砂土微观结构样品制备技术及量化方法研究     

王东伟  陆武萍  唐朝生  赵红崴  李胜杰  林銮  冷挺 《岩土力学》2019,40(12):4783-4792

土体的微观结构是决定其工程特性的重要内在因素,但对于砂土而言,如何制备适合微观分析的样品以及快速准确量化结构参数一直面临诸多挑战。为此,提出一种真空冷冻干燥?注胶相结合的砂土样品制备技术,该技术可在有效去除土样水分的同时保持样品原状结构不被扰动,并可用于后续加工处理。针对不同粒度的砂土样品,分别使用扫描电子显微镜和光学显微镜对制备的试样进行观察,基于自主研发的土体微观结构定量分析系统SMAS对拍摄的照片进行精细量化分析,提出了由土颗粒数量、颗粒周长、表观孔隙率、形状系数、等效直径、分形维数和形态比等参数构成的量度指标体系对砂土样品微观结构特征进行定量评价。研究结果表明：提出的真空冷冻干燥?注胶相结合的砂土样品制备技术具有操作简单、稳定可靠等特点,能有效维持砂土的原状结构;比较而言,扫描电镜更适用于粉细砂的微观结构分析,而光学显微镜更适用于中粗砂的微观结构分析;SMAS能有效识别微观结构图像中的土颗粒及孔隙,为定量分析砂土或其他土体的微观结构特征提供了高效的工具。  相似文献   

甘肃天水地区渭河南岸大砂沟泥石流发育特征     

祝恩珍  韩帅  孙萍  王刚 《现代地质》2019,33(1):227-234

以天水地区渭河南岸大砂沟泥石流沟为研究对象,通过野外地质调查以及历史资料的统计,初步了解该泥石流的形成条件、松散物源的补给条件、活动历史;详细研究了该泥石流的运动特征,并提出了相应的治理措施。结果表明:该泥石流沟上游三面不稳定斜坡体上的堆积物和大砂沟沟道内的松散堆积物为该泥石流的主要物源;通过统计分析,在极端降雨天气条件下计算得到洪峰流量为355. 26 m3/s。该泥石流沟仍存在暴发大规模泥石流的可能性,一旦泥石流发生,将对下游甘谷县城居民的生命财产安全造成严重的威胁。研究成果可为天水地区泥石流的防灾减灾提供科学依据。  相似文献   

准噶尔盆地南缘齐古背斜复杂构造建模技术应用     

王俊  肖立新  刘翔  赵进雍  罗昭洋 《新疆地质》2019,(2):237-241

齐古背斜构造复杂,变形强烈,地震资料相对较差,构造样式建立存在多解性。为准确落实该区构造特征,从地质“戴帽”、倾角标定及平衡恢复与几何变形正演等关键技术出发,对齐古背斜进行精细构造解析,确立齐古背斜为早期构造三角楔与晚期冲断褶皱复合叠加的构造样式。该背斜主体部位具分层、分块构造特征,西段以南倾冲断断裂为主,东段以北倾反冲断裂为主。复杂构造建模技术的应用将有助于建立更为合理的构造解释方案,大大降低油气勘探风险。  相似文献   

Geochemical Characteristics of Wuyang Siliceous Rocks in the Southern Margin of North China Craton and its Constraint on the Formation Environment of BIF of Tieshanmiao Formation     

LI Hongzhong  HE Junguo  LIANG Jin  YANG Fei  ZHAI Mingguo  ZHANG Lianchang  Voudouris PANAGIOTIS 《《地质学报》英文版》2019,93(6):1738-1754

Precambrian banded iron formation(BIF) is one of the most important mineral resources in China, mostly abundant in the North China Craton(NCC) with relatively less common in South China. Since the BIF and siliceous rocks both originated from chemical deposition, the syngenetic BIF and Siliceous rocks can help evaluate their environment of formation. We examine here the mineralogy and geochemistry of siliceous rocks associated with the Tieshanmiao Formation BIF, aiming to decipher the conditions of formation of both BIF and Siliceous rocks in the Wuyang area in the NCC. Analysis of the geochemical characteristics of whole rock shows that the Si O2 content of the siliceous rock ranges from 90.11% to 94.85% and is relatively high overall. Trace element contents of Ba and U are also high, the Ba/Sr ratio ranges from 3.89 to 25.28 and the U/Th ratio ranges from 0.09 to 0.20. Finally, the ΣREE value of rare earth elements ranges from 57.03 ppm to 152.59 ppm, and these indexes all indicate that siliceous rock resulted from hydrothermal deposition. Plots of Al2 O3-Si O2, Si O2/(K2 O+Na2 O)-Mn O2/Ti O2 and Mn-10×(Cu+Co+Ni)-Fe in discrimination diagrams also verify this interpretation. However, both the Mg O content, ranging from 0.16 to 0.32, and the Fe/Ti ratio, ranging from 2.50 to 9.72, suggest that terrigenous material was added during the depositional process. Major and trace element parameters of siliceous rock, such as the Al/(A1+Fe+Mn) ratio(from 0.81 to 0.93), Mn O/Ti O2(from 0.00 to 0.17), Al/(Al+Fe)(from 0.82 to 0.93), Sc/Th ratio(from 0.21 to 0.50), U/Th(from 0.09 to 0.20),(La/Yb)N(from 0.83 to 3.04), and the(La/Ce)N(from 0.01 to 0.02) all imply that the siliceous rock formed in a continental margin. In addition, the Sr/Ba ratio from 0.08 to 0.26, the δCe value from 0.31 to 0.90, and the δEu value from 0.14 to 0.58, all indicate that the siliceous rock was formed at a relatively deeper water depth and under weak hydrodynamic conditions. Siliceous rock and BIF formed in the same geological setting, with the Si O2/(K2 O+Na2 O) ratio of siliceous rock ranging from 28.61 to 47.43, the Si O2/Al2 O3 ratio from 16.53 to 32.37, and the Si O2/Mg O ratio from 287.28 to 592.81, which are all in agreement with chemical deposition associated with volcanic eruptions. The Al2 O3/Ti O2 ratio from 37.82 to 50.30 indicates that the magma source of siliceous rock was of slightly intermediate composition. During the Late Archean in the Wuyang area, the high concentration and high purity Si O2 quickly precipitated from hydrothermal fluids to finally result in the accumulation of siliceous rock in a marginal sea, while the input corresponding to iron formation components was deposited to form iron formation layers, and limestone was only the product formed during the deposition intervals of siliceous rock and iron formations. In this study, the synsedimentary siliceous rocks of BIF act as a new way to provide direct evidence to understand the formation environment of BIF due to its high geochemical stability.  相似文献   

Characteristics and Formation Mechanism of Giant Long‐Runout Landslide: A Case Study of the Gamisi Ancient Landslide in the Upper Minjiang River,China     

GUO Changbao  WU Ruian  ZHANG Yongshuang  REN Sanshao  YANG Zhihu  LI Xue 《《地质学报》英文版》2019,93(4):1113-1124

The upper reaches of the Minjiang River are in the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, where active faults are well developed and earthquakes frequently occur. Anomalous climate change and the extremely complex geomechanical properties of rock and soil have resulted in a number of geohazards. Based on the analysis of remote sensing interpretations, geological field surveys, geophysical prospecting and geological dating results, this paper discusses the developmental characteristics of the Gamisi ancient landslide in Songpan County, Sichuan Province, and investigates its geological age and formation mechanism. This study finds that the Gamisi ancient landslide is in the periglacial region of the Minshan Mountain and formed approximately 25 ka BP. The landslide initiation zone has a collapse and slide zone of approximately 22.65×106–31.7×106 m3 and shows a maximum sliding distance of approximately 1.42 km, with an elevation difference of approximately 310 m between the back wall of the landslide and the leading edge of the accumulation area. The landslide movement was characterized by a high speed and long runout. During the sliding process, the landslide body eroded and dammed the ancient Minjiang River valley. The ancient river channel was buried 30-60 m below the surface of the landslide accumulation area. Geophysical prospecting and drilling observations revealed that the ancient riverbed was approximately 80-100 m thick. After the dam broke, the Minjiang River was migrated to the current channel at the leading edge of the landslide. The Gamisi ancient landslide was greatly affected by the regional crustal uplift, topography, geomorphology and paleoclimatic change. The combined action of periglacial karstification and climate change caused the limestone at the rear edge of the landslide fractured, thus providing a lithological foundation for landslide occurrence. Intense tectonic activity along the Minjiang Fault, which runs through the middle and trailing parts of the Gamisi ancient landslide, may have been the main factor inducing landsliding. Studying the Gamisi ancient landslide is of great significance for investigating the regional response to paleoclimatic change and geomorphologic evolution of the Minjiang Fault since the late Pleistocene and for disaster prevention and mitigation.  相似文献   

济南西北部碳酸盐岩热储浅埋区热异常机理研究     

胡彩萍  王楠  宋亮  白新飞  王涛  梁云汉  孙晓涛  彭文泉 《地质学报》2019,93(S1):178-183

为了探寻济南岩体北部碳酸盐岩热储浅埋地热异常区形成机理,利用地质钻探编录、抽水试验、测温、水质分析测试等手段,对碳酸盐岩浅埋地热异常区地质特征、热储物性特征、地温场特征、水化学特征等进行研究,结果表明：碳酸盐岩浅埋区热储层发育在奥陶纪灰岩地层中,热储层岩溶裂隙发育,热储埋深150~1000m,地热异常区盖层地温梯度为7. 2~11. 5℃/100m,水化学类型为SO4- Ca型,TDS为1. 3~1. 5g/L,地热水中含有对人体有益的微量元素,地热水来源为大气降水,地热水中50年以前入渗的“古水”占主导;明确了热源除正常的地温传导之外,济南岩体阻挡迫使水流深循环加热后上涌,断裂沟通深部热源等也是地热异常区形成的重要因素。  相似文献   

海域金矿找矿方法研究——以山东省莱州市三山岛北部海域金矿为例     

田振环 《地质学报》2019,93(S1):19-28

莱州市三山岛北部海域金矿区是世界上第一个查明的海域岩金矿。它通过追索延伸至海域的三山岛断裂,圈定破金找矿靶区。利用海域高精度磁测和浅地层剖面测量配合海上钻探,找到了海域大型金矿。以三山岛海域金矿普查为依托,研究出来的这套海域金矿找矿方法和海上钻探平台,可为今后开展海域金及其它与断裂有关的矿产资源找矿,提供指导和借鉴。  相似文献   

我国岩石地层单位“段”的命名及问题     

马遵青  陈国俊  周钱山  马明 《地层学杂志》2019,43(1):109-114

段是重要的岩石地层单位。段的划分和命名在大比例尺区域地质填图、油气勘查和精细地层划分对比等方面有重要意义。"地层指南"中规定段的名称可采用正式名称或非正式名称。正式段名的建立方法必须符合"地层指南"的要求,是相对规范和稳定的命名方法;非正式命名法使用比较方便,但命名方法多种多样,将其归纳为岩性命名、"地理专名+岩性"命名、位置命名、数字命名和字母命名五种。不论正式名称还是非正式名称,使用时均会由于文献或使用者的原因而产生问题。段名使用中的可能存在如下4个问题:1)能清楚地划分对比、具正式名称的段被非正式名称所代替; 2)在相邻省标准剖面距离较远的情况下,位于省界的剖面组内各段的命名问题; 3)同一组段的划分方法基本相同,但采用不同的非正式名称; 4)使用段的数字名称时不了解或未注意数字顺序的差异而产生错误。针对这些问题,除加强"地层规范"的制定和推广外,还要注意名称溯源的严谨性,使段名成为能够规范地追溯和合理应用的地层名称。  相似文献   

东濮凹陷沙三段致密砂岩储层裂缝形成机制及对储层物性的影响     

刘卫彬  张世奇  徐兴友  周新桂  李世臻  陈珊  白静 《大地构造与成矿学》2019,43(1):58-68

为探讨东濮凹陷沙三段储层裂缝的发育特征、形成机制、主控因素及其对储层的影响,综合运用岩心观察、薄片鉴定、扫描电镜、流体包裹体分析等方法对裂缝进行了研究。结果表明:东濮凹陷沙三段储层中发育的裂缝按规模可分为宏观裂缝和微观裂缝两大类,按成因可分为构造缝、超压缝和成岩缝。构造缝走向以NNE向、NE向为主,其形成可分为两期,分别为40～35 Ma沙河街组沉积中后期和25～18 Ma东营组沉积末期。超压缝的形成与膏盐脱水、烃类充注和膏盐层封堵作用有关,形成于33～25 Ma东营组沉积时期。压实作用、溶解作用、收缩作用等成岩作用均可形成微裂缝。裂缝的形成序列为:早期构造缝-压裂缝-溶解缝-超压缝-收缩缝-晚期构造缝-溶解缝-压裂缝;裂缝的发育可以改善储层物性,宏观裂缝主要起渗流作用,微观裂缝既可作为有效的储集空间,又可作为酸性流体流动通道,产生次生孔隙带,提高储层孔隙度。  相似文献   

滇黔北威信凹陷晚二叠世沉积环境与层序地层格架下的聚煤规律浅析     

文俊  任光明  庞维华  卢君勇  张鹏  周洋 《矿物岩石》2019,39(3):85-94

针对滇黔北威信凹陷晚二叠世含煤岩系的“海相-海陆过渡相-陆相”三相变化地带,利用地层剖面上的沉积构造、岩石组合、古生物特征等沉积相判别标志分析研究区的沉积环境及其空间演化,并总结煤质变化规律。在此基础上,通过识别层序与体系域关键界面,建立研究区晚二叠世含煤岩系的层序地层格架,充分讨论研究区厚煤层在层序地层格架下的聚煤规律。研究区自西向东依次为河流冲积平原体系、三角洲-潮坪体系及碳酸盐岩台地体系,成煤环境主要为河流冲积平原中的泛滥盆地河漫沼泽和三角洲-潮坪沉积体系中的上三角洲平原;厚煤层在层序地层中的位置与古地理背景有关,研究区C15,C19煤层形成于最大海泛面附近,C25煤层形成于初始海泛面附近;根据煤质变化规律和煤厚变化特征,在研究区西部的彝良-盐津一带有寻找优质煤炭资源的潜力。  相似文献