Assessment of the tsunami hazard on the Russian coast based on a new catalogue of tsunamis in the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov     

A.A. Nikonov  V.K. Gusiakov  L.D. Fleifel’ 《Russian Geology and Geophysics》2018,59(2):193-205

We present the results of work on the compilation of a fuller and more comprehensive historical catalogue of earthquakes and tsunamis in the basin of the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov, an area of primary importance for the Russian Federation. In the 20th century, there were no significant tsunamis in the Black Sea; therefore, its coast was not considered tsunami-prone. A systematic search for new data sources, a revision of earlier ones, and the use of new approaches to the identification of tsunamigenic events resulted in a more than doubling of the number of known tsunamigenic events in this basin, bringing it up to 50. The total length of the new tsunami catalogue reached 3000 years, which makes it the second longest after the Mediterranean tsunami catalogue (about 4000 years). Taking into account the seismotectonic features of the Black Sea region, we processed data on historical tsunamis and analyzed the geographical and temporal distributions of their sources. For all tsunamigenic events we performed a parameterization of available information about their sources and coastal manifestations, evaluated the tsunami intensity based on the Soloviev-Imamura scale, and proposed a classification of tsunami and tsunami-like water wave disturbances based on their genesis. Tsunami run-up heights, inland penetration, and damage were estimated with regard for the newly found data. Among the identified historical events, there are devastating tsunamis with run-ups of 4-5 m, sometimes up to 6-8 m, which resulted in disastrous consequences for several ancient cities (Dioscuria, Sebastopolis, Bizone, and Panticapaeum) and many coastal settlements. Expert assessments of the most tsunami-prone areas of the coasts are given.  相似文献   

Seismotectonic versus man-induced morphological changes in a cave on the Arrábida chain (Portugal)     

José António Crispim 《Geodinamica Acta》2013,26(3-4):135-142

Abstract

Distinctions between cave morphologies originating from seismic or active tectonics and those generated by natural clastic breakdown or by human activity must be made using unambiguous interpretative criteria.

Easily accessible caves in particular, which may have been visited for centuries or millennia, or caves located near engineering works or quarries using great quantities of explosives, may have broken speleothems, breakdowns or detachment joints unrelated to seismic events or tectonic movements.

Zambujal cave lies near neotectonic and seismic structures associated with a Plio-Quatemary 200 m uplift of the Arrábida chain and has suffered impacts resulting from quarrying, followed by possible vandalism. It is thus an example for which it is difficult to decipher morphological agents as there is the possibility that identical forms have been generated by several causes, which may have repeated at different episodes of its evolution. However, a careful morphological interpretation makes it possible to accept the existence of two seismic episodes, an “ancient” one and a “modern” one. The detection of other episodes between these is only possible using absolute dating. © Elsevier, Paris  相似文献   

Measuring coseismic deformation on the northern segment of the Bam-Baravat escarpment associated with the 2003 Bam (Iran) earthquake, by correlation of very-high-resolution satellite imagery     

M. de Michele  D. Raucoules  H. Aochi  N. Baghdadi  C. Carnec 《Geophysical Journal International》2008,173(2):459-464

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Geothermic activity and seismotectonics in the altitude of the Tibetan plateau     

Jiren Xu  Zhixin Zhao Institute of Geology  Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences  Beijing  China 《地震学报(英文版)》2009,(6):651-658

In the present analysis on the relationships among the depth of lithosphere brittle fracture,seismotectonics and geothermal anomalous active in Tibetan plateau were investigated using the seismic dada from ISC and Chinese seismic net and geothermal data.The results suggest that the region of anomalously geothermal activity almost coincides with that of the normal faulting type earthquake.The geothermal anomaly activity region coincides spatially with that of the events deeper than 60 km as well as.The norma...  相似文献   

Seismicity and seismotectonics of West Saxony, Germany — new insights from recent seismicity observed with the Saxonian seismic network     

M. Korn  S. Funke  S. Wendt 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》2008,52(4):479-492

A new network of permanently recording seismic stations in West Saxony has considerably improved detection threshold, location accuracy and depth determination in this seismically active region. Between 2001 and 2007 more than 900 events have been located. Seismicity mainly occurred along a band stretching north-south between Leipzig and Vogtland/NW Bohemia area with local magnitudes ranging between −0.8 and 2.8. Seismicity clearly delineates the Leipzig-Regensburg (L-R) fault zone striking N-S, and the Gera-Jachymov (G-J) fault zone striking roughly NNW-SSE. The hypocentral depths can be divided into two depth ranges, one at depths below 10 km, and a second at less than 10 km depth that only extends S-N from the Vogtland until the crossing between L-R and G-J fault zones. A small earthquake sequence that occurred near Werdau/Zwickau in August 2006 at almost the same epicenters as an earlier sequence 1997/98 seems to confirm this finding: a relative localization of 15 events with the double-difference technique clearly reveals two distinct subclusters at about 6 and 12–14 km depth. With the improved station coverage 33 new fault plane solutions from events along the L-R fault zone north of the swarmquake area could be determined from P-polarities and P/S ratios. They do not differ significantly from solutions in the Vogtland/NW-Bohemia area and are mostly compatible with a N-S oriented fault plane. Strike slip mechanisms with or without a dip slip component dominate.  相似文献   

Microseismicity and focal mechanisms at the western termination of the North Anatolian Fault and their implications for continental tectonics   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Denis Hatzfeld  Maria Ziazia  Despina Kementzetzidou  Panayotis Hatzidimitriou  Dimitris Panagiotopoulos  Kostas Makropoulos  Panayotis Papadimitriou  & Anne Deschamps 《Geophysical Journal International》1999,137(3):891-908

For seven weeks, a temporary network of 68 seismological stations was operated in Central Greece, in the region of Thessaly and Evia, located at the western termination of the North Anatolian Fault system. We recorded 510 earthquakes and computed 80 focal mechanisms. Seismic activity is associated with the NE–SW dextral North Aegean Fault, or with very young E–W-striking normal faults that are located around the Gulf of Volos and the Gulf of Lamia. The important NW–SE-striking faults bounding the Pilion, or the basins of Larissa and Karditsa, are not seismically active, suggesting that it is easier to break continental crust, creating new faults perpendicular to the principal stresses, than to reactivate faults that strike obliquely to the principal stress axes  相似文献   

首都圈地震活动构造成因的小震精定位分析   总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13       下载免费PDF全文

李乐  陈棋福  陈颙 《地球物理学进展》2007,22(1):24-34

应用双差地震定位法对首都圈及其邻区1980～2004年发生的地震进行重新定位,进行首都圈的地震构造成因分析表明：重定位的地震表现为与区域构造更为密切的“井”字形活动分布,地震震源分布证实了人工地震勘探所推断的深大断裂的存在;首都圈地区的地震多发生于地壳的中、上部,可能存在局域构造块体运动变形和深部构造动力作用的二种不同地震构造成因;地震活动图像表明中强震易发生在上下地壳相交的脆－韧性转换带中,并揭示了首都圈地区潜在的地震空区和陡倾角的隐伏断层.  相似文献   

基性岩摩擦本构参数与下地壳地震成核的可能性          下载免费PDF全文

谭文彬  何昌荣 《地震地质》2007,29(1):161-171

摩擦滑动的力学行为能够很好地由速率和状态依赖性摩擦本构关系来描述。文中对地壳岩石滑动稳定性的控制因素进行了综述:1)微小扰动对摩擦滑动的影响分析(线性分析)表明,摩擦滑动中不稳定产生的重要条件是速率依赖性参数a-b<0,在这种条件下,地震滑动可以在断层上成核;2)下地壳的水含量测定表明,可能存在“干”、“湿”两种情况,而已有岩石流变实验结果表明稳定大陆内部下地壳在干燥条件下为脆性变形行为;3)近年来发现一部分强震发生在基性的下地壳,使辉长岩高温高压摩擦实验受到重视。干燥条件下辉长岩的摩擦实验研究表明,在420~615℃的温度范围内,速度弱化可能是典型的滑动行为。综合考虑较冷大陆内部下地壳可能出现的“干燥”条件以及在此条件下不大可能发生塑性流动等相关因素,这一结果可能就是在一些地区下地壳发生地震的原因  相似文献   

Spatial distribution and focal mechanism solutions of the Wenchuan earthquake series: Results and implications          下载免费PDF全文

Chen Cai  Chunquan Yu  Kai Tao  Xingping Hu  Yuan Tian  Hao Zhang  Xiaofeng Cui  Jieyuan Ning 《地震科学（英文版）》2011,24(1):115-125

We relocate the spatial distribution of the devastating 12 May 2008 Wenchuan earthquake and its aftershocks. The relocation database is obtained from 89 stations deployed by the China Earthquake Administration, including 54 525 seismograms from 1 376 local earthquakes over M_S 3.5 between 12 May 2008 and 3 August 2008. The cross-correlation technique used in this paper has greatly improved the relocation precision by giving much more accurate P-wave differential travel-time measurements than those obtained from routinely picked phase onsets. At the same time, we pick P-wave polarity observations of the Wenchuan earthquake series (hereafter referred to as WES) from 1 023 stations in China and 59 IRIS (incorporated Research Institutions of Seismology) stations. Then, employing a newly developed program CHNYTX, we obtain 83 well-determined focal mechanism solutions (hereafter referred to as FMSs). Based on spatial distribution and FMSs of the WES, we draw following conclusions: (1) The region near the main shock exhibits a buried low-angle northwest-dipping seismic zone with the main shock at its upper end and two conjugated seismic zones dipping southeast with roughly equal dip-angle; (2) The compressional directions of all kinds of FMSs of the WES are subhorizontal, which reflects the dominant stress in this area is compressional; (3) The principal compressional direction of the regional stress around Wenchuan is roughly perpendicular to the strike of Beichuan-Yingxiu fault, while around Qingchuan it is roughly parallel to the strike of Qingchuan fault. In intermediate part of the Longmenshan area, the principal compressional direction of the stress should be in-between; (4) The possibly existed molten materials in the lower crust of Songpan-Garze terrain have small contribution to the local stress state in Longmenshan area. The listric geometries of the Longmenshan faults most probably resulted from subhorizontal compression along NW-SE direction in history.  相似文献   

从青藏高原航磁资料分析尼泊尔8.1级地震构造背景     

赖晓玲  孙译 《大地测量与地球动力学》2016,36(7):595-599

利用小波分析处理青藏高原航磁资料,得到多尺度的航磁异常分布图。一阶小波结果反映地壳浅部的构造特征,在第Ⅰ和第Ⅱ缝合带位置,存在多条明显的北西西向弧形构造,由正负相间的磁异常带组成;在格尔木附近第Ⅳ缝合带位置存在近东西向的负磁异常条带。三阶小波结果反映地壳深部的构造特征,在约84°～91°E存在明显的近南北向的负磁异常条带,是研究区主要的深部构造特征。尼泊尔8.1级地震和3次7级强余震发生在近南北向的负磁异常条带的南端。该位置是近东西向的喜马拉雅构造带和近南北向的深部负磁异常条带的交汇部位。总体来说,青藏高原航磁资料揭示的浅部构造为多条近东西走向的带状构造,而深部构造是以近南北走向为主要特征,复杂的立交构造交汇部位是发生尼泊尔8.1级大地震的深部构造背景。  相似文献