Experimental evaluation of shear strength behaviour of plastic and non-plastic silts     

A. Usmani  K.G. Sharma  A. Nanda 《Geomechanics and Geoengineering》2015,10(3):174-181

Silt is available in many parts of the world in combination with sands and clays. However, due to lack of clear understanding of its engineering behaviour, most of the time it is interpreted in terms of either sands or clays. Structures that are usually built on silty soils are designed to take into account design procedures developed for sandy or clayey soils. Presence of silts in combination with varying amount of sand and clays produces silt that is either plastic or non-plastic in nature. Silt is available in and around the Delhi region, in a majority mixture along with fine sands, which is non-plastic in nature. On the other hand silty deposits found in offshore Bombay High region are found in abundance along with significant amounts of clays and are termed as plastic silts. In this paper a comparison of the stress-strain behaviour of plastic and non-plastic silts is carried out under triaxial compression loading during both drained and undrained conditions. Two representative samples each from Delhi and Bombay High regions were considered for this comparison and results of stress-strain under four sets of confining pressure are discussed in detail. It is observed from this study that behaviour of silts is mainly dependent on the composition and structure of the resultant soil matrix. It is concluded from the results that shear strength parameters as well as volume change/pore pressure response of silty soils is dominated by the constituent soil present along with the silt. It is seen from the comparative behaviour of non-plastic and plastic silts that the presence of sand and clays has a governing effect on pore pressure development and the resultant friction angle. The study also corroborated that the nature of silt is transitional both in the case of plastic and non-plastic forms.  相似文献   

Sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) to northwestern Saskatchewan lakes east of the Athabasca oil sands     

《Organic Geochemistry》2015

The past several decades have witnessed a significant expansion of mining activities in the Athabasca oil sands region, raising concerns about their impact on the surrounding boreal forest ecosystem. To better understand the extent to which distal sites are impacted by oil sands-derived airborne contaminants, we examine sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in surface sediments and dated sediment cores from Saskatchewan lakes situated ∼100–220 km east–northeast of the main area of bitumen mining activities. The concentrations and fluxes of both parent and alkylated PAHs are low and show considerable variability over the past 70–100 years. Small yet discernible increases in PAH concentrations and fluxes occurred over the past 30 years, a trend which coincides with the rapid growth in bitumen production. However, several lines of evidence point to wildfires as the principal source of PAHs to these lakes: (1) the significant co-variations in most cores between retene (1-methyl-7-isopropyl phenanthrene) and other groups of parent and alkylated PAHs, (2) the similarity in compound specific δ¹³C signatures of the parent PAHs phenanthrene and pyrene in recently deposited surficial sediments and those corresponding to time intervals considerably pre-dating the large scale development of the oil sands and (3) the discernible up-core increases in the proportion of refractory carbon (i.e., char) in Rock-Eval 6 data. The collective evidence points to softwood combustion from boreal forest fires as the principal source of retene in sediments and the general increase in forest fire activity in this region over the past several decades as the source of refractory carbon. Mining activities associated with the Athabasca oil sands are thus not considered a major source of PAHs to these lakes.  相似文献   

A middle surface concept (MSC) model for saturated sands in general stress space     

Y. Yang  K. K. Muraleetharan  H. S. Yu 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2006,30(5):389-412

An elastoplastic constitutive model is proposed for saturated sands in general stress space using the middle surface concept (MSC). In MSC, different features of stress–strain response of a material are divided into different pseudo‐yield surfaces. The true‐yield surface representing the true response is established by using various links between the yield surfaces. In this MSC sand model, several well‐known features of sand response are represented by three different pseudo‐yield surfaces, which are developed in a simple and straightforward way. These features include the critical state behaviour, the effects of state parameter, unloading and reloading plastic deformation, the influence of fabric anisotropy, and phase transformation line related behaviour. Finally, the model predictions and test results are compared for two different types of sands under a variety of loading conditions and good comparisons are obtained. The application of MSC to saturated sand modelling shows the versatility of MSC as a general concept for modelling stress–strain response of materials. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

ELECTROCHEMICAL STUDY ON CORROSION BEHAVIOUR OF STEELS IN SAND WITH WATER     

王佳 《中国海洋湖沼学报》1997,15(4):369-372

ImooUcr0NCormsinnofsodinconatisnowrognindasaseriousproblemwithlargeere-nondconSequenas.Thecormsionproducofondatthesurfaeeofrenfontin-dutaltenSioninthernaterial,resultinginfraCtureandspillingoftheconcretefromtherenfoot(Madrinaldetal.,l99l).Asaasult,theconCretestructure'sIneCanhalstwthisgreatiytalued.0wingtothephyShaldfultyofconduCtingforchdricalexperiInentsinconare,muCoftheworkintheaasofndanisticdCtendnationsforcormsionofstalincon-~wereconduedinalkalinesolution,generallyofporewatCr(Romirz…  相似文献   

Nutrient procurement strategy of a deposit-feeding estuarine neogastropod,Ilyanassa obsoleta     

Lawrence A. Curtis  L.E. Hurd 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》1981,13(3):277-285

  相似文献   

The extent of desertification on Saudi Arabia   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Ammar?A.?AminEmail author 《Environmental Geology》2004,46(1):22-31

Desertification is the process that turns productive deserts into non-productive deserts as a result of poor land-management. Desertification reduces the ability of land to support life, affecting wild species, domestic animals, agricultural crops and humans. The reduction in plant cover that accompanies desertification leads to accelerated soil erosion by wind and water. South Africa is losing approximately 300–400 million tons of topsoil every year. As vegetation cover and soil layer are reduced, rain fall impact and run-off increases. This paper discusses the extent of desertification, its potential threat to sustained irrigated agriculture and possible measures adopted to control ongoing desertification processes to minimize the loss of agricultural productivity in an arid country such as the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.  相似文献   

细颗粒组分含量对钙质砂抗剪强度的影响     

张晨阳  谌民  胡明鉴  王新志  唐健健 《岩土力学》2019,40(Z1):195-202

由于吹填过程的水力分选作用钙质砂土地基颗粒分布不均匀,容易形成分布不均、形态各异的以不同细粒含量的粉细砂层为主的细粒汇集层,引起钙质砂土地基承载力和不均匀沉降问题。开展不同细粒含量的粉细砂三轴固结排水剪切试验,分析细粒含量对钙质砂土力学特性的影响。研究结果表明,（1）当细粒含量增加时相同围压下土样剪胀性逐渐减弱,且峰值偏应力也逐渐减小;（2）各组试样干密度为1.40 g/cm3状态下各含量粉细砂均表现出应变软化特征,当细粒含量为10%时粉细砂土体强度稳定性最差,之后稳定性随细粒含量增加而逐渐增大;（3）钙质细砂由于颗粒咬合作用,具有表观黏聚力,当细粒含量小于40%时,随着细粒含量增加,颗粒之间的咬合作用显著降低,表观黏聚力线性减小。研究成果可为粉细砂层的地基处理及边坡稳定分析提供参考。  相似文献   

油砂的光谱反射特征及其遥感应用     

樊瑞雪  邢立新  潘军  单玄龙  仲伟敬 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2019,49(2):603-610

油砂作为21世纪以来世界能源的重要组成部分,已经有大量的地质工作者对其形成的地质特征、成矿带分布特征等进行了详细研究,并取得一定成果,但是对于遥感在油砂勘探中的应用少有研究。遥感技术识别不同地物的理论基础是同一波长位置处的反射率差异及反射率随波长的变化规律,因此本文通过分析油砂的实测光谱数据,得到其反射光谱的特征及规律。为实现在Landsat 8OLI卫星遥感影像上对油砂的识别,根据油砂实测光谱的研究,分别提出基于油砂光谱特征和相关性分析的Landsat 8遥感影像油砂识别模式,并将其应用在柴达木盆地冷湖和马海两个研究区。结果表明:利用遥感影像进行油砂找矿靶区圈定是可行的;本文总结出的基于相关性分析的油砂提取模式优于光谱特征分析模式;冷湖地区用比值方法进行油砂遥感信息增强效果较好,马海地区则差值方法较好。  相似文献   

我国交通设施沿线固沙措施与技术研究综述     

马宁  郭群  李宇  李胜功 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2021,12(1):124-135

流沙是我国沙漠化主要成因之一。本文简要回顾了我国北方沙漠及受沙漠化影响的干旱半干旱地区为保护交通线路而采取的固沙措施和技术,包括工程措施、化学措施和生物措施,主要介绍了这些措施和技术的类型及特点,以及近60年间(1950–2010年)其在不同地区不同交通线路中的应用,包括包兰线、塔里木沙漠公路和青藏铁路沿线的防风固沙。工程措施,如建挡风墙和铺设沙障,在沙漠交通线的防风固沙中非常有效。化学措施因成本高和对环境可能造成的污染风险而应用并不普遍。生物措施比工程和化学措施成本更高,但因其效果好且防护持续时间长而得到推崇。在一些地方,几种措施组合的固沙效果更好。工程措施对沙面的固定以及有条件的地方用地下水或河水灌溉有助于旱生植物的早期定植。本文最后指出了固沙措施和技术的局限性以及未来研究方向。本文对解决蒙古高原受沙漠和沙漠化影响的干旱和半干旱地区与"一带一路"倡议相关的基础设施建设的生态环境问题具有重要意义。  相似文献   

尾矿砂沙害形成机理与工程治理措施的选择   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杨根生 《中国沙漠》1997,17(4):435-441

尾矿砂沙害的形成过程,包含着尾矿砂强烈风蚀、尾矿砂输送搬运与堆积,以及尾矿砂吹扬在大气中的粉沙悬移等3个过程。上述3个过程对土地、大气、水体、道路、建筑物及农作物造成严重危害,甚至影响人身健康。研究结果表明,尾矿砂的治理,需采用固结沙面、切断沙源,即消除灾害源的方法。固结沙面的材料,宜采用坚固耐久、抗风蚀力强、具有较好蓄水保墒性能,以及保温能力高、且廉价的戈壁沙砾石。沙砾石覆盖之后,不仅固结了沙面,切断了沙源,而且为天然植物种子的散落和幼苗发育创造了稳定条件,加快了天然植物衍生。覆盖后的第一年雨季后,植物盖度到达了15%~30%,局部地段高达50%。  相似文献