与地幔柱有关的成矿作用及其主控因素   总被引：7，自引：3，他引：4  

徐义刚  王焰  位荀  何斌 《岩石学报》2013,29(10):3307-3322

地幔柱是地球动力系统中重要的组成部分,不仅形成规模巨大的大火成岩省,也形成了众多具有重要经济价值的矿床类型。由地幔柱形成不同的岩浆系列显示了特有的成矿专属性,如镁铁-超镁铁质层状岩体与钒钛磁铁矿矿床和铜镍硫化物矿床,科马提岩与铜镍硫化物矿床,斜长岩与钒钛磁铁矿矿床,过碱性花岗岩系列与铌-钽-锆-稀土矿床,金伯利岩与金刚石矿等。在分析与地幔柱相关矿床的基础上,我们认为地幔柱结构、岩浆源区特征、结晶分异过程、硫化物饱和、地壳混染和岩浆侵位过程等是地幔柱成矿的关键控制因素。本文还对矿床成因研究中的存在问题以及几种潜在的地球化学找矿/评价指标(如橄榄石的Ni含量、单斜辉石和磁铁矿中的Cr含量,层状岩体的PGE 含量和Re-Os同位素联合示踪等)进行了评述。  相似文献   

Determining the impact of the Holocene highstand at the coastal‐fluvial interface,Shoalhaven River,south‐eastern Australia     

Stephanie J. Kermode  Martin R. Gibling  Brian G. Jones  Tim J. Cohen  David M. Price  James S. Daley 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2013,38(13):1481-1495

With enhanced rates of sea‐level rise predicted for the next century, the upstream extent of sea‐level influence across coastal plains is a topic of public importance. Australian coastal rivers provide a testing ground for exploring this issue because the area is tectonically stable, was not glaciated, and experienced a Holocene highstand between 7.4 and 2 ka of up to 1.5 m above Australian Height Datum (AHD). In the Shoalhaven River of New South Wales, investigation of a confined bedrock reach at Wogamia, 32 km inland, has identified a unit of dark, cohesive silt and sand with marine diatoms, shell fragments, and enhanced pyrite content, interpreted as estuarine. The unit is up to 13 m thick, thickens downstream, and is overlain by fluvial channel and floodplain deposits. The estuarine unit on‐laps a remnant Pleistocene terrace and extends to approximately +2.2 m AHD. Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) and radiocarbon ages suggest that estuarine deposition commenced prior to 7.8 ka cal bp , predating the highstand by ~ 500 years, and that marine influence in the area continued to 5.3 ± 0.7 ka. During this period, a delta probably persisted at Wogamia, where a narrow upstream reach opens out, and subsequently advanced to fill the broad Shoalhaven coastal embayment. Although the effect of sea‐level rise depends on many factors, the results suggest that, during a highstand at or above present sea level, a strong marine influence may extend for tens of kilometres inland and penetrate confined bedrock reaches landward of coastal embayments. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Influence of Quaternary paleoclimate change on the permeability of the loess–paleosol sequence in the Loess Plateau,northern China     

Kai Hou  Hui Qian  Qiying Zhang  Tao Lin  Yao Chen  Yuting Zhang  Wengang Qu 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2020,45(4):862-876

Permeability differences in multi-cycle loess–paleosol aeolian sediments, which are still poorly understood, have the potential to significantly improve our understanding of climatic change during the glacial–interglacial periods of the Quaternary. In this study, the permeability of a well-preserved and continuous loess–paleosol sequence in the South Jingyang Plateau was investigated. Weathering intensity was inferred using a series of climate proxies including grain-size distribution, magnetic susceptibility and mineralogy. The results of laboratory tests showed that the average saturated hydraulic conductivity of loess layers is higher than that of paleosol layers. Also, clear differences between loess and paleosol were found in terms of depth variations of the vertical and horizontal saturated hydraulic conductivities. Differences in loess–paleosol were also found for other proxies for pedogenic weathering [i.e. clay content, sand content, Kd value (ratio of coarse silt to clay), magnetic susceptibility, dolomite content and the ratios of hornblende/illite and hornblende/chlorite]. Our results showed a high permeability of loess layers associated with weak pedogenic weathering during cold/dry paleoclimatic conditions in glacial stages. On the contrary, paleosol layers developed in a warm/humid climate during the interglacial stages experienced strong pedogenic weathering that resulted in lower permeability. Based on these results, we construct a connection between Quaternary climate change theory and the modern hydrological system. This provides a scientific basis for investigating the distribution and pollution of groundwater resources in the local region. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Phylogenetic analyses of four species of Ulva and Monostroma grevillei using ITS, rbc L and 18S rDNA sequence data     

林中姮  沈颂东  陈伟洲  李慧慧 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2013,31(1):97-105

Chlorophyta species are common in the southern and northern coastal areas of China. In recent years, frequent green tide incidents in Chinese coastal waters have raised concerns and attracted the attention of scientists. In this paper, we sequenced the 18S rDNA genes, the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions and the rbcL genes in seven organisms and obtained 536-566 bp long ITS sequences, 1 377-1 407 bp long rbcL sequences and 1 718-1 761 bp long partial 18S rDNA sequences. The GC base pair content was highest in the ITS regions and lowest in the rbcL genes. The sequencing results showed that the three Ulva prolifera (or U. pertusa) gene sequences from Qingdao and Nan’ao Island were identical. The ITS, 18S rDNA and rbcL genes in U. prolifera and U. pertusa from different sea areas in China were unchanged by geographic distance. U. flexuosa had the least evolutionary distance from U. californica in both the ITS regions (0.009) and the 18S rDNA (0.002). These data verified that Ulva and Enteromorpha are not separate genera.  相似文献   

Community replacement sequences and paleoenvironmental changes in reef areas of South China from Late Permian to Early Triassic exemplified by Panlongdong section in northeastern Sichuan Basin     

LIU LiJing  JIANG HongXia  WU YaSheng  CAI ChunFang 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2014,57(5):1093-1108

The well-known Permian Changhsingian calcisponge reef located at Panlongdong section,Xuanhan county,northeastern Sichuan Basin has attracted wide attention.Due to severe dolomitization and poor quality of the fossils,the P-T boundary in this section is difficult to determine.This study,for the first time,recognized six communities in the Upper Permian Changhsingian Changxing Formation through the Lower Triassic Induan Feixianguan Formation of the Panlongdong section.They are Bryozoan-Archaeolithoporella-calcisponge Community,Calcareous green algae-foraminifer-crinoid Community,Microgastropod-foraminifer Community,Ostracod-microgastropod-cystic microbe Community,Ostracod-small brachiopod Community,and Non-calcified cyanobacteria Community.By using community replacement and palaeoenvironmental analysis,for the first time,we set the P-T boundary of the Panlongdong section at the middle of the calcimicrobialite containing cystic microbes.The community replacement sequence in the Panlongdong section is similar to that in other contemporaneous sections in reef areas of South China,indicating universal palaeoenvironmental changes during the Permian-Triassic transition.The results show that:(1)Changhsingian calcisponge reefs in South China generally vanished before the mass extinction and may be related to the large regression in the Late Permian.(2)The Calcareous green algae-foraminifer-crinoid Community replaced reef community and continued till the mass extinction.The mass extinction was probably related to the global sea-level drop.(3)The first aftermath community was dominated by specialized microgastropods,followed by the microbes,and then by the specialized microgastropods and small brachiopods.The succession of the three communities reflected the change in environmental conditions from dysoxic to anoxic and again to dysoxic.(4)In the Early Triassic,the relict community in shallow sea had very low diversity and low abundance,and was dominated by crinoids,gastropods,and bivalves.  相似文献   

2011年腾冲中强地震序列震源机制和发震构造研究     

高洋  徐彦 《震灾防御技术》2015,10(S1):712-723

2011年腾冲地区连续发生了3次中强地震,本文运用全波形模拟的方法研究了这3次中强地震序列的震源机制解,并对地震序列进行了重定位。笔者结合由震源机制解及重定位结果对其发震构造进行了分析,认为3次中强地震及序列均位于同一发震构造,呈北西走向,破裂面倾角陡直,在近水平的北北东向压应力作用下作右旋水平走滑错动,断层较浅仅限于上地壳,活动过程有向深部发展的趋势;震源区附近无明显已知构造与发震构造相对应,发震构造可能为未知隐伏构造。  相似文献   

Hierarchical biostratigraphical classification of long pollen sequences     

P. C. Tzedakis 《第四纪科学杂志》1994,9(3):257-259

  相似文献   

灵台红粘土—黄土—古土壤序列频率磁化率的古气候意义   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  

孙有斌  安芷生  孙东怀  孙东怀 《高校地质学报》2001,7(3):300-306

通过对甘肃灵台晚新生代红粘土－黄土－古土壤序列的磁化率测量和频率磁化率分析，发现红粘土及黄土－古土壤的磁化率和频率磁化率化率存有良好的正相关关系，表明两套沉积在成壤过程中由生物作用或化学作用而形成的超顺磁性矿物含量，对磁化率和频率磁化率增大有重要的贡献。相比化率而言，受影响因素较少的频率磁化率变化，反映了不同气候条件下形成的超顺磁粒级铁磁矿物的相对含量，能更真实、敏感地记录不同时间尺度的古气候波动。灵台红粘土－黄土－古土壤序列的频率磁化等在2．6MaBP前后不同的变率特征，揭示了大冰期来临前后黄土高原的冷暖、干湿反差产生了显著变化，而与此相关的冬、夏季风变迁则表现出不同的组合特征。  相似文献   

同期叠置式火山构造地层层序的建立--以福建永泰油洋地区早白垩世寨下组火山岩地层为例     

黄春光 《福建地质》2001,20(3):109-115

在大面积火山岩分布地区填图，对于复杂的相互叠置的同期不同喷发次的火山岩，通过火山构造的研究、不同喷发次界面的确定及不同岩石组合特征的归并，划分出喷发间歇期区（带），并理清不同火山构造和群体间的上下关系。在这基础上，依据各火山构造和群体的地层剖面建立地层层序。这不仅反映了测区火山活动的全貌，而且对建立火山岩地层的层序更趋合理。  相似文献   

趋磁细菌及磁小体对黄土-古土壤序列磁化率贡献的模拟实验研究   总被引：5，自引：3，他引：5       下载免费PDF全文

彭先芝  贾蓉芬  李荣森  戴顺英  刘东生 《第四纪研究》2002,22(2):188-194

选择西峰和段家坡两个黄土剖面,对磁化率变化显著的L₆-S₅-L₅层段,通过对样品中的趋磁细菌(MB)用相同的培养基富集及生长培养,初步定量模拟了MB和磁小体(MSs)对黄土-古土壤序列磁化率的贡献。富集培养MB后,段家坡剖面样品磁化率表现出不同程度的增高,最大达116.4%(DS_5-1)。以古土壤样品XS_5-1、DS_5-1为介质生长培养MB,DS_5-1磁化率的增长与接种的菌液量呈近似线性关系。此外,生长培养后古土壤样品频率磁化率与FeO/Fe₂O₃比值呈现出相似的变化趋势,证实了磁小体的形成。由此表明:1)MB和MSs是影响黄土剖面磁化率的因素之一,受气候和地质环境等因素的影响,不同地区黄土剖面MB的生长和MSs的形成存在差异,因此对磁化率的贡献也不尽相同;2)MSs是黄土-古土壤序列中超细粒磁性物质的组成部分。当气候环境比较适宜MSs形成及保存时,MSs在黄土剖面中超细粒(≤50nm)磁性组分中比重会相应增高,对磁化率和频率磁化率的影响也更为突出。  相似文献