海坛岛风沙表层沉积物的粒度分布特征   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

陈方  李祖光 《台湾海峡》1993,12(4):385-392

本文对海坛岛风沙表层沉积物的粒度分布特征进行研究。结果表明：海坛岛风沙沉积物主要是由海岸带基岩和第四纪松散堆积物及闽江南下沿岸流所携带的泥沙，在海洋动力作用下堆积于海滩上，而后在强劲的ＮＮＥ向向岸盛行风作用下，海滩沙向陆搬运堆积而成的。风成沙的主要粒级为中沙，平均粒径为１．７３Ф；分选较好，标准差的平均值为０．６８，偏差多近于对称，偏态平均值为－０．０２；峰态窄，峰态平均值为１．２１。其搬运方式单  相似文献   

Biokarst on Limestone Coasts, Morphogenesis and Sediment Production   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Jürgen  Schneider Horst  Torunski 《Marine Ecology》1983,4(1):45-63

Abstract. Biokarst-forms on limestone coasts are developed and arranged according to the bionomic zonation. The development of biokarst is the result of bioerosion, a synergistic effect of biological corrosion by endoliths and biological abrasion by grazers.
The cumulative effect of biogenic carbonate destruction leads to coastal destruction with a resulting highly profiled morphology on the limestone surfaces along the coastal profile. Under the influence of environmental factors a zonation of organisms develops which brings in turn a zonation of erosion rates (0.1-1.1 mm a^-1) resulting in biokarst-forms such as rock holes, rock pools and notches.
Products of bioerosion on limestone coasts are dissolved carbonate (by biological corrosion, 10–30% of the decomposed limestone) and particulate carbonate (by biological abrasion, 70–90% of the decomposed limestone) both of which contribute directly or indirectly to nearshore sedimentation. Size and shape of the bioerosional grains are determined by the boring pattern of the endoliths. The fine-grained sediments (maximum within the fraction 20–63 μm) contribute 3–25 % to the nearshore sediments.
Drastic changes in the biological zonation (like the mass invasion of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus in the Northern Adriatic since 1972 which eliminated nearly the entire macrophyte zone) due to unknown factors or pollution can have a profound effect on the bioerosion rates, altering them by as much as a factor of ten.  相似文献   

厦门潮间带表层沉积物天然放射系不平衡研究   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

陈锦芳  刘广山  黄奕普 《台湾海峡》2005,24(3):274-282

用HPGeγ谱仪测定了厦门潮间带表层沉积物中的放射性核素,得到11种核素238U2、34Th2、26Ra2、22Rn2、10Pb2、28Ra2、28Ac2、28Th2、24Ra2、12Pb、40K的平均比活度分别为:40.2、82.7、32.4、28.9、94.2、69.3、57.1、71.6、64.0、71.4、692Bq/kg.结果表明潮间带沉积物中天然放射系不平衡,其中234Th相对于238U2、10Pb相对于226Ra过剩,222Rn相对于226Ra2、28Ac相对于228Ra2、24Ra相对于228Th亏损.  相似文献   

Dinoflagellate cysts in recent marine sediment from Guangxi, China   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Haifeng Gu  Qi Fang  Jun Sun  Dongzhao Lan  Feng Cai  Zhiyong Gao 《海洋学报(英文版)》2003,22(3):407-419

Total of 33 species of dinoflagellate cysts were discovered from surface sediment in the searegion of Guangxi, among them 12 cyst types (Diplopsalopsis sp.1, D. sp. 2, D. sp. 3, Cochlodinium sp., Protoperidinium sp. 1, P. sp. 2, P. compressum , Scrippsiella sp. 1, S. sp. 2, Alexandrium sp. 1, A. sp. 2, A. sp. 3) were first reported from the South China Sea. And one cyst type (Cochlodinium sp.) was first reported in the world. Scrippsiella trochoidea is the dominant species in this area, accounting for 45% of all the cysts. There are 2 cysts of toxic dinoflagellate (Alexandrium tamarensis and Gymnodinium catenatum). But there is no relationship between cyst number and grain size distribution.  相似文献   

海底沉积物颗粒因素在不同频率下对声衰减的影响     

刘强  卢博  黄韶健  张福生 《热带海洋学报》2007,26(4):27-31

综合了多个沉积物声学测量的实验方案,提出适合研究柱状海底沉积物声衰减的实验方案。对黏土质粉砂的物理性质和声学性质作了相关处理,得到了在高、低两种测量频率下该类型沉积物的波形特性、频谱特性和与沉积颗粒因素有关的孔隙度对声衰减比的影响。进一步作了相应的回归分析,低频时方差为0.169—0.175,高频时方差为0.029—0.032,尝试总结出黏土质粉砂类型沉积物在两种频率下的声衰减趋势。  相似文献   

转炉钢渣对两种对虾幼虾的急性毒性效应     

许刚  宋秀贤  刘云  董晓丹  俞志明 《海洋科学》2007,31(8):76-79

初步研究了一定粒径的转炉钢渣对日本对虾（Penaeus japonicus）幼虾和中国明对虾（fenneropenaeus chinensis）幼虾的急性毒性效应。实验结果显示，当钢渣质量浓度为1.8g／L时，日本对虾幼虾96h的最高死亡率为33．33％；随着钢渣质量浓度的增加，死亡率增高；当钢渣质量浓度为18g／L时，其96h的最大死亡率达到了75％。相对于日本对虾幼虾，钢渣质量浓度为18g／L时中国明对虾幼虾96h的最高死亡率只有36．67％。运用直线内插法求出钢渣对日本对虾幼虾96h半致死浓度为1．62g／L，钢渣对日本对虾的安全浓度为0．162g／L，而在实验条件下中国明对虾幼虾的半致死浓度要明显高于日本对虾幼虾。  相似文献   

台湾海峡中、北部上升流区浮游有孔虫的生态研究     

方惠瑛 《热带海洋学报》1995,(3)

分析１９８７—１９８８年在台湾海峡中、北部用浮游生物网采集的水层中的浮游有孔虫标本，研究调查海区浮游有孔虫的生态分布特征及其与海水温度和盐度的关系。结果表明：该海区浮游有孔虫计有１６种，以泡抱球虫Ｇｌｏｂｉｇｅｒｉｎａｂｕｌｌｏｉｄｅｓ为主要优势种类，其次是袋拟抱球虫Ｇｌｏｂｉｇｅｒｉｎｏｉｄｅｓｓａｃｃｕｌｉｆｅｒ和红拟抱球虫Ｇ．ｒｕｂｅｒ。在夏季的７月和８月（特别是７月），浮游有孔虫密集在福建中部沿岸的南日岛至闽江口外海海域一带沿岸水域，其中９０％以上的个体由泡抱球虫组成。此现象推测与夏季出现在福建沿岸的上升流活动有关。  相似文献   

A Numerical Model for Natural Backfill of Pipeline Trenches Subjected to Unidirectional／Oscillatory Flows     

LIANGDong-fang CHENGLiang KervinYEOW 《中国海洋工程》2005,19(2):269-286

A numerical model for the self-burial of a pipeline trench is developed. Morphological evolutions of a pipeline trench under steady-current or oscillatory-flow conditions are simulated with/without a pipeline inside the trench. The oscillatory flow in this study represents the action of waves. The two-dimensional Reynolds-averaged continuity and Navier-Stokes equations with the standard k-e turbulence closure, as well as the sediment transport equations, are solved with the finite difference method in a eurvilirrear coordinate system. Both bed and suspended loads of sediment transport are included in the morphological model. Because of the lack of experimental data on the backfilling of pipeline trenches, the numericalmodel is firstly verified against three closely-relevant experiments available in literature. A detailed measurement of the channel migration phenomenon under steady currents is employed for the assessment of the integral performance of themodel. The two experimental results from U-tube tests are used to validate the model‘s ability in predicting oscillatory flows. Different time-marching schemes are employed for the morphological computation under unidirectional and oscillatory conditions. It is found that vortex motions within the trench play an important role in the trench development.  相似文献   

Patterns and controls of surface sediment distribution: west-central Florida inner shelf   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Gregg R. Brooks  Larry J. Doyle  Richard A. Davis  Nancy T. DeWitt  Beau C. Suthard   《Marine Geology》2003,200(1-4):307-324

The west-central Florida inner shelf represents a transition between the quartz-dominated barrier-island system and the carbonate-dominated mid-outer shelf. Surface sediments exhibit a complex distribution pattern that can be attributed to multiple sediment sources and the ineffectiveness of physical processes for large-scale sediment redistribution. The west Florida shelf is the submerged extension of the Florida carbonate platform, consisting of a limestone karst surface veneered with a thin unconsolidated sediment cover. A total of 498 surface sediment samples were collected on the inner shelf and analyzed for texture and composition. Results show that sediment consists of a combination of fine quartz sand and coarse, biogenic carbonate sand and gravel, with variable but subordinate amounts of black, phosphorite-rich sand. The carbonate component consists primarily of molluskan fragments. The distribution is patchy and discontinuous with no discernible pattern, and the transition between sediment types is generally abrupt. Quartz-rich sediment dominates the inner 15 km north of the entrance into Tampa Bay, but south of the Bay is common only along the inner 3 km. Elsewhere, carbonate-rich sediment is the predominate sediment type, except where there is little sediment cover, in which cases black, phosphorite-rich sand dominates. Sediment sources are likely within, or around the periphery of the basin. Fine quartz sand is likely reworked from coastal units deposited during Pleistocene sea-level high stands. Carbonate sand and gravel is produced by marine organisms within the depositional basin. The black, phosphorite-rich sand likely originates from the bioerosion and reworking of the underlying strata that irregularly crop out within the study area. The distribution pattern contains elements of both storm- and tide-dominated siliciclastic shelves, but it is dictated primarily by the sediment source, similar to some carbonate systems. Other systems with similar sediment attributes include cool-water carbonate, sediment-starved, and mixed carbonate/siliciclastic systems. This study suggests a possible genetic link among the three systems.  相似文献   

溶解无机态营养盐在渤海沉积物-海水界面交换通量研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

王修林  辛宇  石峰  韩秀荣  祝陈坚  石晓勇 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2007,37(5):795-800

了解无机态营养严在渤海沉积物-海水界面交换速率、通量基控制因素,于2002-08-06~08-24,应用船基沉积物培养方法,现场测定了硅酸盐(SiO3-Si)、磷酸盐(PO4-P)和溶解无机氮(DIN)在沉积物-海水界面上的交换速率(νN)和交换通量(FN)。结果显示,νSiO3-Si变化范围为2 220~4 317μmol.m-2.d-1,平均为3 466μmol.m-2.d-1,νPO4-P为0.4~77μmol.m-2.d-1,平均为39μmol.m-2.d-1,νDIN为667~2 167μmol.m-2.d-1,平均为1 308μmol.m-2.d-1,其中NH4-N和NO3-N的贡献分别为48%和47%左右。进一步分析表明,νSiO3-Si主要由溶解和扩散2个过程控制,前者决定于沉积物黏土矿物含量和含水率,后者决定于营养盐浓度和温度。νPO4-P主要由在以黏土为主的细颗粒和氢氧化铁上的吸附-解吸和扩散过程控制,前者分别决定于沉积物粒度和上覆水中DO浓度,而后者决定于间隙水与上覆水之间的浓度差。结果表明,FSiO3为2.59×1013mmol,FPO4为2.95×1011mmol,FDIN/SE为8.62×1012mmol。这样,为维持夏季渤海初级生产力,沉积物交换过程可提供大约65%的SiO3-Si、12%的PO4-P和22%的DIN,远远高于以河流径流为主的陆源排放。  相似文献