含碎石层沥青加铺结构外部耦合计算方法     

张泉  陆阳  张蓉 《岩土力学》2011,32(6):1915-1920

碎石化沥青加铺路面结构中不同层位材料性质差异显著,难以由同一种力学模型加以描述。针对这一问题,将沥青加铺层及碎石化混凝土视为连续及非连续颗粒介质,分别采用有限差分法(DEM)与颗粒离散单元法(PCC)模拟沥青加铺层及碎石结构层的力学行为,并采用耦合的方式,通过两域对应边界的相容条件与平衡条件的控制,实现了连续域与离散域的平滑过渡。作为应用,结合现场情况,将破碎混凝土简化成碎粒层、碎石表层和碎石底层,通过模拟计算,分析了破碎粒径不同组合条件下沥青加铺层对荷载的响应。结果表明,碎粒层粒径越大,沥青层的拉应力、应变越大;碎石表层粒径越小,即多锤头破碎机(MHB)破碎的越碎,原水泥混凝土面板的强度下降的越多,整体性就越差,沥青层底的拉应力、应变也就越大,因此要将破碎状态控制在一定程度为宜。  相似文献   

汶川地震中某RC框架结构的震害分析与模拟     

徐超  刘健  温增平  杜修力  李立云  陆鸣 《震灾防御技术》2016,11(3):542-551

2008年5月12日,四川省汶川县发生里氏8.0级地震,造成了巨大的人员伤亡以及工程结构震害。本文基于江油市某RC框架结构的震害调查,分析了该框架结果出现底层"薄弱层"和"强梁弱柱"的破坏机制的主要原因。采用该框架结构附近三个台站的主震加速度记录作为输入开展了非线性地震反应分析。研究表明,填充墙的竖向不均匀布置改变了框架的抗侧刚度分布,造成底层薄弱层的破坏现象。底层柱子的轴压比相对较大,塑性变形能力及耗能能力相对较差,使得底层柱的变形量更容易达到其塑性变形极限而发生破坏。由于现浇楼板对梁刚度和抗弯承载力的增强,框架结构很难出现规范中"强柱弱梁"的破坏机制。结构基本周期对应的加速度反应谱值是决定结构地震反应的主要参数,基本周期加速度反应谱值的增加会导致结构塑性铰的迅速发展,造成结构出现柱铰机构而整体失稳倒塌。建议设计框架结构时,尽量避免填充墙的不均匀布置。适当增加底层柱的截面面积和配筋率,降低轴压比以保证良好的延性。梁端负向抗弯承载力计算时采用T型截面,并考虑一定范围内楼板配筋的影响。  相似文献   

Experimental study of human-induced effects on floor slab of an ancient Tibetan structure     

Yang Na  Guo Ting  S.S. Law 《地震工程与工程振动(英文版)》2012,11(4):513-523

With the opening of ancient Tibetan structures to visitors worldwide, human load has become the principal live load on these structures. This project studies the properties of the floor structure of an ancient Tibetan building and its behavior under human-induced load effects. Tests were conducted with static and dynamic crowd load, including stepping and jogging by people at a fixed position. The tests show that the floor structure does not behave as a continuous slab. It takes the load from local areas with minimal load transference properties. The acceleration response shows significant peaks when the footstep frequency is close to the natural frequency of the structure, but the human jogging excitation frequency does not have any obvious effect on the structural response. The elastic modulus of the Agatu material is estimated to be close to zero from the measured natural frequency of the slab. The Agatu material is concluded to be a discrete compacted material with insignificant contribution to the structural rigidity of the floor slab.  相似文献   

埃达克岩的原义、特征与成因   总被引：24，自引：2，他引：22  

董申保  田伟 《地学前缘》2004,11(4):585-594

论述了埃达克岩的原义与综合特征 ,并针对其与太古宙TTG之间的区别和联系及今后研究埃达克岩的建议提出了自己的见解。埃达克岩 (adakite)的原义是指一类具有镁铁质斑晶的隐晶质火山岩 ,属于岛弧型岩浆钙碱性岩系 ,一般形成于年轻的 (<2 5Ma)、地热高的岛弧环境 ,是俯冲板块和上覆地幔相互作用产生的杂化熔液通过结晶分异形成的。综合总结埃达克岩 (原义 )的地球化学特征如下 :(1)原生标志 ,高Mg# 、低FeO /MgO、高Cr及Ni;(2 )微量元素标志 ,高LILE、高LREE、低HREE、低HFSE以及高分异的REE型式等。对实验岩石学研究资料的总结可知杂化 (hybridized)熔液是由小数量的板块熔液与地幔楔反应经交代作用、同化作用形成的 ,可分异直至出现酸性岩浆 ,这一过程称为“地幔同化及分离结晶作用 (mantle AFC)”。在橄榄岩的同化作用中 ,原有熔液Mg# 迅速上升 ,并在熔液成分加多后 ,向高Mg# 区迅速发展。在近代一些埃达克岩及相关岩石研究中 ,部分学者认为太古宙TTG与新生代板块 (榴辉岩 )重熔的TTD岩系类似。同时 ,亦有学者认为太古宙“绿岩带”中与TTG有关的深成岩系是一类Mg质花岗闪长岩Mg质二长闪长岩 ,成因与Sanukite相似 (太古宙sanuk itoid岩系 ) ,相当于富集橄榄岩重熔形成的岩系。这些研究重新引发了太古宙  相似文献   

南阿拉斯加地壳及上地幔结构成像研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

柳存喜  王志 《地球物理学报》2014,57(7):2113-2126

通过反演562891个纵波和156321个横波走时数据,第一次同时获得了阿拉斯加地区地壳及上地幔的纵波与横波速度以及泊松比图像,为更好地认识阿拉斯加地区的深部地震结构、太平洋板块与亚库塔特板块的俯冲几何形态提供了科学依据.成像结果表明P波和S波速度图像与泊松比结构具有很好的一致性,强的高速度和低泊松比异常沿着阿拉斯加俯冲带延伸至200 km深度,该高速度和低泊松比异常体与俯冲带的地震空间分布吻合,因此,我们认为该高速体为俯冲的太平洋板块和亚库塔特板块.从地震空间分布发现,大部分大地震（M>6.5）发生在高速度与低速度异常交界处,可能反映了俯冲板块之间强耦合作用.在俯冲带的地幔楔显示出广泛的低速度和高泊松比异常,并且这些异常与岛弧火山的位置相对应,这与大洋板块俯冲所形成的岩浆入侵作用有关.研究结果表明在南阿拉斯加俯冲带,俯冲板块的俯冲角度从兰格尔块体下方的平坦变成在布里斯托尔湾下方的陡峭,这与亚库塔特板块俯冲在兰格尔块体下方和太平洋板块俯冲在布里斯托尔湾下方有关.在基奈半岛和科迪亚克岛连接处的上地幔位置存在强烈的低速与高泊松比异常体,使该处的大洋俯冲板块变薄.这一现象可能与亚库塔特板块和太平洋板块相互碰撞作用以及软流圈强烈的上升流入侵有关.  相似文献   

Topography of the Moho and Conrad discontinuities in the Kyushu district,Southwest Japan     

Hitoshi Oda  Takashi Ushio 《Journal of Seismology》2007,11(2):221-233

The first P-arrival time data from local earthquakes are inverted for two-dimensional variation of the depths to the Conrad and Moho discontinuities in the Kyushu district, southwest Japan. At the same time, earthquake hypocenters and station corrections are determined from the data. The depths to the discontinuities are estimated by minimizing the travel time residuals of first P-arrival phases for 608 earthquakes observed at 57 seismic stations. In the land area of Kyushu, the Conrad and Moho discontinuities are located within the depth ranges of 16–18 and 34–40 km, respectively. The Conrad discontinuity is not as largely undulated as the Moho discontinuity. The depth to the Moho is deep along the east coast of Kyushu, and the deepest Moho is closely related to markedly low velocity of P wave. We regard the deepest Moho as reflecting the Kyushu–Palau ridge subducting beneath the Kyushu district, together with the Philippine Sea slab. In western Kyushu, the shallow Moho is spreading in the north–northeast–south–southwest direction in the Okinawa trough region. Based on the presence of low-velocity anomaly in three-dimensional velocity structure and seismogenic stress field of shallow crustal earthquakes, the shallow Moho is interpreted as being due to lower crustal erosion associated with a small-scale mantle upwelling in the Okinawa trough region. The velocity discontinuity undulation basically has insignificant effect on hypocenter determination of the local earthquakes, but the Moho topography makes changes in focal depths of some upper mantle earthquakes. The depth variation of the Moho discontinuity has a good correlation with the Bouguer gravity anomaly map; i.e., the shallow Moho of western Kyushu and the deep Moho of eastern Kyushu closely correlate with the positive and negative Bouguer gravity anomalies, respectively.  相似文献   

埃达克岩的研究现状及其趋势   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

武占祖  陈勇  梁旭辉 《地质找矿论丛》2005,20(3):204-208

达克岩(adakite)是一种中酸性富钠火成岩(安山岩、英安岩、钠质流纹岩及相应的侵入岩),其突出的地球化学特征就是SiO2≥56%,Al2O3≥15%,低重稀土元素(HREE)与Y(如Yb≤1.9×10-6,Y≤18×10-6),高Sr(大多数>400×10-6,La/Yb(≥10.0)与Sr/Y(>20.0～40.0),一般具有正铕异常(少数具有极弱负铕异常).埃达克岩存在两种成因类型:一种由俯冲的年轻(≤25～30Ma)大洋板片熔融形成(O型埃达克岩);另一种由增厚地壳环境中的玄武质下地壳熔融形成(C型埃达克岩).文章从埃达克岩的特征、形成机制、成矿作用、构造背景、动力学意义等几个方面论述了埃达克岩的研究现状,并指出了未来埃达克岩研究的趋势.  相似文献   

Deep slab subduction and dehydration and their geodynamic consequences: Evidence from seismology and mineral physics   总被引：14，自引：9，他引：5  

Dapeng Zhao  Eiji Ohtani   《Gondwana Research》2009,16(3-4):401-413

We present new pieces of evidence from seismology and mineral physics for the existence of low-velocity zones in the deep part of the upper mantle wedge and the mantle transition zone that are caused by fluids from the deep subduction and deep dehydration of the Pacific and Philippine Sea slabs under western Pacific and East Asia. The Pacific slab is subducting beneath the Japan Islands and Japan Sea with intermediate-depth and deep earthquakes down to 600 km depth under the East Asia margin, and the slab becomes stagnant in the mantle transition zone under East China. The western edge of the stagnant Pacific slab is roughly coincident with the NE–SW Daxing'Anling-Taihangshan gravity lineament located west of Beijing, approximately 2000 km away from the Japan Trench. The upper mantle above the stagnant slab under East Asia forms a big mantle wedge (BMW). Corner flow in the BMW and deep slab dehydration may have caused asthenospheric upwelling, lithospheric thinning, continental rift systems, and intraplate volcanism in Northeast Asia. The Philippine Sea slab has subducted down to the mantle transition zone depth under Western Japan and Ryukyu back-arc, though the seismicity within the slab occurs only down to 200–300 km depths. Combining with the corner flow in the mantle wedge, deep dehydration of the subducting Pacific slab has affected the morphology of the subducting Philippine Sea slab and its seismicity under Southwest Japan. Slow anomalies are also found in the mantle under the subducting Pacific slab, which may represent small mantle plumes, or hot upwelling associated with the deep slab subduction. Slab dehydration may also take place after a continental plate subducts into the mantle.  相似文献   

二连盆地北缘晚中生代火山岩Ar-Ar年代、地球化学及构造背景   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

陈志广  张连昌  吴华英  周新华  刘庆 《岩石学报》2009,25(2):297-310

中国东北二连盆地周缘分布有三组时代不同的晚中生代火山岩,其中早、中期为两套地球化学性质不同的流纹岩,晚期为玄武质火山岩。本文通过测定火山岩基质Ar-Ar同位素年龄,表明早期查干诺尔组流纹岩形成于142Ma,晚期不拉根哈达组基性火山岩形成于129Ma,可见二连盆地北缘晚中生代火山岩时代均为早白垩世。通过对主、微量元素地球化学特征和Sr-Nd-Pb同位素组成研究,以及与邻区同期满克头鄂博组英安岩和流纹岩、玛尼吐组英安岩、霍林河地区查干诺尔组英安岩、流纹岩对比,认为早期查干诺尔组流纹岩来源于新成下地壳,岩浆演化过程经历了强烈分异作用;中期流纹岩源区为中上地壳或下地壳岩浆经历了上地壳强烈同化混染作用;晚期不拉根哈达组基性火山岩则源于受俯冲洋壳流体交代的富集岩石圈地幔。结合早白垩世区域岩石圈减薄背景,本文认为研究区早白垩世火山岩形成于陆内伸展构造环境。  相似文献   

宁波某厂房室内地坪沉降原因分析及处理措施          下载免费PDF全文

李钢 《探矿工程》2017,44(3):65-68

针对宁波市宁海县宁东区块某厂房室内地坪沉降现象,在分析沉降原因和沉降趋势的基础上,结合本工程的具体条件对几种加固方法进行了对比,确定采用锚杆桩 梁板结构加固方式对地坪进行处理。研制了多功能小型静力压桩机、采用了小创面多级挤扩贯穿排障法等解决了施工中的难题,实现了复杂环境条件的特种专业工程的顺利施工。治理效果良好。  相似文献