电力系统潮流量的微机快速跟踪测量     

王筱珍 《广东海洋大学学报》1995,(2)

提出了一种电力系统潮流量的快速跟踪测量方法，其响应时间只有一个采样时间间隔。实验表明，其准确度可满足实用要求。  相似文献   

Variations in dissolved CO2 and CH4 in a first‐order stream and catchment: an investigation of soil–stream linkages     

Diane Hope  Sheila M. Palmer  Michael F. Billett  Julian J. C. Dawson 《水文研究》2004,18(17):3255-3275

Spatial and seasonal variations in CO₂ and CH₄ concentrations in streamwater and adjacent soils were studied at three sites on Brocky Burn, a headwater stream draining a peatland catchment in upland Britain. Concentrations of both gases in the soil atmosphere were significantly higher in peat and riparian soils than in mineral soils. Peat and riparian soil CO₂ concentrations varied seasonally, showing a positive correlation with air and soil temperature. Streamwater CO₂ concentrations at the upper sampling site, which mostly drained deep peats, varied from 2·8 to 9·8 mg l^?1 (2·5 to 11·9 times atmospheric saturation) and decreased markedly downstream. Temperature‐related seasonal variations in peat and riparian soil CO₂ were reflected in the stream at the upper site, where 77% of biweekly variation was explained by an autoregressive model based on: (i) a negative log‐linear relationship with stream flow; (ii) a positive linear relationship with soil CO₂ concentrations in the shallow riparian wells; and (iii) a negative linear relationship with soil CO₂ concentrations in the shallow peat wells, with a significant 2‐week lag term. These relationships changed markedly downstream, with an apparent decrease in the soil–stream linkage and a switch to a positive relationship between stream flow and stream CO₂. Streamwater CH₄ concentrations also declined sharply downstream, but were much lower (<0·01 to 0·12 mg l^?1) than those of CO₂ and showed no seasonal variation, nor any relationship with soil atmospheric CH₄ concentrations. However, stream CH₄ was significantly correlated with stream flow at the upper site, which explained 57% of biweekly variations in dissolved concentrations. We conclude that stream CO₂ can be a useful integrative measure of whole catchment respiration, but only at sites where the soil–stream linkage is strong. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Numerical simulation of seepage flow field in groundwater source heat pump system and its influence on temperature field     

Jihua HU  Yanjun ZHANG  Danyan DU  Gang WU  Ziwang YU  Chen WANG  Fuquan NI 《世界地质(英文版)》2008,11(3)

Energy utilization in the aquifers is a new technology closely related to development of heat pump technique. It is significant for the flow distribution to be predicted in the aquifer surrounding the Groundwater Source Heat Pump System (GSHPS). The authors presented a new concept of "flow transfixion" by analyzing general features of aquifers, and then discussed interaction of the flow transfixion with the heat transfixion, which has practical significance to projects. A numerical model of groundwater flow was established based on the basic tenets of water-heat transferring in the aquifer. On this basis the flow field and the temperature field of GSHPS for a site in Shenyang City were numerically simulated. The basis of the flow transfixion was obtained; it was discussed for the influence of the flow transfixion on the heat transfixion. To a certain extent, the study offers some reference for the projects' design of GSHP in the studied area.  相似文献   

昆承湖水流水质计算分析     

秦毅  李瑞杰  朱文谨  曹晶晶 《海洋湖沼通报》2009,(2)

在模拟昆承湖水流流场的基础上,模拟化学需氧量(CODMn)在湖水中的扩散情况;同时,利用昆承湖实测资料和水质的浓度场计算结果,得到其枯季环境容量.可以看出,昆承湖的流速较小,且方向由西北流向东南,可能是受长江径流和湖底西北高东南低的地形特征影响;从昆承湖的CODMn浓度实测值和计算值中,可以看出小于其水环境质量标准限值.这将进一步为实现常熟市湖泊水环境质量的不断提高、生态状况的持续改善与科学管理提供依据.  相似文献   

Unstable flow in layered soils: A review     

Daniel Hillel 《水文研究》1987,1(2):143-147

Release of water from the soil in the process of internal drainage, and its continued downward movement through the vadose zone, constitute the main mechanism of groundwater recharge. Water released from the soil generally contains solutes, and these are conveyed to the groundwater via the same pathways as the drained water. Knowledge of those pathways is essential in any attempt to minimize the likelihood of groundwater pollution. Solutes generally interact with the medium in which they reside or travel, and the spatial and temporal pattern of their movement influences the nature and extent of their interactions. For many years, the assumption had prevailed that flow in the vadose zone is a steady-state, uniform process. Hence the vadose zone can serve to filter, attenuate, as well as degrade, potential pollutants. Recently, however, the existence of preferred pathways has come to light. Such pathways might connect the soil's upper zone directly to the water-table, thus bypassing the greater volume of the vadose zone and evading its filtering mechanisms. Groundwater recharge models that ignore the possibility of such spurts of contamination may be highly misleading. Preferred flow path may be cracks, animal burrows, or decayed root channels. Less easily discernible are transient and random paths associated with the phenomenon of ‘unstable flow’, which is most likely to occur in layered soils during infiltration. The wetting front, instead of remaining horizontal and advancing continuously from one layer to the next, may begin (particularly in transition from a fine-textured to a coarse-textured layer) to form bulges, called ‘fingers’, which propagate downwards and may become, in effect, vertical pipes. At present we are aware only of the occasional occurrence and potential importance of such phenomena, but as yet have neither the systematic empirical data, nor a proven comprehensive theoretical framework, by which to assess where, when, and according to what pattern, they are likely to occur.  相似文献   

A mathematical model for predicting coupled heat and water movement in unsaturated soil     

Barry J. Dempsey 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》1978,2(1):19-34

An investigation was conducted to develop a comprehensive moisture model for predicting non-isothermal moisture conditions in soils. An extensive literature review indicated that a model based on the Philip and de Vries equations for non-isothermal moisture movement and heat conduction would give the best results. By using numerical methods, the implicit finite difference approximations to the moisture movement and heat-transfer equations were programmed for computer solution of water content and temperature in the soil with time. Validation studies indicate that the moisture model can be used to predict accurately moisture conditions in the soil. The model was validated by using hydraulic data from laboratory studies conducted on soil columns compacted with AASHO A-3 and AASHO A-4 soil. The application of the moisture model to the study of non-isothermal moisture movement in the field is demonstrated. The influence of parameters such as water table depth, precipitation, and soil hydraulic properties on soil moisture content are shown by use of the moisture model. The model is shown to be applicable to a wide range of boundary conditions and that it predicts the moisture-temperature regime with time in soils utilizing climatic input data.  相似文献   

水流冲刷沉积物生成泥石流的条件及运动规律的试验研究   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

王姚印  张新玉 《地理学报》1989,44(3):291-301

在铺满卵石的陡槽上释放不同浓度、不同流量的泥浆或清水，观测卵石在泥浆流作用下的运动，研究泥石流的形成条件和运动规律。试验结果表明，当K（=rqJ）大于某临界值K_c时就会发生泥石流，但这个临界值K_c随波相泥浆浓度而变。泥石流龙头由大卵石组成，在不断摩擦和碰撞中翻滚着推进，消耗大量动能，同时控制着后续流不离散。后续流液相流速显著大于龙头，不断把能量输送到龙头，维持龙头运动。大卵石在运动中受到液相流的推动力较大，而受到的碰撞阻力较小，比龙头运动的快。因而大卵石逐渐集中于龙头。  相似文献   

Structurally controlled fluid flow associated with breccia vein formation     

R. K. VALENTA  I. CARTWRIGHT  N. H. S. OLIVER 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》1994,12(2):197-206

A breccia vein sampled from a shear zone in greenschist facies metapelites at Mount Isa, Queensland, Australia, shows a systematic variation in vein geometry that is related to the geometry of folding and faulting within the sample. Calcite vein-fill is coarse grained and equigranular, suggesting precipitation in a fluid-filled space. Partially folded veins suggest that veining occurred during folding and faulting. The breccia vein contains a central zone in which dilation has occurred simultaneously in all directions in the plane of section, implying that this was a zone of high fluid pressure and nearly isostatic differential stress during folding and faulting. From these observations, it can be inferred that the breccia vein was a zone of high permeability and a likely fluid channel during deformation. This hypothesis was tested by stable isotope analysis of veins and host rocks. The calcite veins have δ¹³C values of -11.1 ± 0.1% and δ¹⁸O values of 6-10%_o, whereas the host metapelite has δ¹³C values of -10.62 and -10.11% and δ¹⁸O values of 14-15%_o. These values are consistent with an igneous-derived, H₂O-dominated fluid that exchanged little oxygen with the host rocks, but derived much of its carbon from the wall rock. The isotopic disequilibrium between the veins and the wall rock confirms that the fluid was externally derived, and that the breccia vein acted as a channel for large-volume fluid flow within the shear zone.  相似文献   

Stabilization of Bottom Hole Temperature With Finite Circulation Time and Fluid Flow   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

P. Y. Shen  A. E. Beck 《Geophysical Journal International》1986,86(1):63-90

As an alternative to finite element or finite difference modelling, analytical solutions are derived by the method of Laplace transformation and numerical results obtained for several models of the bottom hole temperature stabilization. Included in the models are the finite circulation time, the thermal property contrast between the borehole mud and the surrounding formation, and the presence of radial or lateral fluid flow in the formation, all of which are found to have significant effects on the dissipation of the thermal disturbance induced by drilling.
The mud circulation is considered to have the effect of either maintaining the borehole mud at a constant temperature or supplying a constant amount of heat per unit length per unit time to the borehole. For small circulation times, the former reduces to the 'zero circulation' model in which the mud circulation creates an instantaneous temperature anomaly at the hole bottom; for small borehole radii, the latter reduces to the line source model and the traditional 'Homer plot'.
For typical drilling operations in which the bottom hole temperatures are measured several hours to several tens of hours after the hole is shut in, the new models generally predict higher equilibrium formation temperatures than does the Horner plot. However, predictions from the various models converge if the BHTs are taken after the hole has been shut in for a period which is greater than about five times the circulation period.  相似文献   

A compact model for the planar rhomboidal 4-body problem     

Ernesto A. Lacomba  Ernesto Pérez-Chavela 《Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy》1992,54(4):343-355

We obtain a compact model for the global study of the planar rhomboidal 4-body problem in a level of constant negative energy. This model is a variation of the non compact model obtained through a McGehee blow up transformation. but compactness permits to obtain results which are not clear in the other case.  相似文献