,利用高分辨率岩心照片和全岩心CT扫描资料,在确认研究目的层遗迹化石发育属种、单体规模、组合类型及指相特征的基础上,分析了主力油砂层的沉积环境。结果表明: 目的层发育遗迹化石10属12种,包括Asterosoma isp.,Chondrites isp.,Diplocraterion isp.,Ophiomorpha nodosa,Palaeophycus tubularis,Planolites beverleyensis,Planolites isp.,Rosselia isp.,Skolithos verticalis,Skolithos isp.,Teichichnus isp.,Thalassinoides isp.;根据遗迹化石产状与围岩沉积特征,建立了Ophiomorpha-Skolithos、Asterosoma-Chondrites-Rosselia和Teichichnus-Rosselia￣Thalassinoides共3种遗迹组合,分别代表潮间带、潮下带以及浅海陆棚沉积环境中的遗迹化石组成特征。研究区油砂层优质储油砂体为潮间带沉积产物,潮汐砂坝、潮成砂脊为沥青的主要储集体。本研究既体现了全岩心CT资料在遗迹化石研究中的应用,也为潮坪沉积环境分析提供了有益参考。  相似文献   

盐城沿海地区生态旅游资源及其开发   总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6  

沈永明 《地域研究与开发》2004,23(1):52-55

针对自然保护区地处偏僻以及资金投入不足等管理现状问题,可以考虑利用生态旅游的理念来解决保护生态环境和发展经济的两难问题。江苏省盐城沿海地区气候宜人、地理位置优越,是2个国家级自然保护区所在地,再加上该区有世界著名的辐射沙洲、广阔的滩涂景观以及海边特有渔村风情等具有较强吸引力的旅游资源,是利用新理念发展生态旅游的理想场所。文章探讨了该区的主要生态旅游资源,并对其科学合理的开发作了一定的设计,探索了一些开发思路、模式,指出,只要按照发展生态旅游的基本思想,制定科学管理方法,发展生态旅游,可以使该区进入经济和生态效益的双赢良性循环之中。  相似文献   

Evidence for a change in wind regime during the Last Glacial Maximum from the Sydney region     

B. G. Thom 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2019,66(2):279-288

This paper presents the results of a small number of dates from sand samples collected at building sites in the eastern suburbs of Sydney. OSL ages of well-sorted, quartz sand ranges from 31 to 24?ka from within well-developed podzol soil profiles within a metre of the surface. The source of this sand appears to be from the east off the inner continental shelf during a period just prior to the maximum of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, Marine Isotope Stage 2) when sea-level was approximately 70–90 m below present level. During a later phase of the LGM, there is evidence from other coastal sites in central NSW and Gippsland, Victoria, that the dominant wind was from the west consistent with evidence from arid and semiarid Australia. Dune orientations in northern NSW into Queensland and other evidence at this time appear to reflect winds from the southeast quadrant. This study highlights the existence of a potential pivot area in dominant wind direction during the LGM between sustained westerly flow in southern area including Victoria and northeast Tasmania and southeast flow of northern NSW into Queensland. In central NSW, the circulation switched from easterly in Stage 2 to westerly as the glacial stage intensified in the LGM sometime after ca 25?ka.  相似文献   

Heavy Oil and Oil Sands:Global Distribution and Resource Assessment     

LIU Zuodong  WANG Hongjun  Graham BLACKBOURN  MA Feng  HE Zhengjun  WEN Zhixing  WANG Zhaoming  YANG Zi  LUAN Tiansi  WU Zhenzhen 《《地质学报》英文版》2019,(1):199-212

Global recoverable resources of heavy oil and oil sands have been assessed by CNPC using a geology-based assessment method combined with the traditional volumetric method, spatial interpolation method, parametric-probability method etc. The most favourable areas for exploration have been selected in accordance with a comprehensive scoring system. The results show:(1) For geological resources, CNPC estimate 991.18 billion tonnes of heavy oil and 501.26 billion tonnes of oil sands globally, of which technically recoverable resources of heavy oil and oil sands comprise 126.74 billion tonnes and 64.13 billion tonnes respectively. More than 80% of the resources occur within Tertiary and Cretaceous reservoirs distributed across 69 heavy oil basins and 32 oil sands basins. 99% of recoverable resources of heavy oil and oil sands occur within foreland basins, passive continental-margin basins and cratonic basins.(2) Since residual hydrocarbon resources remain following large-scale hydrocarbon migration and destruction, heavy oil and oil sands are characterized most commonly by late hydrocarbon accumulation, the same basin types and source-reservoir conditions as for conventional hydrocarbon resources, shallow burial depth and stratabound reservoirs.(3) Three accumulation models are recognised, depending on basin type: degradation along slope; destruction by uplift; and migration along faults.(4) In addition to mature exploration regions such as Canada and Venezuela, the Volga-Ural Basin and the Pre-Caspian Basin are less well-explored and have good potential for oil-sand discoveries, and it is predicted that the Middle East will be an important region for heavy oil development.  相似文献   

风沙二相流运动特点的分析   总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13  

刘大有  贺大良 《地理学报》1996,51(5):434-444

本文以平坦沙漠上定常，充分发展的风沙二相流为例分析了颗粒的跃移运动，在这种运动中颗粒吸收气流的机械能和水平动量向下输送，并在落地时传递给床面。本文还用拟流体观点分析了固相运动的特点：在床面上有较大的滑移速度，有较大的垂向速度脉动，例题垂向的平均速度却为零，等等。  相似文献   

基于灰色理论的场地卓越周期的计算     

余建星  石江水  邓凯 《地震工程与工程振动》2001,21(3):17-21

本文以灰色理论为基础，提出了考虑砂土液化影响，对场地类别进行灰色评判的方法，得出了计算场地与标准场地的关联度向量，由此最终导出了卓越周期的计算公式。  相似文献   

The importance of breaching as a mechanism of subaqueous slope failure in fine sand   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

Jan H. Van Den Berg  ré Van Gelder  & Dick R. Mastbergen† 《Sedimentology》2002,49(1):81-95

Large bank failures, comprising up to 10⁶ m³ of sediment, are common features along steep channel banks in estuaries and large rivers that consist of clean, fine sands, and are mostly assumed to be generated by sudden liquefaction of large masses of very loosely packed sand. Another less commonly recognized type of failure is manifested by the gradual retrogression of a very steep wall, steeper than the angle-of-repose. Instead of the voluminous surging plastic sediment-water flow, or hyperconcentrated density flow (sensu Mulder & Alexander, 2001 ) generated by liquefaction, this type of failure, known as breaching by dredging companies and hydraulic engineers, produces a sustained quasi-steady, turbidity current. To date, sedimentologists have not recognized the process of breaching as such. In this paper, it is suggested that breaching may be the origin of many thick, massive sand layers known from ancient deposits from various environments, notably in some turbidite successions. Possible differences in the sedimentary structure of the deposits produced by breach failures vs. liquefaction slope failures (=liquefaction flow slides) can be deduced from a knowledge of the sediment transport processes initiated by the failure. A field study is presented on some poorly structured beds in the Eocene Vlierzele Sands in Belgium, which are supposed to have originated from liquefaction failures, but are reinterpreted to be the products of breaching. It is postulated that the local steep slope disturbance required to initiate an active breach can be produced by a small liquefaction slope failure (=liquefaction flow slide failure) or local erosion by river or tidal channel flow at the initial stage of the failure event.  相似文献