New Zealand's small town transition: The experience of demographic and economic change and place based responses     

Etienne Nel  Sean Connelly  Teresa Stevenson 《New Zealand geographer》2019,75(3):163-176

A significant percentage of the smaller urban centres around the world are losing people which raises questions regarding the appropriate responses to this challenge. Responses from the state have generally been muted, and as a result, concepts of new localism and new regionalism are useful for understanding the role played by place‐based leadership and partnerships between local businesses, community groups and individuals. Key within this space is the role of endogenous responses anchored on local social capital and resilience. This paper overviews key themes in the literature before examining statistical evidence of small town growth, stabilisation or decline in New Zealand. This leads into an examination of how three small towns in the country are responding to demographic and economic change. The cases illustrate the importance of local‐led responses to the debilitating effects of change and the degree to which place based development can be critical in the context of coping with change in small towns. The paper further argues that “right‐sizing” to a new economic and demographic reality may be the appropriate focus of local attention.  相似文献   

中国收缩城市及其发展的负外部性   总被引：6，自引：3，他引：3  

郭源园  李莉 《地理科学》2019,39(1):52-60

以中国地级市为研究对象,选取2003年和2014年2个时点,通过分析各地级市市辖区、非市辖区的人口变化及二者相对变化情况判断收缩及潜在收缩城市;基于城市发展的负外部性内涵,构建涵盖房地产、环境、交通、教育、医疗及就业等方面指标的评价体系,运用主成分分析法测度收缩及潜在收缩城市发展的负外部性,并分析其变化方向。研究结果表明：① 中国的城市发展仍然以增长为主,收缩城市及潜在收缩城市比例并不高,收缩城市主要分布于东北三省及西北地区,潜在收缩城市则集中分布于河南、湖南等中部人口大省及广西、贵州等省、自治区;② 收缩城市发展过程中其负外部性显著改善,尤其是处于稳定收缩阶段的绝对收缩城市最为明显,辐射式收缩城市次之,而处于收缩初始阶段的郊区化收缩城市则表现出两极分化特征;③ 大部分潜在收缩城市其负外部性有不同程度的加剧,且负外部性加剧的城市主要以湖南、河南的潜在收缩城市为主。  相似文献   

Urban vacant land in growing urbanization: An international review     

宋小青  温萌萌  申雅静  冯琦  向敬伟  张伟娜  赵国松  吴志峰 《地理学报(英文版)》2020,30(4):669-687

Urban growth and shrinkage constitute the overall pattern of growing urbanization across the globe.Studies on urban vacant land(UVL)are few,and have proved to be mainly rudimentary and subjective.This paper first presents the definition of UVL based on bibliometric analysis.Typology,morphology,proximate causes,and the multiple functions of UVL are then analyzed at parcel,transect,city,and national levels based on an international review.Results show that UVL can be categorized by land cover,land usage,and land ownership.Worldwide,UVL has been widespread and extensive.For example,the occurrence probabilities of UVL in the cases of Guangzhou and New York are 8.46%-8.88%and 3.17%-5.08%,respectively.The average vacancy rate of residential land amounts to 11.48%in 65 U.S.cities.Generally,UVL shows fragmentation and irregular shape,and significant spatial differences exist at parcel,transect,city,and national levels.Proximate causes,such as excessive land division,irregularly shaped land parcels,decreases in resident population,deindustrialization,land speculation,insufficient investment,and environmental concerns,can all result in UVL.Currently,UVL has become a gray area of social,economic,and ecological space.However,it can also be considered a potential resource for enhancing urban sustainability.Policy implications to promote urban sustainability using monitoring,control,and differential revitalization of UVL are presented.  相似文献   

水下收缩裂隙沉积模式及定量化研究   总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4  

周瑶琪  赵振宇  马晓鸣  冀国盛 《沉积学报》2006,24(5):672-680

通过野外实地考察测试、室内实验分析、数据处理等,对水下收缩裂隙的形成过程、裂缝充填模式、定量分级、各参数之间的拟合关系、微小扰动对裂缝形成的影响等进行了详细讨论,并且建立了水下收缩裂隙产生的地质理论模型以及对未来研究方向提出的几点建议。这些对于定量描述裂缝形态、结构、变化规律,预测区域性裂缝规模、分布范围,判别区域沉积环境具有十分重要的理论意义和现实意义。   相似文献   

基于模板匹配的点状符号分离方法   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

叶建栲  刘宏林 《测绘工程》1999,8(4):32-34

符号百实现地图符号自动识别的前提和基础,本文针对地形图中点状符号的特点,提出了一种基于模板匹配的点状符号分离方法。  相似文献   

天津城市发展中的若干环境地质问题   总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11  

王家兵 《华北地质》2004,27(3):164-168

随着天津城市经济建设活动的加快和海岸带的开发利用，城市环境地质问题日益突出。地下水开采等因素引起的地面沉降量超过1000mm的面积达4080．48km^2，并形成多个沉降中心。地面沉降损失地面高程，带来河流泄洪能力减小、雨后城市积水、海岸带抵御风暴潮能力降低、城市地下管网破坏等一系列危害。污水灌溉和工业排污、石油开发等因素引起了土壤与地下水的污染，直接危害着人们的健康。农业开发、城市建设等因素加速了湿地萎缩，恶化了湿地的生态环境。浅层地下成水开采强度低、地面沉降降低地面高程，土壤盐渍化继续加重。这些环境地质问题都将制约着天津市的社会经济发展。引进与开发改善生态环境技术，防治与缓解城市地质灾害和生态环境恶化，必须作为一项长期的工作纳入城市规划和管理体系之中，以确保城市可持续发展策略的实施。  相似文献   

中国人口收缩的城乡分异特征及形成机理   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

刘振  戚伟  刘盛和 《地理科学》2021,41(7):1116-1128

在县市尺度上对2000—2010年人口收缩区的城乡分异特征进行分析,划分出城增乡减型、城乡双收缩型和城减乡增型等类型,并建立人口收缩城乡分异的理论分析框架,探讨了不同类型的形成机理,主要的发现如下：① 2000—2010年,人口收缩单元占比约为38.6%,城增乡减型单元占据绝对主体,达到34.5%,而“城乡双收缩型”和“城减乡增型”单元占比均较低。② 中部地区人口收缩区城镇人口增长普遍较快,东北地区城乡双收缩的特征较为突出,而东部和西部地区存在较明显的空间分异。③ 城镇化水平和经济发展水平对人口收缩城乡分异特征的影响最为显著,城镇化水平较高而经济发展水平较低的人口收缩区越可能出现城镇人口增长缓慢甚至城乡双收缩。④ 经济发展速度、人口自然增长水平、公共服务等因素对人口收缩城乡分异特征也存在一定的影响。  相似文献   

Trend of Salt Lake Changes in the Background of Global Warming and Tactics for Adaptation to the Changes   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

ZHENG Mianping  QI Wen  JIANG Xianfeng  ZHAO Yuanyi  LI Minghui Open Laboratory of Saline Lake Resources  Environment  Chinese Academy ofGeological Sciences  Beijing R & D Center for Saline Lakes  Epithermal Deposits  Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences  Beijing 《《地质学报》英文版》2004,78(3):795-807

Salt lakes are a mirror of climatic changes and provide holographic records of environmental changes of lakes. According to a study of geological hazards in typical salt lake areas in China and other regions, the authors explain how geological hazards in salt lake areas are caused by natural agents and how humans can seek benefits, avoid hazards and reduce losses on the premise that they have monitored and mastered the trend of salt lake changes in advance and even can store flood and recharge water in lakes and extract saline resources. The climate  相似文献   

Facing the challenge of shrinking cities in East Germany: The case of Leipzig   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Marco Bontje 《GeoJournal》2004,61(1):13-21

In the early 20^th century, the East German city of Leipzig seemed well on its way to become a metropolis of international importance. The city was expected to grow towards over one million inhabitants in 2000. Seventy years later, Leipzigs population has shrunk to less than 500,000 inhabitants instead. The German partition after World War II took away most of its national administrative and economic functions and much of its hinterland. The socialist GDR regime worsened the long-term development perspectives and living circumstances of the city. The German reunification brought new development chances, but like most East German cities, Leipzigs hopes soon became disappointed. The local politicians faced a difficult redevelopment task: apart from the question how to revive the local and regional economy, they also had to deal with a housing vacancy rate of 20%, a huge need for renovation in the older neighbourhoods as well as in the socialist high-rise areas, the negative effects of urban sprawl on the city core, and various environmental pollution problems. After briefly describing the development path of Leipzig until the 1990s, the paper will discuss the current attempts of the city government to give Leipzig a more positive post-industrial future. On the one hand, Leipzig is developing a strategy to downsize the citys built environment and infrastructure to adapt to a probably lastingly smaller population. On the other hand, many growth instruments well known from the international scientific and political debate are tried to put Leipzig back on the (inter)national map. The paper will discuss these development strategies in the light of the international debate on the question how to fight the shrinking city, with specific attention for post-socialist cities.  相似文献   

Two and a Half Thousand Years of Navigation on the Dead Sea     

Aharon OREN 《《地质学报》英文版》2014,88(Z1):432-433

正Today there is a single ship on the Dead Sea:a vessel that makes monthly research cruises.But in earlier periods many kinds of boats sailed the waves of the saltiest of all lakes.Stone and wooden anchors found on the newly  相似文献