陕西大西沟喷流沉积型菱铁矿矿床地质特征及矿床成因   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

詹涵钰  李占轲  武文辉  李建威 《矿床地质》2019,38(1):1-20

陕西大西沟铁矿床位于秦岭造山带山-柞盆地西北部,与银洞子大型银铅矿床毗邻。矿体主要赋存在泥盆系青石垭组中上段,容矿岩石为一套海相复理石碎屑岩和碳酸盐岩建造。矿床的金属矿物主要有菱铁矿、磁铁矿、黄铁矿,其次为黄铜矿、磁黄铁矿等;非金属矿物主要是重晶石、石英、铁白云石,其次为方解石、绢云母、绿泥石、黑云母、斜长石、钠长石、堇青石等,局部地段由于表生氧化和次生富集作用而形成针铁矿、赤铁矿、蓝辉铜矿等。与矿化有关的围岩蚀变较弱,主要有硅化、绢云母化、绿泥石化和碳酸盐化。基于野外地质观察、矿物共生组合和矿石结构构造的系统研究,将大西沟铁矿床的形成划分为3期6阶段,分别是:①喷流沉积期:硅质岩-黄铁矿-菱铁矿阶段(Ⅰ)、重晶石-磁铁矿阶段(Ⅱ);②热液改造期:堇青石-黄铁矿-磁铁矿阶段(Ⅲ)、石英-碳酸盐阶段(Ⅳ)、碳酸盐-硫化物-磁铁矿阶段(Ⅴ);③表生氧化期(Ⅵ)。流体包裹体显微测温结果表明,喷流沉积期Ⅰ阶段菱铁矿完全均一温度和盐度w(NaCl_(eq))峰值区间分别为230～270℃和13%～14.5%,Ⅱ阶段重晶石中流体包裹体的完全均一温度和盐度w(NaCl_(eq))峰值区间分别为220～290℃和9%～13%;热液改造期Ⅳ阶段菱铁矿和石英中气液两相包裹体均一温度峰值区间为240～300℃,盐度w(NaCl_(eq))为2.6%～15.7%;热液改造期Ⅴ阶段菱铁矿与石英中流体包裹体,除大量气液两相包裹体外,还发育有含子矿物多相包裹体,其中,气液两相包裹体均一温度峰值区间为290～340℃,盐度w(NaCl_(eq))为5.1%～13.4%,含子矿物多相包裹体均一温度峰值区间为380～440℃,盐度w(NaCl_(eq))为40.6%～59.7%。含子晶流体包裹体可能是流体不混溶或/和高盐度流体加入的反映。矿区内不同产状碳酸盐矿物的C、O同位素组成比较均一,δ~(13)C_(PDB)值集中在-3.58‰～-1.15‰之间,δ~(18)O_(SMOW)值为21.22‰～21.82‰,均表现出海相碳酸盐或海底喷流热液溶解海相碳酸盐的特征。大西沟矿床的地质、矿化和流体特征与海底热液喷流沉积型矿床一致,可能属于典型的喷流沉积型菱铁矿床,但后期受到秦岭造山作用的影响及热液叠加改造并形成磁铁矿和少量硫化物。大西沟菱铁矿矿床与邻近的银洞子铅锌矿组成一个较完整的喷流沉积成矿系统,两者可能分别代表了喷流沉积的边缘相和中心相。  相似文献   

江西相山铀矿田深部多金属矿化成矿流体来源:流体包裹体He-Ar同位素证据   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘军港  李子颖  聂江涛  王健 《大地构造与成矿学》2019,43(2):271-282

江西相山铀矿田西部地区实施的铀矿科学深钻3号孔在深部–700 m发现大量铅锌银多金属矿化脉,垂向上呈"上铀下多金属"的分布特征。本文对深部多金属矿化主成矿阶段的黄铁矿、闪锌矿、方铅矿进行了流体包裹体He和Ar同位素组成测定,结果表明,相山深部多金属矿化主成矿阶段的黄铁矿、闪锌矿和方铅矿具有较一致的He、Ar同位素组成,矿物内流体包裹体的~3He含量范围为4.55×10^–14～1560×10^–14 cm^3·STP/g,~4He含量范围为1.05×10^–7～525×10^–7 cm^3·STP/g,~3 He/~4He为2.98×10^–7～4.96×10^–7,即0.21～0.35 Ra,介于地壳(0.01～0.05 Ra)和饱和大气水(1 Ra)之间,明显低于地幔的~3 He/~4He值(6～9 Ra),⁴⁰Ar浓度为0.969×10^–7～157×10^–7 cm^3·STP/g,⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar值为303.7～573.9,略高于饱和大气水的Ar同位素组成,结合矿石和蚀变岩石中Li元素富集特征,本文认为相山西部地区深部多金属成矿流体以地壳流体和大气降水为主,成矿流体富Li元素是He同位素明显高于地壳的原因,可能存在少量幔源流体的加入。另外,通过对比前人研究的该地区铀矿化矿石中黄铁矿He-Ar同位素组成,并结合前人对该地区幔源组分明显参与铀成矿的认识,本文认为多金属矿化和铀矿化成矿流体可能并非同一来源。  相似文献   

基于正演模拟的复合曲流带砂体内部构型解剖研究及应用          下载免费PDF全文

何康  胡勇  甘立琴  来又春  苏进昌 《地质找矿论丛》2019,34(1):84-91

Q油田是渤海大型河流相沉积的稠油油田,其北区NmⅣ1主力含油砂体为复合曲流带沉积,经过16年的注水开发,油水关系复杂,平面注水受效不均的问题日益严重,如何优化注釆结构来改善开发效果已成为急需解决的问题。优化现有注釆井网的关键是认识复合曲流带砂体内部不同单河道砂体的切叠关系及展布特征,即对目标砂体开展内部不同单河道的构型单元分布特征研究。首先,依据岩电标定的测井曲线特征、局部发育的薄夹层以及曲流河纵向下切模式,对复合砂体内部不同单河道砂进行划分与对比;然后基于单井沉积微相划分结果,开展井间剖面相对比分析,表明复合砂体内部存在5种不同单河道砂体切叠模式;建立5种正演概念模型,利用地震正演模拟合成地震记录,总结了不同单河道砂体间顶面高程差异、点坝边界、废弃河道等曲流河砂体构型边界的波形特征;利用地震属性提取及多种地质构型方法,综合分析,最终实现了海上大井距条件下复合曲流带砂体内部不同单一曲流河砂体构型边界的精细识别;最后由注采动态资料的响应关系评估不同的切叠模式对注水效果的侧向遮挡程度,并以此为依据,优化现有的注釆井网并取得了非常好的生产效果。  相似文献   

安徽金寨银水寺铅锌矿床流体包裹体和同位素地球化学特征     

吴皓然  谢玉玲  钟日晨  王莹  安卫军 《大地构造与成矿学》2019,43(5):967-990

银水寺铅锌矿床位于大别造山带北缘,是该区最大的矽卡岩型矿床。矿体主要发育在中元古界庐镇关岩群仙人冲组大理岩与郑堂子组千枚岩之间的层间破碎带以及正长花岗斑岩与大理岩的接触带中。矿床先后经历了四个成矿阶段,矽卡岩阶段(Ⅰ)、石英.白钨矿阶段(Ⅱ)、石英.硫化物阶段(Ⅲ)、碳酸盐阶段(Ⅳ)。矽卡岩阶段(Ⅰ)主要发育绿帘石、阳起石、石英、绿泥石、磁铁矿及少量金属硫化物等;石英.白钨矿阶段(Ⅱ)主要发育石英、方解石、萤石及少量白钨矿和金属硫化物;石英.硫化物阶段(Ⅲ)广泛发育闪锌矿、方铅矿、黄铜矿等金属硫化物及石英、方解石、萤石、绿泥石等;碳酸盐阶段(Ⅳ)主要发育方解石、石英及少量黄铁矿。矿床中发育三种类型流体包裹体,包括富CO2水溶液包裹体(AC类)、气液两相水溶液包裹体(L类)和含子晶多相包裹体(S型)。根据流体包裹体岩相学、显微测温、激光拉曼研究结果,矽卡岩阶段主要有富CO2包裹体和气液两相水溶液包裹体,均一温度为314~400℃、盐度变化范围较大(1.1%~19.3%NaCleqv);石英.白钨矿阶段发育气液两相水溶液包裹体、含子晶多相包裹体和富CO2包裹体,后两者均一温度相近(263~349℃)、盐度差异较大(32.8%~41%NaCleqv和0.8%~6.1%NaCleqv),表明流体发生了沸腾作用;石英.硫化物阶段主要发育气液两相水溶液包裹体,均一温度为230~332℃,盐度为0.2%~8.9%NaCleqv;碳酸盐阶段只发育气液两相水溶液包裹体,显示低温(162~245℃)、低盐度(0.2%~5.6%NaCleqv)的特征。矿床不同成矿阶段石英、绿帘石中流体包裹体中水H-O同位素研究结果表明,δ18Ofluid值从早到晚逐渐减小,其中矽卡岩阶段为–1.3‰~4.7‰、石英.硫化物阶段为–5.1‰~–3.1‰,表明银水寺矿床早期成矿流体主要为岩浆来源,并在成矿过程中不断有大气降水的加入。石英流体包裹体中CO2的C同位素测试结果表明,矽卡岩阶段δ13CV-PDB值为–9.2‰,石英.硫化物阶段为–25.8‰~–15.4‰,表明早期成矿流体中碳质主要来自岩浆,石英-硫化物阶段有大量有机碳加入,其可能与流体和富含有机质的地层反应有关。矿石中主要金属硫化物的δ34S值(1.7‰~4.4‰)显示了深源硫的特征。Pb同位素变化范围集中(206Pb/204Pb=16.55~16.705,207Pb/204Pb=15.369~15.459,208Pb/204Pb=37.463~37.767),显示壳幔混源的特点。随着成矿作用的进行,岩浆流体与碳酸盐围岩地层发生水岩交代反应形成矽卡岩,该过程造成了成矿矽卡岩阶段磁铁矿和少量闪锌矿的沉淀;断裂活动造成热液体系压力下降,流体发生沸腾,CO2、HF进入气相并逃逸促使矿床中钨的沉淀;同时大气降水沿裂隙灌入,混合作用导致流体的温度、盐度降低,Cl–浓度下降,造成矿床中铅锌的大面积沉淀。  相似文献   

福建德化地区东洋浅成热液金矿床成矿作用与成因研究     

雷凤至  孙景贵  徐智涛  韩吉龙  刘阳 《世界地质》2019,(2):339-353

为揭示福建德化东洋金矿床的成因,进行了矿床地质、流体包裹体和氢-氧、硫、铅同位素的系统研究。结果显示成矿流体接近于大气降水;硫元素具有深源硫的特征;铅同位素表明成矿物质来源于古老下地壳。综合研究结果表明该矿床的初始成矿流体为中高温、低密度、低盐度的岩浆热液,沸腾作用以及大气水混合是成矿物质卸载的主要因素,矿床成因属于与次火山岩岩浆作用有关的浅成热液低硫化型金矿床。  相似文献   

内蒙古二连盆地中部古河道型铀矿床中烃类流体特征与铀成矿关系     

赵兴齐  秦明宽  范洪海  刘武生  康世虎  张字龙  周飞  蔡亚  史清平 《地球学报》2019,40(3):405-416

通过对二连盆地中部下白垩统赛汉组上段古河道型铀矿床砂岩中的酸解烃特征进行分析,探讨了酸解烃中烃类气体组成特征、成因及来源,并结合该区铀矿分布富集的地质特征初步探讨了该区油气与砂岩型铀成矿关系。结果表明,赛汉组上段古河道砂体中CH_4及C_2~+含量与铀含量呈正比,且在氧化带、氧化还原过渡带和还原带内烃类含量具明显的分带性。酸解烃气体组成特征参数C_1/ΣC、C_1/C_2+、C_2/iC_4、C_2/C_3、iC_4/nC_4、iC_5/nC_5、ln(C_1/C_2)、ln(C_2/C_3)表明,研究区赛汉组上段古河道砂体中的烃类气为有机成因的油型气,烃类气主要处于成熟-高成熟阶段,主要为原油伴生气和原油裂解气。根据研究区烃源岩地球化学特征及生排烃史分析认为,该区下白垩统赛汉组上段古河道型铀矿床中烃类气主要来源于下白垩统阿尔善组(K_1ba)湖相腐泥型或偏腐泥型烃源岩,其次为腾一段(K_1bt~1)低熟-成熟阶段的湖相烃源岩。研究区深大断裂、不整合面、主砂体或裂隙是该区深部油气向上逸散的主要通道,深大断裂及不整合面附近应是该区砂岩型铀矿找矿的重点方向;油气在该区古河道砂岩型铀成矿作用过程中具有吸附作用、还原作用和保矿作用,区内砂岩型铀成矿期次、油气聚散史明显受控于晚白垩世末—古新世期的反转构造作用。  相似文献   

俄罗斯塔尔纳赫岩浆铜镍硫化物矿床中流体参与成矿的矿物学证据     

蒋俊毅  苏尚国  王菁姣 《地学前缘》2019,26(6):228-243

岩浆铜镍硫化物矿床研究中“硫化物矿浆”组成及上侵聚集机制一直存在争议。在新近提出的“岩浆通道成矿系统”的思路下,文章研究了来自俄罗斯诺里尔斯克地区塔尔纳赫铜镍硫化物矿床中的赋矿橄榄苏长辉长岩,发现其主要造岩矿物存在两种类型,在微量元素分配上出现了明显的差异。文章重点报告了其中斜长石的特点。以微量元素的分配模式为依据,所有斜长石可以分为两类：Ⅰ型斜长石强烈富集大离子亲石元素和轻稀土元素,强烈亏损高场强元素,成分为钠长石倍长石,与硫化物共存,指示在含矿硫化物珠滴中应含有大量流体;Ⅱ型斜长石富集轻稀土元素,强烈亏损高场强元素,成分为中长石倍长石,产于岩体中遭受交代改造较弱的区域,指示它们由熔体结晶形成。据此我们认为“硫化物矿浆”在上侵过程中包含大量流体,应该为“熔体流体”。文章为流体在硫化物矿浆富集和运移过程中起着重要作用的论点提供了新的证据。  相似文献   

Ore Genesis and Tectonic Significance of the Xiaojiashan Tungsten Deposit,Eastern Tianshan,Xinjiang, China: Evidence from Geology,Fluid Inclusions,and Stable Isotope Geochemistry     

Yunfei Zhou  Jiuhua Xu  Lihua Shan  Xihui Cheng  Yueping Deng  Wenhuan Feng  Lingxiao Qiao 《Resource Geology》2019,69(1):43-64

The Xiaojiashan tungsten deposit is located about 200 km northwest of Hami City, the Eastern Tianshan orogenic belt, Xinjiang, northwestern China, and is a quartz vein‐type tungsten deposit. Combined fluid inclusion microthermometry, host rock geochemistry, and H–O isotopic compositions are used to constrain the ore genesis and tectonic setting of the Xiaojiashan tungsten deposit. The orebodies occur in granite intrusions adjacent to the metamorphic crystal tuff, which consists of the second lithological section of the first Sub‐Formation of the Dananhu Formation (D₂d ₁²). Biotite granite is the most widely distributed intrusive bodies in the Xiaojiashan tungsten deposit. Altered diorite and metamorphic crystal tuff are the main surrounding rocks. The granite belongs to peraluminous A‐type granite with high potassic calc‐alkaline series, and all rocks show light Rare Earth Element (REE)‐enriched patterns. The trace element characters suggest that crystallization differentiation might even occur in the diagenetic process. The granite belongs to postcollisional extension granite, and the rocks formed in an extensional tectonic environment, which might result from magma activity in such an extensional tectonic environment. Tungsten‐bearing quartz veins are divided into gray quartz vein and white quartz veins. Based on petrography observation, fluid inclusions in both kinds of vein quartz are mainly aqueous inclusions. Microthermometry shows that gray quartz veins have 143–354°C of T_h, and white quartz veins have 154–312°C of T_h. The laser‐Raman test shows that CO₂ is found in fluid inclusions of the tungsten‐bearing quartz veins. Quadrupole mass spectrometry reveals that fluid inclusions contain major vapor‐phase contents of CO₂, H₂O. Meanwhile, fluid inclusions contain major liquid‐phase contents of Cl^?, Na⁺. It can be speculated that the ore‐forming fluid of the Xiaojiashan tungsten deposit is characterized by an H₂O–CO₂, low salinity, and H₂O–CO₂–NaCl system. The range of hydrogen and oxygen isotope compositions indicated that the ore‐forming fluids of the tungsten deposit were mainly magmatic water. The ore‐forming age of the Xiaojiashan deposit should to be ~227 Ma. During the ore‐forming process, the magmatic water had separated from magmatic intrusions, and the ore‐bearing complex was taken to a portion where tungsten‐bearing ores could be mineralized. The magmatic fluid was mixed by meteoric water in the late stage.  相似文献   

Genesis of the Xiuwenghala Gold Deposit in the Beishan Orogen,Northwest China: Evidence from Geology,Fluid Inclusion,and H–O–S–Pb Isotopes     

Qisong Wang  Jing Zhang  Sunping Shu  Chunkit Lai  Bowen Xu  Haiwei Sun 《Resource Geology》2019,69(2):211-226

The Xiuwenghala gold deposit is located in the Beishan Orogen of the southern Central Asian Orogenic Belt. The vein/lenticular gold orebodies are controlled by Northeast‐trending faults and are hosted mainly in the brecciated/altered tuff and rhyolite porphyry of the Lower Carboniferous Baishan Formation. Metallic minerals include mainly pyrite and minor chalcopyrite, arsenopyrite, galena, and sphalerite, whilst nonmetallic minerals include quartz, chalcedony, sericite, chlorite, and calcite. Hydrothermal alterations consist of silicic, sericite, chlorite, and carbonate. Alteration/mineralization processes comprise three stages: pre‐ore silicic alteration (Stage I), syn‐ore quartz‐chalcedony‐polymetallic sulfide mineralization (Stage II), and post‐ore quartz‐calcite veining (Stage III). Fluid inclusions (FIs) in quartz and calcite are dominated by L‐type with minor V‐type and lack any daughter mineral‐bearing or CO₂‐rich/‐bearing inclusions. From Stages I to III, the FIs homogenized at 240–260°C, 220–250°C, and 150–190°C, with corresponding salinities of 2.9–10.9, 3.2–11.1, and 2.9–11.9 wt.% NaCl eqv., respectively. The mineralization depth at Xiuwenghala is estimated to be relatively shallow (<1 km). FI results indicate that the ore‐forming fluids belong to a low to medium‐temperature, low‐salinity, and low‐density NaCl‐H₂O system. The values decrease from Stage I to III (3.7‰, 1.7–2.4‰, and ?1.7 to 0.9‰, respectively), and a similar trend is found for their values (?104 to ?90‰, ?126 to ?86‰, and ?130 to ?106‰, respectively). This indicates that the fluid source gradually evolved from magmatic to meteoric. δ³⁴S values of the hydrothermal pyrites (?3.0 to 0.0‰; avg. ?1.1‰) resemble those of typical magmatic/mantle‐derived sulfides. Pyrite Pb isotopic compositions (²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb = 18.409–18.767, ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb = 15.600–15.715, ²⁰⁸Pb^/204Pb = 38.173–38.654) are similar to those of the (sub)volcanic ore host, indicating that the origin of ore‐forming material was mainly the upper crustal (sub)volcanic rocks. Integrating evidence from geology, FIs, and H–O–S–Pb isotopes, we suggest that Xiuwenghala is best classified as a low‐sulfidation epithermal gold deposit.  相似文献   

Mineralogy,Fluid Inclusions,and Sulfur Isotopes of the Huanzala Deposits,Peru: Early Skarn and Late Polymetallic Replacement Style Mineralizations     

Yuki Suzuki  Ken‐ichiro Hayashi 《Resource Geology》2019,69(3):249-269

Carbonate‐replacement polymetallic mineralization at the Huanzala deposits (9°51′S, 77°00′W) was conducted in two contrasting stages that occurred in almost the same location. Early‐stage mineralization has a relation with a granodiorite porphyry stock, whereas the late‐stage mineralization is genetically associated with quartz porphyry sills. The early stage involved low to intermediate sulfidation Cu–Zn–(Pb) mineralization associated with metasomatic skarn, and the late stage involved high to intermediate sulfidation Cu–Zn–Pb–(Mn) mineralization associated with hydrothermal alteration characterized by paragonitic sericitization. The orebodies are hosted by steeply dipping (approximately 60°NE) Lower Cretaceous carbonate rocks in a relatively narrow range of approximately 4 km in horizontal extent and less than 1 km in depth. The pathway of the early‐stage brine‐derived fluids (300–>400°C, >33 wt% NaCl equivalent) along a plot of log against 1000/T is best explained by the progressive dual decline of the value and the temperature under rock‐buffering conditions; this decline saw the pathway progress through the stability field of pyrrhotite to reach that of pyrite and promoted a decrease in FeS from 14.5 to 1.6 mol% in the sphalerite. In contrast, an explanation for the pathway of the late‐stage fluids (140–290°C, 3–13 wt% NaCl equivalent) is given by an almost isothermal decline at approximately 270°C, with passing through the stability field of pyrite–bornite to reach that of chalcopyrite, promoting an increase in FeS from 0.1 to 1.6 mol% in the sphalerite, suggesting gas‐buffering conditions. The ore formation pressure records in the fluid inclusions illustrate an approximately 2‐km erosion during the roughly 2‐Myr total lifetime of the hydrothermal system.  相似文献