春运期大气15—25天振荡的传播与江苏连阴雨（雪）过程   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

欧阳玫君  胡洛林 《气象科学》2000,20(1):90-95

本文对６年春运期江苏附近几个经圈和纬圈８５０ｈＰａ温度格点序列, 分别计算１５－２５天带通滤波。结果表明１１０°Ｅ和３５°Ｎ剖面的低频波与江苏连阴 雨（雪）天气过程有较好的对应关系。  相似文献   

广西前汛期暴雨天气过程的特征分析     

吴兴国 《气象研究与应用》2000,21(2):7-8

通过对1959-1999年4～6月发生在广西的暴雨天气过程特征作一较系统的分析,得出4～6月广西出现暴雨天气过程的年平均次数分别为0.98、2.39、2.78次;4～6月不出现暴雨天气过程的机率分别为0.34、0.07和0.07;4～6月出现的暴雨过程的年平均日数为1.02、2.73和4.05d。  相似文献   

Chemical evolution and volcanic activity of the active crater lake of Poás volcano, Costa Rica, 1993–1997     

M. Martínez  E. Fernndez  J. Valds  V. Barboza  R. Van der Laat  E. Duarte  E. Malavassi  L. Sandoval  J. Barquero  T. Marino 《Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research》2000,97(1-4)

Concentrations of chloride and sulfate and pH in the hot crater lake (Laguna Caliente) at Poás volcano and in acid rain varied over the period 1993–1997. These parameters are related to changes in lake volume and temperature, and changes in summit seismicity and fumarole activity beneath the active crater. During this period, lake level increased from near zero to its highest level since 1953, lake temperature declined from a maximum value of 70°C to a minimum value of 25°C, and pH of the lake water increased from near zero to 1.8. In May 1993 when the lake was nearly dry, chloride and sulfate concentrations in the lake water reached 85,400 and 91,000 mg l⁻¹, respectively. Minimum concentrations of chloride and sulfate after the lake refilled to its maximum volume were 2630 and 4060 mg l⁻¹, respectively. Between January 1993 and May 1995, most fumarolic activity was focused through the bottom of the lake. After May 1995, fumarolic discharge through the bottom of the lake declined and reappeared outside the lake within the main crater area. The appearance of new fumaroles on the composite pyroclastic cone coincided with a dramatic decrease in type B seismicity after January 1996. Between May 1995 and December 1997, enhanced periods of type A seismicity and episodes of harmonic tremor were associated with an increase in the number of fumaroles and the intensity of degassing on the composite pyroclastic cone adjacent to the crater lake. Increases in summit seismic activity (type A, B and harmonic tremor) and in the height of eruption plumes through the lake bottom are associated with a period of enhanced volcanic activity during April–September 1994. At this time, visual observations and remote fumarole temperature measurements suggest an increase in the flux of heat and gases discharged through the bottom of the crater lake, possibly related to renewed magma ascent beneath the active crater. A similar period of enhanced seismic activity that occurred between August 1995 and January 1996, apparently caused fracturing of sealed fumarole conduits beneath the composite pyroclastic cone allowing the focus of fumarolic degassing to migrate from beneath the lake back to the 1953–1955 cone. Changes in the chemistry of summit acid rain are correlated changes in volcanic activity regardless of whether fumaroles are discharging into the lake or are discharging directly into the atmosphere.  相似文献   

螺旋度在一次夏季强沙尘暴中的分析应用   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

岳平  牛生杰  张强  王连喜  杨有林 《中国沙漠》2007,27(2):337-341

在分析2005年7月16—17日甘肃省河西走廊区域性强沙尘暴发生的气候背景及环流特征的基础上,将Tudurf等1997年给出的相对地面螺旋度以及Davies Jonces等1990年给出的相对风暴螺旋度应用到对强沙尘暴的诊断分析当中。结果显示,利用温度平流与相对地面螺旋度之间的关系比较容易得出天气系统经过的区域螺旋度的值,但相对地面螺旋度的计算结果依赖于对天气系统的准确分析,尤其是水平温度梯度的判断;相对风暴螺旋度的强中心与发生沙尘暴的强中心有很好的对应关系。  相似文献   

片断化热带雨林土壤种子库初步研究   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

唐勇  曹敏  白昆甲 《山地学报》2000,18(6):568-571

通过萌发实验研究片断化热带雨林的森林土壤种子库的储量、种类组成以及种子的分布。结果表明,在厚度为10cm的土壤中,受次生植被隔离的城子龙山雨林片段土壤种子库储量达到6494±155粒/m2,高于连续森林的4585±235粒/m2。而受人工植被隔离的曼仰广龙山雨林片段由于缺乏种源,土壤种子库储量较低,仅达到3505±43粒/m2。土壤种子库中的种子种类也以城子龙山为最多,达到69种。从土壤种子库的水平分布看,受次生植被影响的城子龙山和迁地保护区从林缘至林内种子储量呈下降的趋势,而需子龙山隔离程度较高、受人畜干扰严重,森林内外土壤种子库储量显差异不显著。  相似文献   

雨影区对海南岛西部土地沙漠化影响的风洞实验研究   总被引：6，自引：5，他引：1  

李森  刘贤万  孙武 《中国沙漠》2006,26(2):165-171

风洞系列实验证明,山体雨影区与垂直平板绕流后回流区的作用原理是一致的, 山体雨影区的宽度是山体高度的15 H。据实验结果分析,海南岛西部雨影区形成的原因是季风气流沿山脉迎风坡面爬升冷却,坡脚形成热低压,在背风面回流收敛形成暖高压,气流变性为焚风。海南岛中南部多道山脉的雨影区和中南半岛长山山脉雨影区叠加、交汇后,强化了海南岛西部的干热化并形成热带半干旱气候环境,始终影响着土地沙漠化发展演变。  相似文献   

中国北方典型强沙尘暴的地面加热场特征分析   总被引：14，自引：10，他引：4  

王劲松  俞亚勋  赵建华 《中国沙漠》2004,24(5):599-602

选取了中国北方16个典型强沙尘暴事件, 利用NCEP/NCAR的日平均全球再分析网格点资料, 对这些典型强沙尘暴事件的地面感热通量场、潜热通量场的分布特征进行了分析; 同时对该区域中强沙尘暴的不同发生区地面的加热场也进行了对比分析。结果表明, 通常在典型强沙尘暴事件发生区表现为正的感热通量和正的潜热通量; 沙尘暴多发区域的南疆盆地表现为以潜热加热为主, 西北区东部表现为以感热加热为主, 华北地区北部则表现为感热和潜热加热同等重要; 南疆盆地和西北区东部沙尘暴的发生受下垫面的影响较大, 华北区北部沙尘暴的发生受下垫面的影响相对较小。  相似文献   

三峡船闸高边坡降雨入渗的三维数值仿真     

戴会超  朱岳明  田斌 《岩土力学》2006,27(5):749-753

基于反映裂隙岩体渗透张量各向异性特性的广义达西定律与相对透水率等裂隙岩体渗流基本理论,应用三维非线性有限元方法,对长江三峡工程永久船闸高陡边坡在连续降雨条件下裂隙岩体饱和-非饱和、非恒定渗流扩散过程进行了三维数值仿真分析,得出了连续降雨条件下船闸高陡边坡裂隙岩体渗流场的时空分布规律及典型降雨时段闸室混凝土衬砌上的最不利外水压力荷载,对暴雨入渗情况下闸室边墙稳定性与安全性进行了评价。分析结果表明,闸室混凝土衬砌具有较高的安全度;船闸高陡边坡内排水系统效果显著,即使遭遇长期强降雨,闸室衬砌上的外水压力荷载受降雨的影响也不大。  相似文献   

海底混输管线严重段塞流动的预测与控制   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

徐孝轩  宫敬 《海洋工程》2005,23(4):121-128

随着海洋油气田开发向深水海域发展,海底混输管线距离过长,且存在立管系统,容易形成严重段塞流动的现象日益严重.在严重段塞流工况下,管线的流动参数,如压降、段塞长度、段塞频率、持液率都随时间变化,并且表现为周期性变换的压力波动以及间歇出现的液塞.严重段塞流的不稳定性给油气田集输系统的设计及运行管理造成了巨大的困难.本文介绍了海底混输管线中严重段塞流动预测与控制的实验与理论研究进展,同时,对于节流、气举、分离等8类15种控制严重段塞的方法分别进行了评述,旨在为进一步开展海底油气混输管线严重段塞流动的研究提供借鉴,为工程实践提供参考.  相似文献   

Insights on stream temperature processes through development of a coupled hydrologic and stream temperature model for forested coastal headwater catchments          下载免费PDF全文

Jason A. Leach  Dan Moore 《水文研究》2017,31(18):3160-3177

Stream temperature controls a number of biological, chemical, and physical processes occurring in aquatic environments. Transient snow cover and advection associated with lateral throughflow inputs can have a dominant influence on stream thermal regimes for headwater catchments in the rain‐on‐snow zone. Most existing stream temperature models lack the ability to properly simulate these processes. We developed and evaluated a conceptual‐parametric catchment‐scale stream temperature model that includes the role of transient snow cover and lateral advection associated with throughflow. The model consists of routines for simulating canopy interception, snow accumulation and melt, hillslope throughflow runoff and temperature, and stream channel energy exchange processes. The model was used to predict discharge and stream temperature for a small forested headwater catchment near Vancouver, Canada, using long‐term (1963–2013) weather data to compute model forcing variables. The model was evaluated against 4 years of observed stream temperature. The model generally predicted daily mean stream temperature accurately (annual RMSE between 0.57 and 1.24 °C) although it overpredicted daily summer stream temperatures by up to 3 °C during extended low streamflow conditions. Model development and testing provided insights on the roles of advection associated with lateral throughflow, channel interception of snow, and surface–subsurface water interactions on stream thermal regimes. This study shows that a relatively simple but process‐based model can provide reasonable stream temperature predictions for forested headwater catchments located in the rain‐on‐snow zone.  相似文献