Technical Note Reactive silica and strength of fly ashes     

P.V. Sivapullaiah  J.P. Prashanth  A. Sridharan  B.V. Narayana 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》1998,16(3):239-250

The use of fly ash in geotechnical engineering depends greatly on its pozzolanic reactivity. Though many factors influence the reactivity of fly ash it is well recognized that reactive silica and lime content play a major role. A new, accurate and reliable method for the determination of reactive silica content of fly ash has been established. The reactive silica content, obtained as acid soluble silica in about 2 to 3 N hydrochloric acid, is found to correlate well with unconfined compressive strength of fly ashes. The reactive silica content of fly ash is also important in the stabilization of soils using fly ash. © Rapid Science Ltd. 1998  相似文献   

二氧化硅溶解度方程和地温计   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

张生  李统锦 《地质科技情报》1997,16(1):53-58

对地表至下地壳和上地幔温压条件下二氧化硅溶解度实验研究的进展进行了综述，并给出了石英和非晶质ＳｉＯ２在纯水和盐水溶液中的溶解度定量方程，介绍了估算地热库温度的ＳｉＯ２地质温度计。  相似文献   

Time dependence of organic matter decay and mixing processes in Framvaren, a permanently anoxic fjord in South Norway     

David W. Dyrssen  Per O. J. Hall  Conny Haraldsson  Melissa Chierici  Jens M. Skei  H. Göte östlund 《Aquatic Geochemistry》1996,2(2):111-129

Three different layers have been identified in Framvaren, which has a maximum water depth of 184 m. One oxic layer above the redoxcline at 18–20 m. One anoxic layer from 20 to 100 m which is occasionally ventilated by a flow over the sill (which has a depth of 2.5 m), and finally a stagnant layer below 100 m. Using the release rate of silica from the bottom and measurements of the concentration of HTO it is possible to make some calculations on the annual volume of interleaving in the layers 25–50 m, 50–75 m, and 75–100 m together with the advective flows. Reliable values of the sulfide concentration were obtained by precipitating and weighing HgS together with careful protection of all anoxic water samples with argon. The light yellow color of the precipitate in the depth range 25 to 80 m indicates that the occasional ventilation will cause such reactions as 0.50₂ + H₂S S(colloidal) + H₂O. The elemental sulfur, being stabilized with HS^–, is set free upon the precipitation of HgS. The new data for the concentration of sulfide give an acceptable stoichiometry for the decay reaction of organic matter. This is not the case with the data of Yao and Millero. The mean values for the concentrations of ammonium and phosphate agree with the new data of Yao and Millero. The mol/mol C/N ratio of 10.1 found in trapped material by Naess and coworkers (1988) agrees with the stoichiometry of the dissolved constituents, i.e. C/N = 9.92 ± 0.45. A denitrification reaction is suggested to explain the high values of C/N. The vertical diffusion coefficient at 100 m calculated from the depth profile of silica was 0.92 × 10^–6 m² s^–1 which lies in the range of values given by Fröyland. Finally, the ¹⁴C age of the total dissolved inorganic carbon (Ct) in the water below 90 m was about 1600 years indicating a bioproduction in the period 8000 years B.P. to A.D. 1853 when a channel was opened between the fjord outside (Helvikfjord) and Framvaren.  相似文献   

Chemistry of high mountain lakes in siliceous chatchments of the Central Eastern Alps     

Roland Psenner 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》1989,51(2):108-128

Alpine lakes in siliceous catchments of Tyrol and Carinthia (Austria) show signs of acidification. About 9% of the studied lakes have no alkalinity, more than 20% are below pH 6. About two thirds of all lakes have acid neutralizing capacities below 100 eq 1^–1. In spite of moderate precipitation acidity, some lakes show considerable concentrations of dissolved reactive aluminum during or shortly after snowmelt. High altitude lakes of the Alps are definitely more acidic than high mountain lakes in remote areas. Large differences in water and soil chemistry of nearby situated lakes were attributed to heterogeneities of bedrock geology. Paleolimnological investigations on former pH values of five lakes, based on diatom assemblages in the sediment, showed different developments: recent and past acidification, stable conditions, and alkalinization.  相似文献   

Carbonate alteration of the Upper Mount McRae Shale beneath the martite-microplaty hematite ore deposit at Mount Whaleback, Western Australia     

Adam D. Webb  Gerald R. Dickens  Nicholas H. S. Oliver 《Mineralium Deposita》2004,39(5-6):632-645

The formation of large martite-microplaty hematite ore deposits in northwest Australia remains a contentious topic in part because important evidence supporting a unifying genetic model has not been observed at all deposits. Carbonate replacement of silica has been found along normal faults below ore at the Mount Tom Price and Giles Mini deposits, which suggests an early hypogene process during ore formation. However, such rocks have not been identified at the largest martite-microplaty hematite deposit, Mount Whaleback. In this study, samples of the Mount McRae Shale are examined for their chemistry, mineralogy and petrography. These samples were collected from several key locations, including an area that immediately underlies ore along the Mount Whaleback fault at Mount Whaleback. Compared to unaltered black Mount McRae Shale from Wittenoom Gorge in the north and altered black and red Mount McRae Shale at Mount Whaleback, reddish-green Mount McRae Shale along the Mount Whaleback fault is greatly enriched in MgO and CaO and depleted in SiO₂. This chemistry arises from significant amounts of fine- to medium-grained ferroan-dolomite and ankerite and cross-cutting chlorite and carbonate veins. The composition is distinct from that produced during regional metamorphism, and most likely represents hydrothermal alteration after metamorphism. The lack of carbonate-rich, silica-poor rocks in the overlying Dales Gorge Member at Mount Whaleback is consistent with pervasive oxidation of most rocks in the region during or after ore genesis, a process that removed carbonates. Although several questions remain unanswered, these results support models that invoke an early hypogene stage during the formation of the martite-microplaty hematite deposits in the Hamersley Province.Editorial Handling: B. Lehmann  相似文献   

纳米硅粉水泥土的强度特性及固化机理研究   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

王文军  朱向荣 《岩土力学》2004,25(6):922-926

将性能优异的纳米硅粉作为外掺剂应用于水泥土改性研究。通过室内试验，探讨了纳米硅粉水泥土的强度特性。试验表明，一定掺量下的纳米硅粉能够显著提高水泥土的各个龄期强度。结合试验测试和理论分析，探讨了纳米硅粉在水泥水化硬化过程中的作用以及纳米硅粉与土之间的作用，在此基础上，分析了纳米硅粉改性水泥土工程性状的机理，旨在为纳米硅粉应用于工程实践开展理论和试验研究探索。  相似文献   

方石英的亚稳态形成机制探讨   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

肖万生  陈晋阳  彭文世  翁克难 《矿物岩石》2003,23(4):5-10

方石英形成于石英或鳞石英热力学稳定区是一种普遍的现象，并基本上是由非晶态SiO2转变而成。方石英的这种亚稳态形成机制可用Ostwald分步规则这一动力学经验规律来阐述；而引起非晶态SiO2转变成方石英的速率常数大大高于方石英转变成石英或鳞石英的速率常数的本质是非晶态SiO2局部中程有序结构与β—方石英的动态无序结构的相似性；这种相似性使非晶态SiO2结晶过程中β—方石英的有效成核速率大大增加，并最终导致亚稳态方石英的形成。非晶态SiO2中所含的杂质元素有利于降低方石英的形成温度，加速反应进程，但对于亚稳态方石英的形成没有决定作用，除非这些杂质元素有利于方石英结构的稳定性。  相似文献   

硅胶／壳聚糖吸附材料的制备及表征     

张玉玉  王以明  蔡国军 《地质灾害与环境保护》2008,19(3):109-112

利用γ-氨基丙基-三乙氧基硅烷偶联剂与活化硅胶表面的羟基反应,制备了硅烷化硅胶,所得产物与壳聚糖反应合成了硅胶／壳聚糖复合吸附材料。通过红外光谱分析（IR）,扫描电镜（SEM）及能谱分析对复合材料进行表征,并测试了硅胶／壳聚糖复合材料对Zn^2＋、Cd^2＋的吸附能力。结果表明：复合吸附材料对Zn^2＋、Cd^2＋具有很好的吸附能力,最大吸附率为96．01％及90．65％。  相似文献   

The use of sedimentary algal pigments to infer historic algal communities in Lake Apopka,Florida   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Matthew?N.?WatersEmail author  Claire?L.?Schelske  William?F.?Kenney  Andrew?D.?Chapman 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2005,33(1):53-71

The primary producer community of Lake Apopka, a large (125 km²), shallow (mean depth, 1.7 m), polymictic Florida lake, shifted from macrophyte dominance to phytoplankton dominance in the 1940s. Today, frequent wind resuspension of highly organic, unconsolidated sediments supports a meroplanktonic community that is predominantly diatoms, but during calm periods the algal community is dominated by planktonic cyanobacteria. Sedimentary algal pigments (chlorophyll derivatives and carotenoids) and chemical proxies for nutrient enrichment (polyphosphate, total phosphorus and biogenic silica) in three sediment cores were used to investigate historic changes in primary producers. Sediments were separated into three stratigraphic zones using multivariate statistical techniques. Stratigraphic zonation was established in each core although sediment deposition at one site was insufficient to adequately resolve temporal changes. These results show the importance of selecting suitable sites for paleolimnological studies. The oldest zone represents macrophyte-derived sediments, and the two overlying zones represent phytoplankton-derived sediments deposited since the 1940s. Algal pigments in the most recent sediment zone show little degradation, which might be due to the presence of viable meroplankton in the sediment. After the initial primary producer shift from macrophytes to phytoplankton, the lake experienced a short period of cyanobacterial dominance followed by a period of benthic diatom abundance before being replaced by the present algal community consisting of cyanobacteria and meroplanktonic diatoms. Chlorophyll derivatives and carotenoids were highly correlated with total phosphorus. Historic trends inferred from the data include algal and cyanobacterial productivity that increased with increased phosphorus loading. The study demonstrates that valid paleolimnological proxies for historic eutrophication are available in loosely consolidated sediments of shallow, subtropical lakes.  相似文献   

Modelling the OH stretch envelope shape and temperature effects in infrared spectra of hydrous silica and silicate glasses     

D. P. Zarubin 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2000,27(8):590-597

Simple model calculations show that the reversible temperature effects reported for broad OH-stretching bands in infrared spectra of silica, aluminosilicate, and similar glasses can be explained, in essentials, by homogeneous thermal broadening of the ν(OH) envelope constituents and a decrease in intensity with increasing temperature taking place uniformly across the band. This means that these effects are reasonably consistent with the temperature behaviour of narrow ν(OH) bands of crystalline OH-bearing minerals. These findings leave little room for the previously agreed interpretation in terms of a change in hydrogen-bonding strength, although the dependence of integrated intensity on temperature still remains to be understood. Received: 16 April 1999 / Accepted: 4 April 2000  相似文献