印太交汇区海洋生物多样性中心形成演化机制研究进展与展望   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

徐奎栋 《海洋与湖沼》2021,52(2):262-273

印太交汇区是当前全球海洋生物多样性的中心,中心的形成演化是地质历史、气候、海洋环境和生命过程协同作用的结果.本文从印太交汇区海洋生物多样性分布格局、形成演化、成因假说与环境驱动机制等角度,概述了相关研究进展,并梳理了研究存在的问题.迄今对印太交汇区多样性中心形成的关键过程和机制的认识仍相当有限.基于近岸浅海研究判定的全...  相似文献   

Transpiration and plant water relations of evergreen woody vegetation on a recently constructed artificial ecosystem under seasonally dry conditions in Western Australia     

Willis Gwenzi  Erik J. Veneklaas  Timothy M. Bleby  Isa A.M. Yunusa  Christoph Hinz 《水文研究》2012,26(21):3281-3292

Understanding transpiration and plant physiological responses to environmental conditions is crucial for the design and management of vegetated engineered covers. Engineered covers rely on sustained transpiration to reduce the risk of deep drainage into potentially hazardous wastes, thereby minimizing contamination of water resources. This study quantified temporal trends of plant water potential (ψ_p), stomatal conductance (g_s), and transpiration in a 4‐year‐old evergreen woody vegetation growing on an artificial sandy substrate at a mine waste disposal facility. Transpiration averaged 0.7 mm day^?1 in winter, when rainfall was frequent, but declined to 0.2 mm day^?1 in the dry summer, when the plants were quite stressed. In winter, the mean ψ_p was ?0.6 MPa at predawn and ?1.5 MPa at midday, which were much higher than the corresponding summer values of ?2.0 MPa and ?4.8 MPa, respectively. The g_s was also higher in winter (72.1–95.0 mmol m^?2 s^?1) than in summer (<30 mmol m^?2 s^?1), and negatively correlated with ψ_p (p < 0.05, r² = 0.71–0.75), indicating strong stomatal control of transpiration in response to moisture stress. Total annual transpiration (147.2 mm) accounted for only 22% of the annual rainfall (673 mm), compared with 77% to 99% for woody vegetation in Western Australia. The low annual transpiration was attributed to the collective effects of a sparse and young vegetation, low moisture retention of the sandy substrate, and a superficial root system constrained by high subsoil pH. Amending the substrate with fine‐textured materials should improve water storage of the substrate and enhance canopy growth and deep rooting, while further reducing the risk of deep drainage during the early stages of vegetation establishment and in the long term. Overall, this study highlights the need to understand substrate properties, vegetation characteristics, and rainfall patterns when designing artificial ecosystems to achieve specific hydrological functions. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

淮南市区浅层地下水求参公式的建立     

许多顶  钱谋始 《安徽地质》1994,(4)

根据淮南市区浅层地下水埋深浅，滞后效应小等特点，推导出一套实用的水文参数计算公式，包括：降水入渗补给地下水系数ａ，蒸发极限深度Ｌ，蒸发系数Ｃ，以及浅层地下水的给水度ｕ的计算公式。  相似文献   

深反射地震资料处理和解释的初步研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

徐明才  高景华  胡振远 《物探与化探》1995,19(5):360-365,367,368

深反射地震资料处理的关键是从干扰背景中提取和增强深层弱有效信号,提高剖面的信噪比和分辨率.深反射地震剖面的解释要着眼于大的地质构造运动和成因,运用地质规律进行综合地质解释.在解释中,通过分析和研究某些相干干扰波的形成和特点,有助于对深反射地震剖面进行可靠的地质推断解释.  相似文献   

IMPLICIT NONLINEAR NORMAL MODE INITIALIZATION:A MULTIGRID APPROACH          下载免费PDF全文

D.R.C.Nair  B.Chakravarty  P.Niyogi 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》1993,(1)

The implicit nonlinear normal mode initialization (INMI) is applied to a tropical limited area shallow water modelin spherical coordinates.The boundary condition for the INMI scheme is based on the boundary formulation of themodel.The INMI scheme is found to be very efficient in suppressing spurious gravity wave oscillation and providing awell balanced initial data set for the model.The INMI scheme involves solving a number of elliptic type equations withvarying complexity.and hence an efficient numerical technique is required for solving such equations.In order to makeINMI computationally more attractive,we are employing the multigrid method for solving all the elliptic type equationsin the INMI scheme.The numerical procedures for the development of such multigrid solvers are briefly described.  相似文献   

Storm surge mitigation through vegetation canopies     

M. B. Danard  T. S. Murty 《Natural Hazards》1994,9(1-2):155-166

The paper of Reid and Whitaker (1976) on the effects of a vegetation canopy on flow of water is re-examined. Their assumptions on the equality of various drag coefficients are replaced by more realistic calculations. A new method for calculating wind stress on water is presented for the case when the vegetation extends above the water surface.For the case of vanishingly small water depth, it is shown that the horizontal stress is approximately constant in the vertical. This results in a diagnostic relationship for the water current as a function of the wind stress and bottom roughness.A new expression for the vertically averaged frictional force per unit mass is derived on the assumption that the friction velocity varies linearly with height. The vertical rate of change of friction velocity depends on the mean water current, the wind stress, the bottom roughness, and the water depth. This work has a possible application in the mitigation of storm surges.  相似文献   

浅层地温强震前的异常变化   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

曹新来  张子广 《华北地震科学》1995,13(4):9-17

浅层地温指地表至地下３．２ｍ深处的地温。通过数十年浅层地温变化与强地震活动关系的研究，指出了强地震发生前一段时间０．８ｍ地温与地表温度的相关系数为历年同期最低值；０．８ｍ、１．６ｍ和３．２ｍ地温连续６个月以上为正距平，且平均距平值分别大于０．８、０．７和０．５即认为地温有升温异常；在此时段内地温有历年同期最大值或次大值；做半年尺度或以月为简单的０．８ｍ地温、地表温度平均距平等值线图，等值线的分布圈  相似文献   

博斯腾湖湖泊沉积物光释光年代测量^*   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

范育新  赵晖  陈发虎  黄小忠  杨美临 《第四纪研究》2007,27(4):568-575

使用光释光年代学的单片再生法测量了博斯腾湖沉积剖面中碳酸盐泥及粉砂质泥底部的浅湖相灰色粉细砂和风成沙的年龄,对剖面上部碳酸盐层中陆生植物残体进行了AMS ¹⁴ C测年。通过不同测片的等效剂量(D_e)值的分布状况评价了样品的晒褪程度,选择不随灵敏度校正后的自然释光信号变化的相对集中的等效剂量(D_e)值计算了样品的埋藏年龄。通过这些年龄结果的对比,发现石英矿物的OSL年龄和AMS ¹⁴ C年龄在地层上是一致的,表明尽管在浅湖相细砂中存在不完全晒褪,但根据相对较小而集中的D_e值计算得到的年龄结果是可靠的。这些年龄结果和地层资料揭示末次冰消期以来至早全新世,博斯腾湖处于无水干盆地向深水湖泊转化的浅水湖泊状态,现代深水博斯腾湖大约形成于距今8ka前后。  相似文献   

航空物探在珠海-深圳地区浅层水资源环境评价中的应用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

卢建忠  吴其反  方迎尧  万建华 《物探与化探》2007,31(6):598-604

珠海-深圳地区位于广东省南部,由于多种原因,浅层水资源遭受严重污染,淡水资源不足,致使当地人民生活用水和工农业用水比较紧张,制约着该区的经济发展.为了了解该区水资源状况,近年来应用航空综合物探(航磁、航空电磁和放射性伽马能谱)测量技术,快速有效地查明了该区海侵范围和浅层地下水的水质和淡水区的划分与分布,并对地下热水资源进行了预测,为全面了解该区水资源状况提供了可靠的基础资料,对科学地评价浅层水资源环境具有重要作用.  相似文献   

Modelling and inversion of single-ended refraction data from the shot gathers of multifold deep seismic reflection profiling—an approach for deriving the shallow velocity structure     

V. Vijaya Rao  Kalachand Sain  V. G. Krishna 《Geophysical Journal International》2007,169(2):507-514

A multifold crustal-scale deep seismic near-vertical reflection profile generates a large number of single-ended shot gathers, which provide redundant data sets because of overlapping coverage of the shallow refractors. We present an approach for deriving the shallow velocity structure by modelling and inversion of single-ended seismic refraction first arrival traveltime data. We apply this method to a data set acquired with a 12-km long spread with 100 m spacing of shots and receivers, of the Neoproterozoic Marwar basin in the NW Indian shield. The approach is shown to be quite successful for delineating the shallow refractor depths, steep dips and velocities, even in the absence of regular reverse refraction profiles. The study reveals two-layered sedimentary formations, Malani volcanics and a complicated basement configuration of the Marwar basin, and provides a measure of resolution and uncertainty of the estimated model parameters. A seismic section of the near-trace gather is found to be qualitatively consistent with the derived structural features of the basin. The relative highs and lows, observed in the Bouguer gravity profile, further corroborate the derived velocity model. The present approach can be especially useful in offshore areas and elsewhere, where the single-ended multifold seismic profiles are the only available data sets.  相似文献