Assessing Natural and Cultural Determinants of Urban Forest Quality in Nanjing (China)   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

《自然地理学》2013,34(5):455-473

This study assessed underlying natural and cultural determinants of tree health and ways to improve urban forest performance in compact Nanjing city. Two groups of factors were investigated: (1) habitat conditions, including planting site, ground-cover, land cover, and district; and (2) tree traits, including species provenance and seasonality, and tree dimensions. A stratified sampling strategy selected 6351 trees for detailed assessment. The data were analyzed by multivariate logistic regressions. Institutional, park-garden and industrial trees with more open-space sites with vegetated ground-cover performed better than roadside and residential ones. Poor trees in confined residential sites deviated from those in other cities. Park-garden sites did not always nurture meritorious, large and diversified trees. District differentiation in tree performance was related to land cover. Exotic and evergreen species grew better than indigenous and deciduous, offering hints on species-habitat matching. Detailed field and statistical analyses could yield tree-environment information to enhance urban forestry research and management.  相似文献   

Mathematical definitions of operators for cartographic generalization     

Zhong Yexun  Wei Wenzhan  Hu Yuju  Zheng Hongbo 《地球空间信息科学学报》2013,16(1):70-73

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Plant drought tolerance trait is the key parameter in improving the modeling of terrestrial transpiration in arid and semi-arid regions   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

Xintao Liu  Xingjie Lu  Shulei Zhang  Zhongwang Wei  Nan Wei  Shupeng Zhang  Hua Yuan  Wei Shangguan  Shaofeng Liu  Jianfeng Huang  Lu Li  Xiulan Ye  Jinxuan Zhou  Wenke Hu  Yongjiu Dai 《大气和海洋科学快报》2022,15(1):35-41

陆面过程蒸腾作用的模拟制约着天气,气候降水预测的精确度.近几十年来,为了更好地描述植被蒸腾的水力约束,陆面过程模式发展了基于植物性状的植物水力胁迫方案.然而,我们对于植物性状在蒸腾模拟中的地位仍然缺乏了解,植物性状对蒸腾的重要性仍需进一步量化.本研究利用Morris方法评估植物性状参数在通用陆面模式植物水力胁迫方案(CoLM-P₅₀HS)中的重要性,针对17种植物性状,筛选出最为重要的:耐旱性状(P₅₀),气孔性状,和光合作用性状.在12个FLUXNET站点中,参数的重要性由归一化敏感度来衡量.P₅₀的重要性随着降水的减少而增加,而气孔性状和光合作用性状的重要性则随着降水的减少而减少.在干旱或半干旱地区,P₅₀比气孔性状和光合作用性状更重要,这意味着当植物经常经历干旱时,水力安全策略比植物生长策略更关键.而耐旱性状的巨大变异性进一步暗示了多种植物水力安全策略的共存.忽视P₅₀的变异性可能会对陆面过程模式蒸腾作用的模拟造成严重误差.因此,为了更好地表示植物水力功能的变异性,需要增加对耐旱性状的观测并耦合到陆面模式中.  相似文献   

Interpreting Reynolds stress from perspective of eddy geometry     

《Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans》2021

Geometric features in oceanic mesoscale eddies such as tilt and anisotropy can influence the properties of the Reynolds stress that provides feedback between the eddies and the background flow. By regarding an eddy as a wave, previous studies have parameterized the Reynolds stress based on the equivalence in the tilt angle between the phase of the eddy stream functions and the variance ellipse for the Reynolds stress (RS-ellipse). However, the wave assumption cannot predict the anisotropy of the RS-ellipse, and also largely simplifies the eddy geometry, which would naturally be an ellipsoid rather than a wave. The present study explores the shape relation between elliptical eddies and the RS-ellipse, by mathematically reformulating the Reynolds stress based on the eddy shape. The new formula reveals that the shape relation is regulated by the horizontal extent of the occurrence probability distribution (PDF) of the eddy, and that the shape of the eddy and RS-ellipse are identical at the place of maximum PDF when the horizontal scale of the PDF is sufficiently larger than the size of the eddy. A similar tendency is found in eddies detected by satellite altimetry in the Kuroshio Extension jet region. A detailed analysis of the PDF in this region shows that the tilts of the eddies are likely to be consistent with the destabilization effect on the jet, suggesting a strong relation between the eddy geometry and the jet's stability in this region. These findings may open a path toward a new method to parameterize the Reynolds stress with the background state, exploiting the shape equivalence between the eddies and the RS-ellipse.  相似文献   

明渠非恒定流流速分布及推移质运动研究进展          下载免费PDF全文

马爱兴  陆彦  陆永军  曹民雄 《水科学进展》2012,23(1):134-142

明渠非恒定流流速分布及非恒定流作用下推移质运动分别是水力学和泥沙运动力学研究中的重要问题之一。近几十年来,国内外许多学者在这些领域做过很多探索,取得了一定进展,也存在较多问题。在总结相关研究成果的基础上,简述了明渠非恒定流试验方法、流速分布、床面切应力、非恒定流输沙与水流运动不同步现象、产生原因、以及非恒定流推移质输沙公式等方面的成果,指出了现有研究中存在的不足,提出了需要进一步研究的关键问题:应用先进的量测仪器,研究非恒定流作用下非均匀沙运动输移规律。  相似文献   

淤泥质浅滩泥沙临界起动切应力剖面确定   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

庞启秀  白玉川  杨华  张瑞波  贾志博 《水科学进展》2012,23(2):249-255

为了确定淤泥质浅滩泥沙的临界起动切应力垂线剖面,采用音叉密度计在淤泥质连云港徐圩浅滩进行了定点密度垂线分布测量,并针对该海域的泥沙利用长水槽和环形槽开展了泥沙起动室内试验。淤泥密度现场结果表明,浅滩泥沙密度与深度满足对数型关系;室内试验得出密度1 050~1 400 kg/m³的泥沙临界起动切应力值为0.1~1.0 Pa,泥沙临界切应力与密度呈指数关系;进而确定了临界起动切应力与深度的关系即临界起动切应力剖面,该剖面关系式可供数学模型模拟淤泥质浅滩的泥沙起动过程参考。  相似文献   

断裂（带）对采空塌陷及地裂缝地质灾害的影响——以山东新泰市河山子村为例     

常允新  王振涛  冯在敏 《中国地质灾害与防治学报》2012,23(3):66-68

新泰市河山子村东部较大范围集中发生地面裂缝和房屋裂缝,裂缝点沿莲花山断层呈线状分布,所在地段远离采空区,基岩裸露,经调查分析,排除了岩溶塌陷、区域构造活动引发的可能,结合有关研究认为,断层带的存在使采空塌陷及地裂缝的影响范围扩大,就本区而言,较传统理论预测范围扩大了243m,相当于采空地面变形影响角减小为48°．  相似文献   

成庄矿区构造特征及应力场分析     

王彦军  赵学晶 《安徽地质》2012,(2):93-97,102

本文对成庄矿区褶皱、断层及3号煤层的构造特征进行了总结论述.通过对矿区节理的统计、配套和分期,对该区燕山期以来的主应力方位、期次进行了划分,将主应力划分为3期,同时将成庄矿区含煤地层形成以后的构造演化划分为三个阶段:早期应力阶段奠定成庄矿区煤田构造基本格架;中期应力阶段对成庄矿区造成的影响很小;晚期应力阶段完成了矿区内煤田构造基本格局.  相似文献   

对济南地区基坑降水引起既有地基沉降的认识   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

樊祜传  于峰 《岩土工程技术》2012,(5):234-237

结合工程经验,对基坑降水引起的周边既有建筑地基沉降的影响因素进行了总结,针对采用分层总和法估算降水引起地基沉降公式中,对应附加应力段的压缩系数取值不准问题,提出了采用基于地层应力历史的降水引起周边地基沉降的估算方法,并结合工程实例对降水引起地基沉降进行了预测。  相似文献   

压力分散型预应力锚索张拉试验及应力损失探讨     

左小伟  周峰 《岩土工程技术》2012,(5):256-258

以某边坡工程压力分散型预预应力锚索的张拉试验为基础,介绍了压力分散型预应力锚索工作机理及张拉试验过程,并对应力损失、预应力筋的伸长量及桩身变形进行分析和初步探讨。  相似文献