Geoinformatics and digital earth initiatives: a German perspective     

《International Journal of Digital Earth》2013,6(1):17-30

Abstract

This paper discusses the role of Geoinformatics as a new scientific discipline designed for handling of geospatial information. Depending on the scientific background of the people involved in shaping the emerging discipline, emphasis may be placed on different aspects of Geoinformatics. Applications and developments may address geoscientific, spatial planning, or computer science related matters. The scientific field of Geoinformatics encompasses the acquisition and storing of geospatial data, the modelling and presentation of spatial information, geoscientific analyses and spatial planning, and the development of algorithms and geospatial database systems. It is the position of the author that these tools from Geoinformatics are necessary to bridge the gap between Digital Earth models and the real world with its real-world problems (‘connecting through location’). It is, however, crucial that Geoinformatics represents a coherent integrated approach to the acquisition, storage, analysis, modeling, presentation, and dissemination of geo-processes and not a patchwork solution of unconnected fields of activity. Geoinformatics is as such not a part of Geography, Surveying, or Computer Science, but a new self-contained scientific discipline. The current paper highlights international and national trends of the discipline and presents a number of Geoinformatics initiatives. The research and teaching activities of the newly formed Institute for Geoinformatics and Remote Sensing (IGF) at the University of Osnabrueck serve as an example for these initiatives. All these developments have lead to the long overdue formation of a scientific ‘Society for Geoinformatics’ (German: Gesellschaft für Geoinformatik – GfGI) in Germany.  相似文献   

随钻核磁共振测井的地层界面响应特征          下载免费PDF全文

李新  肖立志  黄科  刘化冰  宗芳荣 《地球物理学报》2013,56(8):2862-2869

随钻核磁共振测井的地层界面响应特征对地质导向和原状地层评价具有重要意义,但钻井轨迹的复杂性决定其响应特征是多重因素综合作用的结果,且较难直接给出统一显式表达式.本文根据仪器在地层内的运动特征,建立了基于敏感区域体积元的随钻核磁共振测井响应方程和离散化计算方法;通过正演、反演结合的数值模拟,研究了单、双界面水平层状地层中,不同井斜角度、天线长度和目标地层厚度等条件下的随钻核磁共振测井响应特征,对关键结果给出了成立条件和定量关系.随钻核磁共振测井在斜井段中的T₂分布和孔隙度响应与直井中差异明显;井斜角越大,视地层厚度越大,地层界面在T₂分布和孔隙度曲线上的过渡段越长,T₂分布过渡起始位置已不能确定界面深度;仪器的最高纵向分辨率与天线长度、井眼条件和仪器参数有关;受围岩作用影响,较薄目的层的测井响应特征上可能出现异常"夹层".基于分析结果,对随钻核磁共振测井资料解释提出了建议.  相似文献   

Coal mine water management: optimization models and field application in North China     

Qiang Wu  Bill X. Hu  Li Wan 《水文科学杂志》2013,58(4):609-623

Abstract

This paper considers the complexity in resolving the conflicts between mine drainage, water supply, and environmental protection for the coal basin of North China, and presents a management optimization framework that addresses these multiple conflicting issues simultaneously in the most cost effective manner. Due to the various unpredictable accidents which may occur in the coal mining process, such as water bursts, gas leaks, fire and collapse of coal beds, the beneficial use of drainage water from the coal mines is generally low. This case study attempts to address the problem of low beneficial usage for drainage water using the Jiaozuo coal mining district in Henan Province, China. By combining a finite-element groundwater simulation model with an optimization code, the economic benefits of using the drainage water as a stable water supply is maximized, while the adverse impact of mine drainage on the environment is controlled. The results indicate that the management model developed in this study achieves an excellent economic outcome and can serve as a potentially powerful tool for solving mining-related water management problems in the coal basin of North China.

Citation Wu, Q., Hu, B. X., Wan, L. & Zheng, C. (2010) Coal mine water management: optimization models and field application in North China. Hydrol. Sci. J. 55(4), 609–623.  相似文献   

测井约束反演在鄂尔多斯盆地东缘致密砂岩勘探中的应用     

桂文华  常锁亮  曾维望 《中国煤炭地质》2014,(3):53-58

"先成型"致密砂岩气的勘探重点是寻找相对高孔渗砂岩,基于该观点,以鄂尔多斯盆地东缘上古生界为研究对象,以"相控储层"为思路,结合构造、沉积等研究成果,开展测井约束反演工作,以此寻找相对高孔渗优质储层。研究区有利储层较为成功的预测表明,依据地质、测井资料,采用拟声波重构技术可有效提高测井曲线岩性识别能力,并为砂岩识别提供波阻抗门槛;利用自动迭代子波扫描求取每口井的最佳子波,实行多个子波同时参与反演,可获得初始模型与井旁地震数据的最佳匹配。另外在构建地质模型时,针对不同储层的沉积特点,选取了不同的插值方式进行分段反演,有效划分出不同层段中有利区带及最佳目的层段。  相似文献   

四川省甘孜州康定县高原地热井施工工艺     

龙小军 《中国煤炭地质》2014,(7):60-62

康定县地热资源丰富,但开发利用少,仅2008-2009年由四川省地质工程勘察院在中谷地区实施地热勘探井2口,钻探深度共计184.96m。DZK02井是部署在四川省雅拉河中上游热水塘区块地热资源大盖沟沟口雅拉河右岸一级阶地上的第一口预探井,设计井深2 000m。钻井施工主要面临地层倾角大、地层出水量大、温度高、岩性破碎等施工难题。施工队伍采用螺杆纠斜、清水控压等钻井工艺,圆满完成了该井的施工任务。为该地区地热水的开发利用进行了有益的尝试。  相似文献   

潘庄地区煤层气U型水平井技术工艺研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

牟全斌  韩保山  张培河  赵永哲 《中国煤炭地质》2014,(11):53-56

我国已在多个地区进行了20余口煤层气U型水平井施工,但总体尚处于勘探实验阶段。为了研究潘庄地区煤层气U型水平井施工技术工艺,以寺河井田西区煤层气U型水平井为例,分析了实验区地质条件的可行性,重点研究了钻井技术工艺并初步考察了产气效果。结果表明：潘庄地区3#煤层含气量大、构造及水文地质条件简单,煤层产状稳定且厚度较大,原生结构煤体发育,比较适合U型水平井的施工。煤层气U型水平井具有技术工艺复杂、增产效果明显的特点,先进的工具仪器和技术工艺为煤层气U型水平井施工成功提供了技术保障,其最高产气量达到22 000m^3/d,相当于5-6口普通高产垂直井的产气效果,可为煤矿区煤层气抽采利用提供关键技术支撑。  相似文献   

有色反演技术在少井区岩性体预测中的应用     

毕俊凤  ;杨培杰 《物探与化探》2014,(3):558-565

阐述了有色反演的基本原理,并给出了反演流程。通过模型试算,明确有色反演关键参数的物理意义及取值范围,并在孤南洼陷实际工区应用,较好地刻画出沙三下早期低位扇体的横向展布范围。与常规地震属性相比,反演结果更加符合沉积规律,与实钻井岩性分布情况吻合程度高。表明有色反演在保留地震数据原始现象的基础上,分辨率明显提高,适合无井或少井区的地层或岩性解释。  相似文献   

张家川水源地渗流井允许开采量的数值模拟计算     

牟海斌  郭倩  陈枭萌  徐嘉璐 《地下水》2014,(1):1-3

在分析渗流井的结构与水流特征的基础上,通过引入等效渗透系数,结合当地地质、水文地质条件,构建渗流井取水的“渗流-管流”耦合模型,用于神木县张家川傍河水源地渗流井取水工程。确定水源地的布井方式与开采方案,计算水源地的平、枯水期允许开采量。结果得出：干水期允许开采量为35500 m3/d,枯水期允许开采量为11800 m3/d。  相似文献   

矿井突水水源的Bayes逐步判别分析研究     

关维娟  许光泉  陈明强  许峰 《地下水》2014,(1):40-42,47

对Bayes逐步判别法在矿井突水水源判别中的应用进行研究分析。选用六大常规离子（ Ca2＋、Mg2＋、K＋＋Na＋、SO42-、Cl-、HCO3-）作为判别因子,建立Bayes逐步判别分析模型,以内蒙唐家汇矿区突水水源判别为例,在建立的判别模型回判检验准确率仅60%,分析原因可能与选定的特征判别因子对该矿区水样分类影响能力较弱有关。增加总硬度、碱度、PH值和矿化度作为判别因子,重新建立Bayes判别分析模型,使回判准确率提高至90%,证明适当增加特征判别因子对改善Bayes逐步判别模型的可靠性和稳定性有利。经对唐家会矿区的3个未知样本进行了判别分析,并与距离判别法和模糊综合评判法判别结果对比,结果表明Bayes逐步判别模型准确性较好,判别准确率与距离判别结果完全相同,而优于模糊综合评判方法。在合理选取特征判别因子的情况下,Bayes逐步判别法是目前矿井突水水源判别的有效方法。  相似文献   

沧东-南皮凹陷舍女寺地区孔店组油层组沉积微相     

秦敏  王湘君  芦凤明  李勇  肖敦清  蒲秀刚 《四川地质学报》2014,(1):5-8

舍女寺地区位于沧东凹陷和南皮凹陷之间,西靠沧县隆起东与孔店构造带以鞍部相接,朵体范围较大。该目标区孔二段2油层组主要发育辫状河三角洲及水下扇沉积相,延伸至官158井。物源主要来自西侧沧县隆起地区。本文通过砂体联井与代表井岩性及测井特征分析对该地区沉积微相进行详细研究。  相似文献