Neogene marine sediments and biota encapsulated between lava flows on Santa Maria Island (Azores,north-east Atlantic): An interplay between sedimentary,erosional and volcanic processes     

Alfred Uchman  Markes E. Johnson  Ricardo S. Ramalho  Rui Quartau  Björn Berning  Ana Hipólito  Carlos S. Melo  ANA C. Rebelo  Ricardo Cordeiro  Sérgio P. Ávila 《Sedimentology》2020,67(7):3595-3618

Sedimentary rocks are rarely preserved on reefless volcanic oceanic islands because their sediments are mostly exported from coastal areas towards the deep sea and such islands typically undergo subsidence. In contrast, the exceptional geological record of the uplifted Santa Maria Island (Azores) provides a unique opportunity to gain insight on such coastal systems. This study focuses on a locality at Ponta do Cedro (eastern Santa Maria Island), which features a series of marine fossiliferous sediments wedged between steep lava deltas. As demonstrated by local structure, these sediments correspond to clinoforms deposited on the steep submarine slope of an active volcanic island, implying transport from shallow waters to greater depths and subsequent colonization by benthic communities. Rapid volcanic progradation eventually sealed the deposits, allowing for their preservation and providing a rare snapshot of the ecology during those intervals, in addition to insights on sedimentary dynamics along submarine island slopes. This study reveals spatial relationships between wedges of sedimentary bodies encapsulated by lavas in the Ponta do Cedro section, and interprets depositional processes preserved in those strata based on sedimentological and palaeontological data. The dynamics of the environment are mostly related to relative sea-level changes, intense volcanic activity and regional uplift during the Neogene.  相似文献   

The geometry of fan‐deltas and related turbidites in narrow linear basins     

Abraham Zelilidis 《Geological Journal》2003,38(1):31-46

The sediment distribution in three narrow, linear basins, two modern and one ancient, in Greece and Italy, was studied and related to changes in basin configuration. The basins are the Plio‐Quaternary Patras–Corinth graben, the Pliocene–Quaternary Reggio–Scilla graben and the middle Tertiary Mesohellenic piggy‐back basin. These basins were formed at different times and under different geodynamic conditions, but in each case, the tectonic evolution produced a narrow area in the basin where the water depth decreased dramatically, forming a strait with a sill. This strait divided the basin into major and minor sub‐basins, and the strait has a similar impact on sedimentary environments in all three basins, even though different depositional environments were formed along the initial basin axis. Predictions for the development of depositional environments in the two modern basins, especially in their straits, are based on the studied ancient basin. In the straits, powerful tidal flows will transport finer sediments to sub‐basins and trapezoidal‐type fan‐deltas will gradually fill up and choke the strait through time. In sub‐basins, according to basin depth, either deltaic (in the shallow minor sub‐basin) or turbiditic (in the deep major sub‐basin) deposits may accumulate. Moreover, an extensive shelf is likely to develop between the strait and major sub‐basin. This shelf will be cross‐cut by canyons and characterized by thin fine‐ to coarse‐grained deposits. These sediment models could be applied to analogous basin geometries around the world. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Quantifying faulting and base level controls on syn‐rift sedimentation using stratigraphic architectures of coeval,adjacent Early‐Middle Pleistocene fan deltas in Lake Corinth,Greece     

Bonita J. Barrett  Richard E. LL. Collier  David M. Hodgson  Robert L. Gawthorpe  Robert M. Dorrell  Timothy M. Cullen 《Basin Research》2019,31(6):1040-1065

Quantification of allogenic controls in rift basin‐fills requires analysis of multiple depositional systems because of marked along‐strike changes in depositional architecture. Here, we compare two coeval Early‐Middle Pleistocene syn‐rift fan deltas that sit 6 km apart in the hangingwall of the Pirgaki‐Mamoussia Fault, along the southern margin of the Gulf of Corinth, Greece. The Selinous fan delta is located near the fault tip and the Kerinitis fan delta towards the fault centre. Selinous and Kerinitis have comparable overall aggradational stacking patterns. Selinous comprises 15 cyclic stratal units (ca. 25 m thick), whereas at Kerinitis 11 (ca. 60 m thick) are present. Eight facies associations are identified. Fluvial and shallow water facies dominate the major stratal units in the topset region, with shelfal fine‐grained facies constituting ca. 2 m thick intervals between major topset units and thick conglomeratic foresets building down‐dip. It is possible to quantify delta build times (Selinous: 615 kyr; Kerinitis: >450 kyr) and average subsidence and equivalent sedimentation rates (Selinous: 0.65 m/kyr; Kerinitis: >1.77 m/kyr). The presence of sequence boundaries at Selinous, but their absence at Kerinitis, enables sensitivity analysis of the most uncertain variables using a numerical model, ‘Syn‐Strat’, supported by an independent unit thickness extrapolation method. Our study has three broad outcomes: (a) the first estimate of lake level change amplitude in Lake Corinth for the Early‐Middle Pleistocene (10–15 m), which can aid regional palaeoclimate studies and inform broader climate‐system models; (b) demonstration of two complementary methods to quantify faulting and base level signals in the stratigraphic record—forward modelling with Syn‐Strat and a unit thickness extrapolation—which can be applied to other rift basin‐fills; and (c) a quantitative approach to the analysis of stacking patterns and key surfaces that could be applied to stratigraphic pinch‐out assessment and cross‐hole correlations in reservoir analysis.  相似文献   

珊瑚礁遥感研究进展   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

黄荣永  余克服  王英辉  刘嘉鎏  张惠雅 《遥感学报》2019,23(6):1091-1112

珊瑚礁是生物多样性和初级生产力最高的海洋生态系统之一,对人类社会与海洋生态环境的健康和可持续发展有重要作用,而珊瑚礁又是中国南海主要的国土类型,国家因此越来越重视对南海珊瑚礁的规划、管理、建设与保护。珊瑚礁的调查与探测则是进行珊瑚礁活动的基础与依据,而遥感则在珊瑚礁的大范围探测方面具有很大的潜力,所以国内外已经存在很多利用遥感对珊瑚礁进行调查与探测的研究与应用。本文将按照被动遥感和主动遥感的顺序,客观地阐述国内外珊瑚礁遥感研究与应用的进展,探讨珊瑚礁遥感研究与应用的发展趋势,并尝试总结中国珊瑚礁遥感的机遇和挑战。其中被动遥感包括珊瑚礁地形与水深的遥感、珊瑚礁底质与地貌的遥感、珊瑚礁岸线变化与稳定性的遥感以及珊瑚礁环境的遥感等,而主动遥感则包括珊瑚礁水深的机载激光雷达遥感、珊瑚礁地貌的船载声学遥感和珊瑚礁地形的星载微波遥感等。结果发现,国内珊瑚礁遥感研究与应用的整体水平落后于国外:虽然在部分数据处理方面具有比国外更先进的技术,但相应的应用基础研究仍然达不到国外的广度与深度。因此,国内的珊瑚礁遥感研究仍需要鼓励珊瑚礁学者更多的参与与合作,以便在硬件设备和数据处理等方面加强针对珊瑚礁遥感的研究,进而融合多种手段而实现珊瑚礁遥感的工程化应用。  相似文献   

海啸在冲绳海槽和东海浅水大陆架地形上产生和传播的数值模拟   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李伟  朱元清  王本龙  宋治平 《地震地磁观测与研究》2007,28(5):138-142

运用数值模拟的方法对在冲绳海槽产生9.0级地震,并引发海啸的过程和海啸波在东海浅水大陆架地形上的传播过程进行研究.模拟的结果表明,数值模拟产生的波浪符合海啸波的特点,东海浅水大陆架适合海啸波的传播.  相似文献   

Application of the Characteristic CIP Method to a Shallow Water Model on the Sphere     

PENG Xindong  CHANG Yan  LI Xingliang  XIAO Feng 《大气科学进展》2010,27(4):728-740

Semi-implicit algorithms are popularly used to deal with the gravitational term in numerical models. In this paper, we adopt the method of characteristics to compute the solutions for gravity waves on a sphere directly using a semi-Lagrangian advection scheme instead of the semi-implicit method in a shallow water model, to avoid expensive matrix inversions. Adoption of the semi-Lagrangian scheme renders the numerical model always stable for any Courant number, and which saves CPU time. To illustrate the efficiency of the characteristic constrained interpolation profile (CIP) method, some numerical results are shown for idealized test cases on a sphere in the Yin-Yang grid system.  相似文献   

Small-scale instabilities of an island wake flow in a rotating shallow-water layer     

Samuel Teinturier  Alexandre Stegner  Henri Didelle  Samuel Viboud 《Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans》2010

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山崩连续体模式之数值仿真(英文)     

郭志禹  张国桢  蕃安佑  陈健志  戴义钦  董家钧  陈柔妃 《福建地质》2010,29(Z1)

<正>Recent advances in landslide/avalanche modeling have been enabling us to investigate the kinematics of such catastrophic events with much more details.Taiwan is located in a region where seismic activities and extreme weather conditions frequently occur.One of their common consequences is the slope failure.In the past decodes,we witnessed at least three giant landslides:Tsaoling,Jiufenershan landslides,triggered by the Chi-Chi earthquake in  相似文献   

断陷湖盆萎缩期浅水三角洲沉积演化与沉积模式——以东营凹陷牛庄洼陷古近系沙三段上亚段和沙二段为例   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

赵伟  邱隆伟  姜在兴  陈妍 《地质学报》2011,85(6):1019-1027

通过对东营凹陷牛庄洼陷沙三段上亚段和沙二段地层沉积体系的划分以及沉积体系与层序格架之间关系的研究,发现在断陷湖盆的萎缩期也可以发育大型浅水三角洲,与坳陷型湖盆浅水三角洲不同的是,它的主要的沉积微相类型、平面形态和砂体展布特征等具有明显阶段性的变化,并且该变化与湖盆体系域的演化有着密切联系.在低位和湖退体系域,三角洲主要...  相似文献   

鄂尔多斯盆地七里村油田延长组长62油层沉积相特征及沉积模式   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

杜贵超 《沉积与特提斯地质》2014,(4):30-39

本文通过钻井、测井资料及露头地质剖面研究,对鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组长62油层沉积相进行了系统分析。研究表明,研究区目的层发育三角洲前缘亚相沉积,其不具备吉尔伯特式三角洲模式的顶积层、前积层、底积层三层结构。沉积结构上,三角洲单体厚度薄、分布广,具有"毯状"沉积结构、水下分流河道砂体优势发育等特征。沉积微相发育是以分流河道砂体为骨架,河口坝一般不发育,分流河道遭受不同程度的席状化改造。一方面,当河道入湖后迅速扩展,形成面状流向湖盆中央推进,后期河道扩展后对前期沉积物进行冲刷及改造;另一方面,湖水波浪改造使河口处形成的河口坝沉积物难以保存。沉积微相组合具有以水下分流河道优势发育,水下分流河道砂体与水下分流间湾微相互层发育等特征。研究区三角洲沉积受构造演化、气候、水平面变化及供给体系等因素控制。长62油层沉积时期地形平缓,沉降速率缓慢,气候温湿,当河道携带细粒沉积物进入湖盆时,河道迅速扩展,水流分散形成面状流并向湖盆中央推进,形成"毯式"结构。总体呈水下分流河道砂体与泥岩互层发育。  相似文献