Role of Carbonic Anhydrase as an Activator in Carbonate Rock Dissolution and Its Implication for Atmospheric CO_2 Sink   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

LIU ZaihuaKarst Dynamics Laboratory of MLR  Institute of Karst Geology Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences  Qixing Ro  Guilin 《《地质学报》英文版》2001,75(3):275-278

The conversion of CO2 into H+ and is a relatively slow reaction. Hence, its kinetics may be rate determiningin carbonate rock dissolution. Carbonic anhydrase (CA), which is widespread in nature, was used to catalyze the CO2 conversion process in dissolution experiments of limestone and dolomite. It was found that the rate of dissolution increases by a factor of about 10 after the addition of CA at a high CO2 partial pressure (Pco2) for limestone and about 3 at low Pcoj for dolomite. This shows that reappraisal is necessary for the importance of chemical weathering (including carbonate rock dissolution and silicate weathering) in the atmospheric CO2 sink and the mysterious missing sink in carbon cycling. It is doubtless that previous studies of weathering underestimated weathering rates due to the ignorance of CA as an activator in weathering, thus the contribution of weathering to the atmospheric CO2 sink is also underestimated. This finding also shows the need to examine the situ distribution and activ  相似文献   

    

Yang Xin  Wang Mingxing  Huang Yao 《大气科学进展》2001,18(6):1192-1206

The spatial and temporal variability of land carbon flux over the past one hundred years was investigated based on an empirical model directly calculating soil respiration rate. Our model shows that during 1901–1995, about 44-89 PgC (equals to 0.5, 0.9 PgC/yr respectively) were absorbed by terrestrial biosphere. The simulated net ecosystem productivity (NEP) after the 1930s was close to the estimated value of “ missing C sink” from deconvolution analysis. Most of the total carbon sink happened during 1951–1985 with the estimated value of 33–50 PgC. Three major sinks were located in the tropics (10°S–10°N), Northern mid-latitudes (30°–60°N) and Southern subtropics (10°–40°S). During 1940s-mid-1970s, carbon sinks by terrestrial ecosystem increased with time, and decreased after the mid-1970s. These may be due to the changing of climate condition, as during the 1940s–1970s, temperature decreased and precipitation increased, while after the mid-1970s, an opposite climate situation occurred with evident increasing in temperature and decreasing in precipitation. Usually, warmer and dryer climate condition is not favor for carbon absorption by biosphere and even induces net carbon release from soil, while cooler and wetter condition may induce more carbon sink. Our model results show that the net carbon flux is particularly dependent on moisture / precipitation effect despite of temperature effect. The changing of climate in the past century may be a possible factor inducing increases in carbon sink in addition to CO₂ and N fertilizer. This research was funded by CAS One Hundred Talents project and Knowledge Innovation Project of CAS(KZCX2-201).  相似文献   

“98.7”特大暴雨中尺度系统发展的热量和水汽收支诊断   总被引：17，自引：1，他引：17       下载免费PDF全文

冯伍虎  程麟生 《应用气象学报》2001,12(4):419-432

1998年7月20~23日 (“98.7”) 发生在鄂东和鄂西南地区的特大暴雨过程, 不仅与700 hPa上低涡切变线的生成和持续发展密切相关, 而且与沿低涡切变线相继生成和强烈发展的MαCS与MβCS直接关联。利用非静力模式MM5.V2.12成功模拟提供的高分辨输出资料对这次特大暴雨中尺度系统发展的热量和水汽收支进行了诊断。结果发现:当有强对流发生并伴有强降水时, 就会有强的视热源Q₁和视水汽汇Q₂出现, 而强的Q₁与Q₂和强降水区基本是对应的; Q₁随高度增高而增大, 最大加热位面基本上都在486.1 hPa (σ=0.54) 附近; 在对流层深厚的中空加热层是积云对流活跃和强暴雨持续发生、发展的一种重要热力机制; 在对流层上半部的相对冷层为暴雨区上空积云对流提供了极为有利的热力不稳定条件, 积云对流在中、低空的凝结潜热不仅加热对流层中层大气, 而且向高层输送, 加热高层的环境大气; 在暴雨初期, Q₂的双峰结构与低空层积云及中空积云对流凝结变干有关; Q₂的中空峰值大体与Q₁的峰值相应, Q₂的深厚变干层与Q₁的深厚加热层非常一致。 诊断结果表明, 用非静力中尺度模式成功模拟的高分辨输出资料对Q₁和Q₂进行数值诊断是可行的。通过对强暴雨过程Q₁和Q₂的诊断, 可为改进积云对流参数化中加热和增湿廓线提供可靠的物理依据。  相似文献   

作物气象灾害危害性的多目标灰色局势决策     

刘流  蒙远文  黄洪峰 《热带气象学报》1995,11(1):92-96

计算了１９９１年７月４－９日的梅雨锋强度降水过程的热源Ｑ１和水汽汇Ｑ２，结果表明，存在着两类云系即对流云和层状云对Ｑ１和Ｑ２的结构产生影响。对流加热发生在强降水区上空，而层状云加热发生在对流区周围的弱降水区上空，在对流加热区，大量的潜热释放形成最的热源和水汽汇，热源峰值出现在上部对流层，水汽汇峰值出现在下部对流层，在层状云区，通常０℃层以上为热源和水汽汇，０℃层以下的热汇和水汽源，层状云引起的Ｑ１  相似文献   

贵州百花湖分层晚期有机质降解过程与溶解N₂O循环     

王仕禄  刘丛强  万国江  陶发祥  李军  朱兆洲  吕迎春 《第四纪研究》2004,24(4):567-577

百花湖是一个具有季节性分层的富营养小型湖泊,在秋季湖水倒转期经常发生水质恶化事件,碳氮循环出现异常。文章研究特选择在秋初,湖泊分层开始消失时,测定了湖水中不同深度的N₂O,CH₄,CO₂,有机和无机碳同位素以及其他化学参数变化。结果发现:采样时百花湖在约6m和16m深度附近出现了两个温度不连续层(SDL和PDL),并影响到有机颗粒的沉降和分解。相对而言,有较多的有机质在这两个层内发生降解,但降解的途径有所不同,上部主要是有氧降解,下部则主要是无氧降解过程。N₂O的产生和消耗与有机质的降解过程完全对应:PDL层以上,ΔN₂O与AOU的线性关系反映了N₂O主要形成于硝化作用;PDL层以下反硝化作用导致N₂O严重不饱和;PDL内位于硝化作用和反硝化作用过渡带的N₂O峰,显然是硝化与反硝化联合作用的结果。PDL层内较大的CH₄浓度变化梯度,说明嗜甲烷细菌可能通过氧化NH+4贡献了部分N₂O。百花湖秋、冬季表层湖水N₂O都是过饱和的,都是大气N₂O的源,依据分子扩散模型计算湖泊N₂O的释放通量在12～14μmol/m·day之间,秋、冬季没有明显的差别。秋季底层湖水的反硝化作用是湖泊N₂O的汇,其消耗通量与表层的释放通量基本相当。  相似文献   

1994年8月亚洲季风区水汽的源汇分布和输送   总被引：8，自引：2，他引：6  

周军  薛宇峰  刘宣飞 《热带气象学报》1998,14(1):91-96

讨论了水汽气候源汇分布的分析方法,认为只有用季节平均的整层大气水汽通量散度才能准确反映水汽源汇的地理分布。分析了亚洲季风区１９９４年８月水汽源汇分布和输送情况,发现西太平洋１２０－１３３°Ｅ和孟加拉湾地区是水汽气候源区,其中菲律宾东侧、苏绿湾、黄海海域、安达曼海及布拉马普特拉河谷是最主要的５个水汽强源域。南海不是水汽源而是水汽汇。华北降水主要受亚洲两大季风风系和黄海、布拉马普特拉河谷水汽源的影响。  相似文献   

A DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH OF THE SEASONAL NORTHWARD BEATING OF THE SUBTROPICAL HIGH   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

朱玉先  喻世华 《热带气象学报(英文版)》1998,4(1):88-99

Diagnostic techniques of CEOF, power spectrum and bandpass filter wave are applied in this paper to analyze the seasonal northward beating of the northern subtropical high using day to day geopotential fields of 2.5 × 2.5 at 500 hPa May through July in 1988 and 1991. It is concluded that it is globally observed that the subtropical high has northward beats that propagate westward; the source of beating mainly lies in the region of Arabian Sea and central Pacific and the sink in eastern Pacific; the seasonal beating is dominated by effects of the disturbance field; low frequency oscillation plays a key role in the beating and the westward propagation so that the difference in the latter in individual years is caused by the varying source of disturbance and the low frequency waves it excites.  相似文献   

"99.6"梅雨锋暴雨云和降水物理过程的中尺度数值模拟   总被引：5，自引：11，他引：5       下载免费PDF全文

杨静  王鹏云  李兴荣 《热带气象学报》2003,19(2):203-212

用MM5(V2)中尺度非静力数值模式对长江中下游地区的梅雨锋降水的云和降水进行模拟研究。对于可分辨尺度的降水，采用Reisner霸显式方案；对云内微物理过程特别是对各种水成物的源汇项进行了详细分析，以期深入了解梅雨锋云系内部的云物理过程。  相似文献   

1998年5～8月青藏高原东部和邻近地区大气热源日变化特征及其与高原环流的关系   总被引：6，自引：7，他引：6  

简茂球  罗会邦 《高原气象》2002,21(1):25-30

利用1998年5－8月“南海季风试验”期间观测站的探空及地面资料，计算并分析了高原及邻近地区大尺度大气热源和水汽汇的日变化特征及其与高原环流的关系。初步结果表明：中南半岛－高原东部的大气热源在早上弱，傍晚较强；南海北部－华南－华中的热源在早上强，傍晚弱。水汽汇的日变化与热源基本相似。傍晚高原东部上升运动明显增强，高原及其南侧的局地经向季风环流增强；高原东部下游地区傍晚的上升运动减弱或变为下沉，形成一个西升东降的局地日变热力纬向环流。1998年夏季长江中偏上游的致洪暴雨和华南的降水主要集中在夜间至午后。  相似文献   

湖北宜昌×××条带状磷块岩选矿试验研究     

丁晓姜  陈南华  张华军  李伟东 《化工矿产地质》2008,30(2)

×××磷矿属海相沉积型磷块岩矿床,主要具有胶状泥晶结构和磷质砂屑结构,以条带状构造为主。采用单一反浮选选矿工艺,使用硫酸为抑制剂、中化地质矿山总局地质研究院研制的K-02为捕收剂,在常温条件下取得较好的选矿工艺指标。进行了实验室重液浮沉试验。  相似文献