1949—2014年福建沿海沙地动态演变及其驱动因素     

赵国帅  叶功富  王军邦 《中国沙漠》2018,38(4):701-708

福建是中国南方地区沙化土地面积较大的省份,是华南沿海沙地的典型分布区。为定期、准确掌握福建沿海沙化土地现状及动态变化趋势,按照国家要求,福建省已先后开展了5次（1994、1999、2004、2009、2014年）沙化监测工作。采用历次监测数据及前期相关历史资料、多期卫星遥感影像等,分析了1949—2014年福建沿海沙地动态演变特征及驱动因素。结果表明：65年来福建沿海沙地面积总体呈现减少趋势。1949—1989年,沿海沙地总量保持稳定,但不同类型之间转换频繁。1989—2014年,沿海沙地总量减少迅速,大量以森林为主的固定沙地（丘）和沙化耕地向以居民点、工矿建设用地和养殖用地为主的非沙化地转变。海岸侵蚀和岸线后退是导致沿海沙地减少的重要自然原因,1949年以来国家及地方的治沙造林政策和沙荒地开垦耕种是1949—1989年沙化土地变化的主要原因,沿海沙地的开发建设等人为活动是近25年间沿海沙地动态变化的主要驱动因素。  相似文献   

科尔沁沙地风沙与湖泊景观演变及影响因素分析     

杜会石  哈斯额尔敦  李爽  赵艺源  孙小旭 《地理科学》2018,38(12):2109-2117

以科尔沁沙地为研究区,基于1975~2015年中等分辨率卫星影像,采用景观格局指数计算及数理统计分析方法,研究该区近40 a来沙地与湖泊景观格局的变化过程,并对其影响因素进行分析。结果表明,近40 a科尔沁沙地风沙地貌覆盖面积呈减少趋势,年均变化率-0.31%,而灌草丛沙丘地、抛物线形沙丘等固定半固定型沙丘面积增加,沙地逆转化趋势明显。沙地景观蔓延度整体下降了2.13,优势度增加了16.55,说明科尔沁沙地斑块连通性与多样性降低。湖泊群面积净减61.24 km²,斑块数减少了66个,湖泊群质心朝ESE方向迁移了35.76 km,湖泊景观分离度呈下降趋势,而集群性有所增加、景观演变趋于稳定。气候因素和人类活动因素是科尔沁沙地演化的驱动因素,尤其社会经济和政策因素可短时间内促进沙地景观的演变过程。  相似文献   

基于生态足迹的中国四大沙地地区可持续评价   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

于娜  赵媛媛  丁国栋  崔晓  彭玏 《干旱区地理》2018,41(6):1310-1320

基于社会经济统计数据,采用生产性生态足迹模型,评估并对比了我国四大沙地地区2000年和2015年的生产性生态足迹和生态赤字/盈余状态,以揭示区域的可持续性。结果表明：2000-2015年,四大沙地地区人均生态足迹总体呈现增加趋势,毛乌素沙地地区人均生态足迹年均增长率最高,达20.85%,增长量为79.21 hm²·人^-1;人均生态足迹主要以化石能源足迹和草地足迹为主;2000-2015年四大沙地地区生态赤字程度在不断增强,毛乌素沙地地区人均生态赤字变化量最大,达79.51 hm²·人^-1,造成赤字程度加大的主要原因是地区化石能源的大量生产。随着人们生活水平的提高,人们对资源的需求量也在不断增加,当前四大沙地地区社会经济的发展在一定程度上仍以自然资源大量生产和消耗为代价,经济发展和环境保护之间的平衡仍存在挑战,需要根据各地区的具体情况制定有针对性的管理措施,以维持区域的可持续发展。  相似文献   

中国沙漠和沙地的资源优势与农业发展   总被引：7，自引：3，他引：4  

肖洪浪  李福兴  龚家栋  赵雪  屈建军 《中国沙漠》1999,19(3):199-205

人口、粮食、土地之间的矛盾已成为今后我国几十年的主要问题。我国后备土地资源的68%分布在干旱、半干旱地区,其中沙漠和沙地面积辽阔,类型繁多,涉及212个县(旗)、48×106人。我国的沙漠和沙地具备适度开发利用的水资源依托,具有灌溉、雨养和高寒农业等特殊环境,是栽培作物和养殖家畜的集中区,许多尚无饲养或尚无栽培种类可以取代的野生动植物具有独特经济价值和高度的抗性。我国的沙地持续利用技术体系已初步建立,形成了一整套具有中国特色的流沙固定技术,结合各地的具体条件创建了许多成功的区域开发治理模式。沙漠和沙地开发必须摆脱传统的农业利用模式,依靠科技进步,多采光、少用水,结合资源条件、市场需求、投资能力,有计划、有步骤地规模开发。  相似文献   

30多年来呼伦贝尔草原沙漠化的演变特点及防治对策研究   总被引：14，自引：4，他引：10  

韩广  张桂芳 《中国沙漠》1998,18(3):221-225

采用遥感技术与野外调查相结合的方法,通过3个典型小区对呼伦贝尔草原30多年来的沙漠化演变特点进行了系统研究。结果表明:该区的樟子松林区发生着强烈的沙漠化逆转,许多地段已转变为非沙漠化土地;其它地区除部分地段由于人类的积极治理而发生沙漠化逆转外,仍处于不断发展的过程中。因此,对于樟子松天然分布区,可充分利用樟子松的优良防风固沙特性和较强的扩展能力来防治沙漠化,而对其它地区则应以封育为主,加强人工抚育和草原建设。  相似文献   

Key signatures of turbidite and sandy debris and core examples in Liaohe Basin          下载免费PDF全文

Yang Ke  Zhu Xiao-Min  Liu Yu  Liu Xing-Zhou  Guo Feng 《古地理学报》1999,22(3):483-492

Gravity flow is a widely-distributed fluid type in nature. Various classification schemes of gravity flow are proposed by different researchers from different viewpoints. The scheme of turbidity flow and debris flow is adopted in this paper. The sedimentary characteristics of turbidite and sandy debrite are summarized and discussed to clarify most typical facies marks of these two rock types. The study shows that turbidite and sandy debris can be identified by the following typical characteristics during the outcrop and core observation: If the graded bedding is developed in sandstone,it should be identified as turbidite;if the muddy rip-up clast or no bedding structure(massive sandstone)is developed in sandstone,it should be identified as sandy debris. These characteristics are the most reliable signatures to distinguish turbidite and sandy debris. In addition,some other sedimentary structures such as deformation bedding,climbing ripple cross bedding,wavy bedding,parallel bedding,scouring surface,lithologic abrupt interface,and flute cast also have certain indicative significance. It is necessary to make a comprehensive judgment based on the sedimentary background,vertical combination of lithofacies,geophysics and other materials when these characteristics are presented in the study.  相似文献   

超前锚杆短循环法在砂砾石隧洞挂口施工中的应用          下载免费PDF全文

廖光海  罗其标 《探矿工程》1999,(5):54-55

介绍了在支洞工程的施工中,利用超前锚杆短循环法解决在砂砾石地层中挂口难题的具体措施和关键技术,实现了工程自身及周围围道公路,升压站等重要建筑物的安全技术要求。  相似文献   

Unusual intraclastic limestones in Lower Triassic carbonates and their bearing on the aftermath of the end-Permian mass extinction   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

PAUL B. WIGNALL  & RICHARD J. TWITCHETT 《Sedimentology》1999,46(2):303-316

Flat pebble conglomerates were a common carbonate facies in Cambrian to Early Ordovician open marine settings, but they become extremely rare in these environments after this time. However, the Early Triassic witnessed an anachronistic reappearance of flat pebbles, together with other intraclast types, in a range of carbonate depositional settings. In south China, flat pebble conglomerates are encountered in storm-dominated, platform carbonates to deep basinal settings, while prefossilized bivalve intraclasts and flat pebbles are common in mid-ramp facies of northern Italy. The emplacement mechanisms of the intraclast-bearing beds appear to have been diverse and to have included basinal turbidity flows and storm-generated hyperconcentrated flows: true storm beds, deposited under combined flow conditions, are rare. The cause of the widespread early lithification implied by the Early Triassic intraclasts appears to have been twofold: suppression of bioturbation, allowing the preservation of thin beds, and rapid submarine lithification. Both features appear to be a response to the widespread development of benthic dysoxia/anoxia during and following the end-Permian mass extinction. This event appears to have temporarily recreated the conditions that pertained in Cambro-Ordovician shelf seas. Flat pebble conglomerates may, therefore, constitute a proxy indicator of stressed environmental conditions associated with global anoxic/dysoxic events.  相似文献   

沙质岸坡上波浪传播变形及动力响应特性研究     

程永舟  郑余伟  李典麒  程海洋  徐立君 《海洋工程》2023,41(1):12-19

波浪作用对水库岸坡稳定性有重要影响。为了解波浪在岸坡地形中的传播演变机制和孔隙水压力响应特性,在波浪水槽末端铺设长6 m、坡度1∶16的斜坡沙床进行试验。通过改变入射波浪参数,测量斜坡段各处波面形态,采集斜坡段不同位置处孔隙水压力,分析了波浪在沙质岸坡上浅水变形区域内波面变化特征、波能演变规律以及岸坡土体孔压特征。结果表明：随着入射波浪厄塞尔数的增大,波浪浅水变形更加明显,波形不对称性加剧,各阶谐波之间互相作用更加强烈;水深较大区域,岸坡渗透作用大于浅水变形作用,波高呈现减小趋势;浅水变形剧烈区,浅水变形作用大于岸坡渗透作用,波高呈现增大趋势,最终破碎;孔压随入射波高与波周期的增大而增大,岸坡不同位置处孔压沿深度衰减速率和随波高增长速率均不同;岸坡孔压沿深度衰减速率与入射波周期呈现出正相关关系,与波高并无太大关系。  相似文献   

Assessment of a new solution for tracking pebbles in rivers based on active RFID          下载免费PDF全文

Mathieu Cassel  Thomas Dépret  Hervé Piégay 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2017,42(13):1938-1951

Low‐frequency passive integrated transponders (PIT tags), are commonly used for monitoring pebble mobility in gravel‐bed rivers. Although early studies reported high recovery rates for PIT tags used in small streams, recovery rates in larger systems remain low, substantially limiting the possibilities for their use in such rivers. These low recovery rates are potentially due to missed detections caused by tag signal collision, burial in the sediment layer deeper than the maximum detection range and insufficient (but still exhausting) field effort to cover the concerned areas. A potential solution for addressing these problems is to use active ultra‐high frequency (a‐UHF) transponders as these have a greater detection range and anti‐collision protocols. In order to assess the potential of such transponders for pebble tracking in rivers, we used 433.92 MHz COIN‐ID and COIN‐HC models (ELA Innovation Company, Montpellier, France). We completed several tests to (i) characterize transponder detection ranges in the water and in saturated sediment and (ii) develop field protocols for locating tags by combining global positioning systems (GPS) sites and transponder received signal strength indication (RSSI) levels. The results showed that (i) the maximum detection ranges are about 2.4 m in the water column and more than 2.6 m in a column of saturated gravelly‐sandy sediment, (ii) RSSI spatial interpolation can be used to determine transponder position with good accuracy (< 1 m), (iii) the desired minimal level of accuracy can be adjusted depending on in‐field effort and signal impulse interval, (iv) the RSSI maximal value observed cannot yet be used to determine transponder burial depth because of the multipath propagation of radio frequencies and the semi‐directional emission of the tag signal. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献