Monitoring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the Northeast Aegean Sea using Posidonia oceanica seagrass and synthetic passive samplers     

《Marine pollution bulletin》2014,88(1-2):338-344

The concentrations of 22 polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in Posidonia oceanica seagrass, sediments, and seawater from the Alexandroupolis Gulf in the Aegean Sea, were investigated from 2007 to 2011. Temporal trends of total PAH contents in P. oceanica and sediments were similar. PAH levels in seawater, sediments, and seagrasses generally decreased with increasing distance from Alexandroupolis Port. Leaves and sheaths of P. oceanica had higher PAH levels than roots and rhizomes. P. oceanica accumulates PAHs and has good potential as a bioindicator of spatiotemporal pollution trends. PAH concentrations were also examined using in situ passive seawater sampling and were compared to results of passive sampling in the laboratory using local sediments and seawater. Levels of high molecular weight PAHs assessed using passive samplers confirmed the decreasing gradient of pollution away from Alexandroupolis Port. Passive sampling also proved useful for investigating sources of PAHs in P. oceanica meadows.  相似文献   

Sampling efficiency in Monte Carlo based uncertainty propagation strategies: Application in seawater intrusion simulations     

《Advances in water resources》2014

The implementation of Monte Carlo simulations (MCSs) for the propagation of uncertainty in real-world seawater intrusion (SWI) numerical models often becomes computationally prohibitive due to the large number of deterministic solves needed to achieve an acceptable level of accuracy. Previous studies have mostly relied on parallelization and grid computing to decrease the computational time of MCSs. However, another approach which has received less attention in the literature is to decrease the number of deterministic simulations by using more efficient sampling strategies. Sampling efficiency is a measure of the optimality of a sampling strategy. A more efficient sampling strategy requires fewer simulations and less computational time to reach a certain level of accuracy. The efficiency of a sampling strategy is highly related to its space-filling characteristics.This paper illustrates that the use of optimized Latin hypercube sampling (OLHS) strategies instead of the widely employed simple random sampling (SRS) and Latin hypercube sampling (LHS) strategies, can significantly improve sampling efficiency and hence decrease the simulation time of MCSs. Nine OLHS strategies are evaluated including: improved Latin hypercube sampling (IHS); optimum Latin hypercube (OLH) sampling; genetic optimum Latin hypercube (GOLH) sampling; three sampling strategies based on the enhanced stochastic evolutionary (ESE) algorithm namely φ_p-ESE which employs the φ_p space-filling criterion, CLD-ESE which utilizes the centered L₂-discrepancy (CLD) space-filling criterion, and SLD-ESE which uses the star L₂-discrepancy (SLD) space-filling criterion; and three sampling strategies based on the simulated annealing (SA) algorithm namely φ_p-SA which employs the φ_p criterion, CLD-SA which uses the CLD criterion, and SLD-SA which utilizes the SLD criterion. The study applies SRS, LHS and the nine OLHS strategies to MCSs of two synthetic test cases of SWI. The two test cases are the Henry problem and a two-dimensional radial representation of SWI in a circular island. The comparison demonstrates that the CLD-ESE strategy is the most efficient among the evaluated strategies. This paper also demonstrates how the space-filling characteristics of different OLHS designs change with variations in the input arguments of their optimization algorithms.  相似文献   

How hydrological factors initiate instability in a model sandy slope   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

Tomomi Terajima  Ei‐ichiro Miyahira  Hiroyuki Miyajima  Hirotaka Ochiai  Katsumi Hattori 《水文研究》2014,28(23):5711-5724

Knowledge of the mechanisms of rain‐induced shallow landslides can improve the prediction of their occurrence and mitigate subsequent sediment disasters. Here, we examine an artificial slope's subsurface hydrology and propose a new slope stability analysis that includes seepage force and the down‐slope transfer of excess shear forces. We measured pore water pressure and volumetric water content immediately prior to a shallow landslide on an artificial sandy slope of 32°: The direction of the subsurface flow shifted from downward to parallel to the slope in the deepest part of the landslide mass, and this shift coincided with the start of soil displacement. A slope stability analysis that was restricted to individual segments of the landslide mass could not explain the initiation of the landslide; however, inclusion of the transfer of excess shear forces from up‐slope to down‐slope segments improved drastically the predictability. The improved stability analysis revealed that an unstable zone expanded down‐slope with an increase in soil water content, showing that the down‐slope soil initially supported the unstable up‐slope soil; destabilization of this down‐slope soil was the eventual trigger of total slope collapse. Initially, the effect of apparent soil cohesion was the most important factor promoting slope stability, but seepage force became the most important factor promoting slope instability closer to the landslide occurrence. These findings indicate that seepage forces, controlled by changes in direction and magnitude of saturated and unsaturated subsurface flows, may be the main cause of shallow landslides in sandy slopes. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

城市活动断层探测中的浅层地震勘探数据库建设——以石嘴山市活动断层探测为例          下载免费PDF全文

王银  杜克平  于贵华  孟广魁  崔谨  吴熙彦 《地震工程学报》2014,36(1):186-194

浅层人工地震勘探是城市活断层探测工程中的重要部分。浅层地震勘探数据库记录测点位置、测线分布图、断点位置等详细信息。本文以宁夏石嘴山市活动断层探测为例,重点介绍了针对石嘴山市内四条隐伏断裂所布设的33条浅层地震勘探测线数据库建设的数据库模型、技术方法、操作技巧及注意事项,为城市活断层探测中基于 ArcGIS等平台系统建立浅层地震勘探数据库提供借鉴。  相似文献   

基于Web-GIS的市县级农业气象业务服务系统研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

陈金华  吴文玉  杨太明  何彬方  王晓东 《气象与环境学报》2014,30(4):99-104

加强市县级农业气象业务信息化与自动化建设,可有效提升直通式农业气象服务水平。本文面向基层气象为农服务需求,依托省级农业气象业务服务平台,构建基于Web-GIS市县级农业气象业务服务系统。系统首先应用ArcSDE技术,将省级农业气象业务服务平台输出的农业气象监测、灾害诊断和利弊影响分析等数据产品,转换为空间数据库;采用ArcGIS Server for Flex API开发技术,在浏览器端实现对农业气象数据产品的空间分析。通过拓展省级农业气象周年服务方案、农业气象指标库及农业气象灾害防御对策等知识库,构建农业气象知识库在线维护与服务平台。并基于Internet平台,为县级气象为农服务人员,提供基础数据统计分析及省、市、县三级农业气象业务服务产品共享等功能。系统基于B/S结构,便于推广应用,可为基层直通式农业气象服务提供重要技术支撑。  相似文献   

多排螺旋CT对结核性腹膜炎与癌性腹膜炎的鉴别诊断     

赵建宁  刘正敏  吴青青  陈玉洪 《CT理论与应用研究》2014,(3):475-481

目的：探讨结核性腹膜炎（TBP）及癌性腹膜炎（CP）的多排螺旋CT（MSCT）表现,为两者的诊断及鉴别提供依据。方法：搜集2010年9月～2011年9月的24例TBP和47例CP患者的CT影像资料,全部病例经手术和病理进行确诊,采用χ2检验比较各种CT征象在两种病变中的发生率,结合病理变化、临床症状进行分析。结果：TBP组及CP组患者大量腹水,所占比例差异有统计学意义（41.7%、72.3%,χ2=9.695,P〈0.05）。TBP组以壁层腹膜均匀光滑增厚、肠系膜污垢样改变为主,CP组壁层腹膜以不规则、结节、块样增厚为主。结论：以壁层腹膜改变为基础,综合大网膜、肠系膜、腹水及淋巴结改变CT征象进行对两种病变的诊断及鉴别诊断具有重要意义。  相似文献   

浅海孔底锤击绳索取芯钻探工艺浅析     

靳程  贺超  孙水文 《防灾减灾学报》2014,(2):71-74

主要介绍了浅海海域锆钛砂矿勘查中采用孔底锤击绳索取芯钻探工艺的原理、注意事项并简单介绍工程实例。经实践证明该工艺具有较好的使用价值,可以推广到工程钻探中。  相似文献   

祁连山青海云杉(Picea crassifolia)林土壤有机碳与化学性质的相互关系   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

赵维俊  刘贤德  张学龙  车宗玺  齐鹏  牛赟 《冰川冻土》2014,36(6):1565-1571

通过对祁连山大野口流域的青海云杉林大样地进行土壤剖面取样, 分析了样地土壤有机碳与pH值、养分和阳离子交换量等基本化学性质的变化规律及其相互关系. 结果表明: 随土层深度不断增加, 土壤有机碳含量逐渐减小, 在20～30 cm以下趋于稳定(P > 0.05); 土壤pH值不断增大, 仅在0～10 cm与10～20 cm差异显著(P<0.05); 土壤全氮、速效氮、全磷和阳离子交换量不断减小, 全氮含量在30～40 cm以下趋于稳定(P > 0.05), 速效氮含量变化剧烈(P<0.05), 全磷含量差异性不显著(P > 0.05), 阳离子交换量与有机碳含量变化规律相同; 土壤速效磷、全钾和速效钾含量没有明显的变化规律, 速效磷和全钾含量差异性不显著(P > 0.05), 速效钾含量仅在0～10 cm与10～20 cm差异显著(P<0.05). 土壤有机碳与全氮、速效氮、全磷、速效磷、速效钾和阳离子交换量之间呈极显著和显著正相关, 与土壤pH值和全钾含量之间呈极显著和显著负相关. 土壤有机碳与其他基本化学性质的回归方程具有较高精度(R²=0.793), 影响土壤有机碳含量的主要化学因子依次为土壤阳离子交换量、速效钾和全磷含量.  相似文献   

基于桩身应力测试的静压PHC管桩贯入机制   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

寇海磊  张明义 《岩土力学》2014,35(5):1295-1302

压桩过程中PHC管桩侧摩阻力与端阻力的分离是制约其贯入机制及承载力研究的瓶颈。通过桩身预埋准分布式FBG光纤传感器,对贯入成层土地基中5根足尺开口PHC管桩侧摩阻力及端阻力发展变化情况进行了监测。试验表明,准分布式光纤传感测试技术现场可操作性强,粗放施工环境下贯入阻力分离效果较为理想。成层土地基中压桩力曲线基本反映地层土性变化,桩端土层性状对压桩力影响较大。硬质土层界面处试桩压桩力平均增幅约为64.06%,端阻力受地层变化影响更为显著,平均增长幅度约为97.41%,侧摩阻力平均增长幅度约为17.92%;桩端位于非硬质土层试桩压桩力变化不明显。贯入过程中现场足尺试验桩身应力变化不同于室内模型试验,桩身上、下部侧摩阻力发挥的力学机制不同。受现场粗放施工条件及深度方向土层变化影响,贯入成层土地基中桩侧摩阻力临界深度现象不明显。  相似文献   

基于数字钻进技术和量子遗传-径向基函数神经网络的围岩类别超前识别技术研究     

邱道宏  李术才  薛翊国  田昊  闫茂旺 《岩土力学》2014,35(7):2013-2018

围岩类别超前分类是隧道施工过程中必须开展的一项工作,其直接关系到后续的开挖及施工支护方案。为有效地进行隧道围岩类别超前分类,提出了基于数字钻进技术和量子遗传（QGA）-径向基函数（RBF）神经网络的围岩类别超前分类方法。以数字钻进技术为基础,从钻进参数中提取有用信息,构建围岩类别超前分类指标体系。采用量子计算原理对遗传算法进行改进,通过量子位编码和量子旋转门更新种群,以此来确定RBF神经网络的参数,建立了基于QGA-RBF神经网络的围岩类别超前识别系统。最后将该方法应用于青岛胶州湾海底隧道的围岩类别超前识别中,结果表明,该方法具有较高的准确性,其结果为围岩类别超前分类提供了一种新思路。  相似文献