Numerical simulations of the Mediterranean sea outflow: impact of the entrainment parameterization in an isopycnic coordinate ocean model   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Matheos P. Papadakis  Eric P. Chassignet  Robert W. Hallberg 《Ocean Modelling》2003,5(4):325-356

Gravity current entrainment is essential in determining the properties of the interior ocean water masses that result from marginal sea overflows. Although the individual entraining billows will be unresolvable in large-scale ocean models for the foreseeable future, some large-scale simulations are now being carried out that do resolve the intermediate scale environment which may control the rate of entrainment. Hallberg [Mon. Wea. Rev. 128 (2000) 1402] has recently developed an implicit diapycnal mixing scheme for isopycnic coordinate ocean models that includes the Richardson number dependent entrainment parameterization of Turner [J. Fluid Mech. 173 (1986) 431], and which may be capable of representing the gravity current evolution in large-scale ocean models. The present work uses realistic regional simulations with the Miami Isopycnic Coordinate Ocean Model (MICOM) to evaluate ability of this scheme to simulate the entrainment that is observed to occur in the bottom boundary currents downstream of the Mediterranean outflow. These simulations are strikingly similar to the observations, indicating that this scheme does produce realistic mixing between the Mediterranean outflow and the North Atlantic Central Water. Sensitivity studies identify the critical Richardson number below which vigorous entrainment occurs as a particularly important parameter. Some of these experiments also show meddies detaching from the Mediterranean undercurrent at locations that appear to be highly influenced by topographic features.  相似文献   

Economic benefit of the protection program for the Steller sea lion     

Kelly Giraud  Branka Turcin  John Loomis  Joseph Cooper 《Marine Policy》2002,26(6)

This paper examines willingness to pay (WTP) for an endangered species across geographically nested samples using the Contingent Valuation Method (CVM). The three samples range from (1) the boroughs that contain critical habitat for the Steller sea lion to (2) the state that contains these boroughs to and (3) the entire United States. Depending on the assumptions of the model, WTP varies tremendously from sample to sample. WTP for the United States is the highest and it is the lowest for the boroughs. The null hypotheses that mean WTP estimates are greater then zero were rejected for the boroughs and the state but were not rejected for the United States based on the 95% confidence intervals.  相似文献   

A morphological investigation of marine transgression in estuaries     

Ian Townend  Zeng Zhou  Leicheng Guo  Giovanni Coco 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2021,46(3):626-641

The landscape setting of estuaries varies widely and is an important aspect of determining how they evolve. This paper focusses on alluvial estuaries in river valleys and how they respond to sea level rise. We examine the implications of marine transgression, as a response to sea level rise, where the estuary moves upwards and landwards to maintain its position in the tidal frame (so-called stratigraphic rollover). Here we encapsulate such kinematic movement of the estuary morphology using a ‘morphokinematic’ model, to assess the potential response to sea level rise and sediment supply. The model of the estuary form includes a single convergent channel, intertidal and surrounding floodplains (the valley) and allows the relative importance of the space available for deposition of sediments, the accommodation space, to be investigated as a function of rates of sea level rise and sediment supply. The transgression of the system is determined using a sediment mass balance, taking account of any supply from the river and marine environment. Model results confirm that the transgression distance, measured as the distance the entity moves landward, varies in proportion to the change in accommodation space, which mainly depends on the floodplain area. As the size of the floodplain reduces, the transgression distance is less and the system becomes much more sensitive to changes in the rate of sea level rise or changes in sediment supply. The greater demand for sediment when a floodplain is present results in greater cannibalization of the estuary form (i.e. greater landward movement) to meet the sediment demand. When the floodplain is disconnected from the estuary, the synergistic relationship is lost and the accommodation space increases. The capacity for restoration will depend on the availability of sediment and the prevailing rate of sea level rise.  相似文献   

Spatial and seasonal variability of sediment accumulation potential through controlled flooding of the beels located in the polders of the Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna delta of Southwest Bangladesh     

Md Feroz Islam  Hans Middelkoop  Paul P. Schot  Stefan C. Dekker  Jasper Griffioen 《水文研究》2021,35(4):e14119

The Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna (GBM) delta plain within Bangladesh is one of the most vulnerable to relative sea level rise (RSLR) in the world especially under current anthropogenically modified (i.e., embanked) conditions. Tidal river management (TRM) as practiced in coastal regions of Bangladesh may provide an opportunity to combat RSLR by raising the land level through controlled sedimentation inside beels (depression within embanked polders) with re-opening of polders. To date, TRM has been applied to tide-dominated coastal regions, but the potential applicability of TRM for the beels within the polders of river-dominated and mixed flow (MF) regimes remains to be assessed. We apply a calibrated 2D numerical hydromorphodynamic model to quantify sediment deposition in a beel flooded through breaching of the polder dike under conditions of river-dominated, tide-dominated and MF regimes for different seasons and applying different regulation schemes for the flow into the beel. Simulation results show considerable seasonality in sediment deposition with largest deposition during the monsoon season. The potential of controlled flooding is highest in the tide-dominated region, where sediment accumulation can be up to 28 times higher than in the river-dominated region. Regulating flow into a beel increases trapping efficiency, but results in slightly lower total deposition than without regulation. We conclude that re-establishing flooding of the beel within the polder without regulating the flow into the beel through breaching of the polder dike is a promising strategy for the mixed and tide-dominated flow regions in the delta as the sediment accumulation can raise the land surface at a higher rate than RSLR and effective SLR (ESLR). In the more upstream river-dominated section of the delta, accumulation rates would be much lower, but the pressure of sea level rise on these areas is lower as well. Owing to the abundant availability of sediment, application of controlled flooding like TRM therefore provides an opportunity to counteract the impact of RSLR and ESLR by means of land raising, particularly along the tidal river reaches in the GBM delta.  相似文献   

桩基对进水塔塔基动力稳定性影响研究          下载免费PDF全文

胡雨菡  包腾飞  朱征  龚健 《地震工程学报》2021,43(3):728-736

进水塔是水利工程的重要组成部分,具有塔身高、塔壁薄等特点,在地震工况下容易发生结构失稳破坏。针对进水塔地震工况下抗滑抗倾覆能力差的问题,提出加设灌注桩的方法提高塔基的动力稳定性,并以甘肃省某引水工程进水塔为例,采用有限单元法,从桩基对进水塔塔体应力、桩基受到的剪力和弯矩及地基位移分布情况三个方面分析灌注桩对进水塔塔基动力稳定性的影响。分析得到:加设灌注桩可降低塔体中下部的应力值,并改善该处的应力分布;塔基高程处的灌注桩所受到的剪力和弯矩较小;加设灌注桩后,塔底附近的位移量值有所减小,且没有出现明显的潜在滑移圆弧面。说明设置桩基加固进水塔地基的措施提高了进水塔地基的动力稳定性。  相似文献   

新型土钉墙支护技术在基坑工程中的应用研究          下载免费PDF全文

代国忠 《地质找矿论丛》2004,19(1):62-66

文章结合北京市某基坑支护工程实际,介绍了一种新型的地面锚拉式土钉墙支护结构的加固机理、设计计算及应用情况等.工程实践表明该项支护技术比较适合于较厚杂填土地层的深基坑工程,其技术经济效果显著.  相似文献   

Land water storage contribution to sea level from GRACE geoid data over 2003–2006     

G. Ramillien  S. Bouhours  A. Lombard  A. Cazenave  F. Flechtner  R. Schmidt 《Global and Planetary Change》2008,60(3-4):381-392

Seasonal and inter-annual change in land water storage (expressed in terms of water volume change) over 27 large river basins worldwide are estimated from monthly GRACE geoids solutions computed at GFZ from February 2003 to February 2006. The largest annual water volume change is found in the Amazon basin, followed by the Parana, Ob, Orinoco, Tocantins, Niger, Congo, Ganges, Mekong, and Brahmaputra. In terms of trend over the 3-year period, positive and negative values are observed but in a number of cases computed trends are at the noise level. However significant negative trends are found in the Amazon, Ganges, Mississippi, Nile, Parana, and Zambezi basins, indicating water mass loss over that period. Positive trends (water mass gain) are marginally significant. We have computed the land water contribution to sea level change. On average over the 3-year time span, we find that the net effect is positive (net loss of water in terrestrial reservoirs), on the order of 0.19 +/− 0.06 mm/yr. If sustained over a longer time span than considered here, such a value may become comparable to the ice sheets contribution to sea level rise.  相似文献   

地震液化侧向变形对桩基受力影响及其防治措施     

林志钊 《福建地质》2004,23(4):213-217

分析地震液化引起地基侧移作用下的受力特性,并在此基础上提出桩基由于场地地基侧移引起震害的防治措施。  相似文献   

基于区间非概率可靠性方法的岩溶区桩基下溶洞顶板稳定性评价     

秦溯  李云安  孙琳 《水文地质工程地质》2019,(5):81-88

岩溶区桩基下溶洞顶板稳定性影响因素取值的不确定性及其样本数量的有限性,给桩基下溶洞顶板稳定性的评价带来了一定困难。根据现有研究成果,建立桩基下溶洞顶板抗冲切、抗剪切和抗弯力学简化模型,并从理论上推导相应的稳定性验算公式。在此基础上,结合区间分析理论和结构非概率可靠性度量方法,提出了基于区间非概率可靠性方法的桩基下溶洞顶板稳定性评价方法。该方法采用MATLAB中的INTLAB工具箱进行区间运算,并运用截断法消除运算过程中的区间扩展现象,最后通过比较溶洞顶板体系的非概率可靠性指标η与1的大小来判断桩基下溶洞顶板稳定性。以丹霞高速互通中D匝道2#桩基下溶洞为例,计算出该桩基下溶洞顶板体系的非概率可靠性指标η=7.95,该值大于1说明该桩基下溶洞顶板处于稳定状态,且评价结果与工程实际相符,表明了该方法的合理性与可行性。分别以3种功能函数为单位,研究当区间变量的变异系数C不同时(C从0.01递增至0.1),对应非概率可靠性指标η的变化规律。研究表明,随各区间变量变异系数C的增大,相应非概率可靠性指标呈不同程度的降低,其中溶洞顶板厚度h的变异性对评价结果影响最大,其次为桩端阻力分担比T,桩顶反力F的影响相对最小。  相似文献   

基于黄河冲洪积地层试桩试验优化 桩基承载力设计的研究          下载免费PDF全文

黄薛  曾纯品  雷炳霄  郭长恩 《探矿工程》2019,46(2):75-79

以山东东营某工程为例,基于黄河冲洪积地层试桩试验成果,对试桩试验、试桩单桩极限承载力实测值与预估值相差较大（6.36%～20.19%）的原因进行分析。建立在相同桩顶标高（-5.7 m）条件下单桩极限承载力实测平均值与桩底标高（可以换算成桩长）的关系曲线,对工程桩桩基承载力设计方法进行优化。根据桩基检测结果,优化后的工程桩在相同桩长、桩径条件下单桩极限承载力实测值与预估值承载力相比提高约10%,达到发掘地质条件的潜力、减少桩数、节省工程造价的目的。相关试验方法、优化桩基承载力设计的方法可为类似地质条件的工程设计及建立区域桩基承载力数据库提供借鉴。  相似文献